Journal of Physiological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of bed baths with weak wiping pressure using cotton and disposable towels on the skin barrier function of the lower limbs and forearms in older patients with heart disease: a quasi-experimental (crossover) study.","authors":"Inaho Shishido, Rika Yano","doi":"10.1186/s40101-026-00433-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-026-00433-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bed baths are commonly used to maintain skin hygiene in older hospitalized patients whose skin may be affected by disease, treatment, and aging. The effects of bed baths on the skin barrier function, particularly in the lower limbs, in older patients with heart disease who may have fragile skin remain unclear. This quasi-experimental (crossover) study investigated the effects of bed baths with weak wiping pressure using cotton and disposable towels on the skin barrier function of the lower limbs and forearms in older hospitalized patients with heart disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three older hospitalized patients with heart disease were evaluated. Participants received two randomly ordered wipes (AB or BA): (A) bed baths of the lower limbs and forearms using disposable towels; and (B) bed baths of the lower limbs and forearms using cotton towels. Weak wiping pressure was used (10-20 mmHg). Skin barrier function was measured before, 15 min after, and the day after bed bath using transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), and overall dry skin score (ODS). Mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used to compare the changes over time between the two types of bed baths.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SCH and TEWL were lower in the lower limbs than in the forearms, while ODS was higher. An interaction for TEWL was observed in the lower limbs (F _[2_,25_] = 4.0, P = 0.030); however, TEWL did not differ significantly across time points or towel types. No interaction or main effects of time or towel type on lower limb SCH and forearm TEWL were noted. Only the main effect of time on forearm SCH was observed, which was significantly lower 15 min after the cotton towel bed bath than before (t = 3.2, P = 0.004, MD [95% CI]:  - 3.5, - 0.8). ODS at baseline and the following day demonstrated no difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in TEWL and SCH over time revealed that a single bed bath with weak wiping pressure did not cause sustained impairment of skin barrier function by the following day. However, transient SCH decreases, and limited intervention periods require further mechanistic investigation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>UMIN R000061354 (date of registration: March 3, 2024).</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in research on thermogenic substances.","authors":"Mengdi Tao, Yutong Gao, Xuxia Chai, Jiahui Peng, Changjiang Guo, Lixia Yu, Zhanxin Yao","doi":"10.1186/s40101-026-00428-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-026-00428-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In mammals, a constant body temperature is maintained for survival in cold environments, primarily through the activation of thermogenic mechanisms. In this review, we discussed the advances in research on cold-adaptive thermogenic substances and their regulation. First, we outlined the primary thermogenic responses to cold exposure, including shivering thermogenesis (ST) and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), and emerging thermogenic pathways. Next, we discussed the mechanism of action of various thermogenic substances, including nutrients, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCM extracts, and dietary functional factors. This review provides a theoretical foundation for developing cold-resistance preparations with minimal side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of later dinner timing on subsequent metabolic function and nocturnal sleep in healthy young women.","authors":"Minori Enomoto, Shingo Kitamura, Taiki Kunieda, Taisuke Eto","doi":"10.1186/s40101-026-00430-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-026-00430-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of dinner timing on subsequent sleep architecture and glucose metabolism in healthy young women, using objective and integrated physiological measures in a real-life setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a randomized crossover trial with two dinner timing conditions: 1 h and 5 h before habitual bedtime. Each intervention lasted 6 days (Day 0 to Day 5), including a baseline day (Day 0) and 4 intervention days (Days 1-4). Dinner provided 709-740 kcal, with consistent macronutrient composition across conditions. Overnight sleep electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded on Day 0 and Day 4, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was conducted throughout the experimental period. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed after waking on Day 5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen healthy young women (21.4 ± 0.6 years) participated. On Day 4, the late-dinner condition (1 h before bedtime) resulted in significantly shorter total sleep time (TST, p = 0.013) and reduced sleep efficiency (SE, p = 0.040) and significantly higher wake after sleep onset (WASO, p = 0.017), Arousal Index (p = 0.041), number of stage-shifts (p = 0.016), and Stage-Shift Index (p = 0.003). The iAUC for postprandial glucose showed a significant interaction (p = 0.042), with lower values on Days 3 and 4 than on Day 1 (p = 0.090). OGTT results showed no significant changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dinner consumed 1 h before bedtime was associated with reduced sleep continuity and stability, while only transient changes in postprandial glucose dynamics were observed. In healthy young women, eating close to bedtime may affect sleep architecture, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between light exposure and sleep problems related to nocturia in older adults: the Nagahama study.","authors":"Isuzu Nakamoto, Sayaka Uiji, Hiromitsu Negoro, Takayuki Yoshino, Sachiko Horita, Kazuya Setoh, Yasuharu Tabara, Kimihiko Murase, Takuma Minami, Takeshi Matsumoto, Yoshinari Nakatsuka, Satoshi Hamada, Naomi Takahashi, Naoko Komenami, Fumihiko Matsuda, Kazuo Chin, Tomoko Wakamura","doi":"10.1186/s40101-026-00429-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-026-00429-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of nocturia-related sleep problems is higher in older people. This study investigated whether morning and evening light exposure is associated with the sleep problems related to objectively identified nocturnal urination in community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected between 2013 and 2016 for the Nagahama Prospective Cohort for Comprehensive Human Bioscience (the Nagahama Study). The study included 1585 participants aged ≥ 65 years who met the criteria for inclusion in the present analysis. An actigraph was used to measure sleep, nocturnal voiding time, and light exposure. The frequency of nocturnal voiding was derived from self-reported entries in the participants' sleep diaries. Morning light (ML) exposure was defined as the period between waking and 12:00, while evening light (EL) exposure was defined as the period between 18:00 and bedtime. The first uninterrupted sleep period (FUSP) was calculated as the interval between the sleep onset time and the first nocturnal void. Additionally, the ratio of FUSP to sleep period time (FUSP/SPT) was calculated. Associations between light exposure parameters and the frequency of nocturnal voiding, FUSP, or FUSP/SPT were examined using multivariable linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1585 participants, 38.7% were male median age was 70 years. The median nocturnal voiding frequency was 1.0 times (IQR: 0.4, 1.4) and the median FUSP was 4.6 h (IQR: 3.2, 5.9). In multivariable linear regression, log ML exposure was significantly associated with FUSP and FUSP/SPT (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.32; B = 2.20, 95% CI: 0.26, 4.14, respectively). In contrast, the duration of ML exposure ≥ 1,000 lx, EL exposure, and the duration of EL exposure ≥ 50 lx were not significantly associated with the frequency of nocturnal voiding, FUSP or FUSP/SPT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater morning light exposure was associated with a longer FUSP. Morning bright light exposure may therefore help delay nocturia-related sleep interruptions, potentially contributing to improved sleep quality among older people.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body height, body composition, and lifestyle of Czech high school students: implications for the most appropriate strategies supporting physical growth and preventing obesity.","authors":"Pavel Grasgruber, Eduard Hrazdíra, Zuzana Hlavoňová, Nikola Stračárová, Dominik Bokůvka, Jan Cacek, Jan Huleš, Tomáš Kalina, Tereza Králová, Oldřich Racek, Lenka Svobodová, Marie Svobodová","doi":"10.1186/s40101-025-00418-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-025-00418-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study summarizes anthropometric research that was conducted in two phases between 2015 and 2023. The aim of the first phase (2015-2016) was to map the current status of the height trend among adult high school students in the South Moravian region (the Brno-City District). The aim of the second phase (2016-2023) was to map the status of the height trend in three neighboring regions (Olomouc, Vysočina, Zlín) and to examine the relationship between body height, body composition, and some aspects of the students' lifestyle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of 4655 individuals (2349 males, 2306 females) aged 18-22 from 71 high schools with a broad educational spectrum. The second phase of the research included 2045 individuals (1011 males, 1034 females) who completed questionnaires with questions about their lifestyle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the measurements of body height in a sample of evenly stratified categories of high schools in the Brno-City District, we arrived at an average of 180.5 ± 6.8 cm in males (n = 1338) and 166.5 ± 6.3 cm in females (n = 1272) aged 18-20 years. The planned measurements of body height in the three remaining regions were not completed due to the COVID epidemic, but the total averages remained practically unchanged (180.3 ± 6.8 cm in males, n = 2326; 166.5 ± 6.4 cm in females, n = 2299). An analysis using linear mixed-effect models showed that body height was best predicted by dairy consumption in males and by school lunch attendance in females. Low % body fat was most strongly associated with physical activity, distantly followed by high parental education and daily school lunch attendance. In both sexes, height was inversely related to % body fat, but this relationship was not mediated by physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Taking into account other available data, it can be concluded that the secular trend of body height in the Czech Republic probably continues very slowly in males but stagnates in females. The inverse relationship between height and % body fat has an analogy in many other developed countries and suggests that a diet based on high-quality animal proteins should be the most effective strategy for supporting optimal physical development and preventing child obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13045034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A genome-wide association study identifies that SAMD5 interacts with regular Sun exposure to influence nasolabial folds development.","authors":"Jun Yan Ng, Yang Yie Sio, Fook Tim Chew","doi":"10.1186/s40101-026-00423-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-026-00423-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin ageing is influenced by genetics, chronological age, and Sun exposure. Nasolabial folds are wrinkles prevalent among young ethnic Chinese participants in the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from 4421 SMCGES ethnic Chinese young adults. Collected data included demographics, Sun exposure, Fitzpatrick Skin Type, and nasolabial fold presence, assessed using validated questionnaires and photo-numeric scales. Genetic data were obtained through SNP genotyping, imputation, and whole transcriptome sequencing. Buccal cell samples from 2776 participants across three sites (National University of Singapore [NUS], University of Tunku Abdul Rahman [UTAR], and Sunway University [SU]) were used for SNP genotyping, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 658 participants at NUS and UTAR for sequencing. Analyses were performed using HaploView, RStudio, and PLINK, integrating data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) portal, eQTLGen consortium, and NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our GWAS identified SAMD5 as associated with nasolabial folds among individuals with regular Sun exposure. SAMD5 SNPs might modulate binding of microRNAs hsa-miR-216a and hsa-miR-485-5p, suppressing SAMD5 expression and promoting nasolabial folds. rs844607 increased odds of nasolabial folds (AOR = 2.67 [1.89-3.77], p = 2.27 × 10^-8) and forms a risk haplotype with 3'-end SNPs predicted as miRNA binding sites. The likely causal SNP, rs702344, strengthens miRNA binding (hsa-miR-216a: score 151, ΔG = - 19.64 kcal/mol; hsa-miR-485-5p: score 157, ΔG = - 22.36 kcal/mol), suppressing SAMD5 expression. eQTL data from GTEx (NES = - 0.72, p = 2.79 × 10^-52) and eQTLGen (Z = 6.16, p = 6.59 × 10^-6) supported this model. Lower SAMD5 expression was observed among chronologically aged individuals (GEO GSE200002, logFC = - 0.639, adj. p = 7.57 × 10^-3) and in untreated photo-aged dermal fibroblasts relative to retinoid-treated ones (GEO GSE294121, adj. p = 3.00 × 10^-2). SAMD5 promotes melanogenesis and UV protection; t-allele carriers showed 1.6-fold higher odds of melanin-poor burning skin types (95% CI 1.11-2.28; p = 0.012). Regular Sun exposure increased odds of nasolabial folds 1.26-fold (95% CI 1.08-1.46; p = 0.0028), whereas melanin-rich tanning skin types reduced the odds (AOR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.47-0.98; p = 0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support a model where rs702344 enhances miRNA binding, downregulates SAMD5, reduces melanogenesis, and promotes nasolabial folds in Sun-exposed young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147322273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social skills moderate pain sensitivity during acute psychosocial stress: an experimental study using the Trier Social Stress Test.","authors":"Yoichi Tanaka, Nao Uchima, Wakana Ebisu, Yumiko Kawanishi, Riho Yamanaka, Ichika Wakatsuki, Kenta Hashimoto, Yuya Sakaguchi, Tsunehiro Otsuka, Ken Okutani, Daisuke Shimizu","doi":"10.1186/s40101-026-00425-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-026-00425-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines whether acute psychosocial stress induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) alters pressure pain threshold (PPT) in healthy university students. Furthermore, we investigated how overall social skills and its subscales relate to stress-induced changes in PPT and whether trait anxiety moderates these relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 34 healthy university students (14 males, 20 females; mean age = 21.2 ± 1.0 years) participated in the study. TSST was used to induce acute psychosocial stress. PPT, subjective stress, and autonomic activity (pulse wave amplitude and length) were assessed at three time points: pre, post, and 10-min recovery. Social skills were measured using the Adult Social Skills Scale, and trait anxiety was assessed using the STAI. Linear mixed-effects and regression models were applied to examine time effects and anxiety's moderating role.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjective stress increased significantly immediately after TSST and returned to near baseline at the 10-min recovery. No significant changes were observed in pulse wave amplitude or length. A linear mixed-effects model revealed no significant main effect of time (F(2, 64) = 0.01, p = .99) or interaction between time and total social skills (F(2, 64) = 0.03, p = .97). A trend-level main effect of total social skills was observed (F(1, 31) = 3.28, p = .08), indicating that higher social skills were associated with greater PPT overall. Regression analyses of subscales revealed that only encoding skill exhibited a trend-level association with pre-to-post PPT change. A subsequent interaction model established a significant moderation by trait anxiety: the protective association of encoding skill with increased PPT was significant among low to average anxiety participants but not among high-anxiety participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with higher social skills, particularly those with effective encoding abilities and lower trait anxiety, exhibited greater pain tolerance under stress, although acute social stress did not produce an overall change in PPT. These findings suggest that social communication competence may serve as a resilience factor in stress-related pain modulation, although elevated anxiety levels may attenuate such benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147311630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short latency afferent inhibition differs with load type during isometric finger abduction.","authors":"Kangjing Yang, Tatsunori Watanabe, Takayuki Horinouchi, Sumi Miyoshi, Jingnan Li, Kazuya Saita, Shota Date, Hikari Kirimoto","doi":"10.1186/s40101-026-00424-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-026-00424-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Static muscle contraction involves two distinct load types. One type, called a position task, entails holding the limb in a fixed position while counteracting an inertial load, while the other type, known as a force task, involves exerting a consistent force against a solid constraint. While proprioceptive information has been shown to be required more during the position task, it has remained to be elucidated how sensorimotor integration differs between these two tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated differences in short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and heteronymous reflex responses between the force and position conditions. Sixteen participants performed static contractions of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. In the force task, they exerted a constant force corresponding to 10% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) against a rigid restraint. In the position task, they sustained a target abduction angle of 20° while holding a load equivalent to 10% MVC. SAI was induced by the paired application of electrical stimulation to the right median nerve and transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left motor cortex at an N20 + 2 ms interval. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the FDI muscle to quantify the magnitude of SAI. Heteronymous short and long latency reflexes (SLR and LLR) were also examined, and their amplitudes were compared between the force and position tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SAI was significantly attenuated in the position task (p < 0.05). Additionally, SLR and LLR amplitudes were significantly greater during position task (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest distinct sensorimotor processing strategies depending on the load type.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of different sports activities on body scheme in preschoolers and primary school children: an experimental and theoretical analysis.","authors":"Mikhail Shestakov, Elena Godina, Tamara Abramova, Alexander Korchagin","doi":"10.1186/s40101-026-00422-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-026-00422-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children are now introduced to sports at an early age, often beginning to learn complex movements between the ages of 3 and 5, which coincides with the formation of a body schema. Active inference theory suggests that the brain uses internal probabilistic models to assess the state of the body, adapting to sensory errors received from various sources. In preschool and primary school children, targeted sports training is thought to improve body awareness. We propose that targeted and prolonged sports training in preschool and primary school children develops specific features of body awareness that reflect the performance requirements of the corresponding sport. MAIN: Our experimental data confirmed age differences in postural oscillations during natural standing in children aged 5-9 years (n = 692) who were engaged in various sports, with similar data obtained by other researchers on a contingent of children not involved in sports. The studied parameters of athletes after 7 years were significantly different from those of younger children: radius (p < 0.001) and speed (p < 0.0001) of COP oscillations. The developed control model based on the active inference theory allowed identifying the body scheme as an internal cause explaining the experimental data in 8-year-old athletes with at least 3 years of experience: gymnasts have an inaccurate body scheme caused by errors in predicting the sensory effects of posture, which are compensated by motor hypercorrections; the body scheme of the team players is distinguished by balanced data from sensory sources; the inert body pattern of skiers is characterized by insufficiently accurate prediction of changes in movement conditions, which leads to energy-consuming corrections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results show that the development of body schema in preschool-aged and primary school-aged children is closely related to multisensory integration and the specificity of the actions used in systematic sports. The model experiment demonstrated that practicing a certain sport forms the appropriate proportions between the modalities, determining the features of the internal body scheme of athletes of different specializations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12997660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in prevalence arising from reference values for physiological and laboratory measurements used in studies of Tibetan highlanders and differences in study populations between the two studies.","authors":"Hiroaki Arima, Sweta Koirala, Takayuki Nishimura","doi":"10.1186/s40101-026-00421-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-026-00421-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted an epidemiological study of Tibetan highlanders in Tsarang Village, Mustang District, Nepal, and reported the findings in Arima et al. (Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 43:25, 2024). Subsequently, Sienna R. Craig and colleagues, who have conducted long-term research in the same region, published a commentary on our study, providing an opportunity for further scholarly discussion. In their commentary, Craig et al. highlighted differences between our study and theirs in the reference values used for disease classification, as well as the limited explanation provided in our article regarding the rationale for selecting these values. They further noted that these differences may have contributed to discrepancies in the summary and interpretation of population health indicators between the two studies. In this commentary, we seek to clarify the background and rationale underlying the reference values and analytical choices adopted in our study, and to discuss how differences in study design and population characteristics may influence prevalence estimates and interpretations of health status. Through this discussion, we aim to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of health assessment among Tibetan highlanders living at high altitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":48730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"45 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12869975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}