Journal of Synchrotron Radiation最新文献

{"title":"MHz X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using an acoustic levitator at the European XFEL.","authors":"Wonhyuk Jo, Johannes Möller, Jörg Hallmann, James Wrigley, Jan Etienne Pudell, Ulrike Boesenberg, Felix Brausse, Angel Rodriguez-Fernandez, Alexey Zozulya, Roman Shayduk, Anders Madsen","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525002875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525002875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The structural and dynamical properties of soft-matter systems play an important role in crystallization and nucleation theory. Despite their significance, the dynamical properties are still poorly understood because of experimental constraints and the requirement of performing measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we demonstrate MHz X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) using a contactless sample holder at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser. A millimetre-sized liquid sample droplet was levitated in air via acoustic waves with the solvent slowly evaporating. A colloidal suspension of silica nanospheres was used to track the structural evolutions using small-angle X-ray scattering, and the dynamical information was captured by time-resolved MHz XPCS as a function of evaporation time. This study outlines a new path towards the investigation of metastable structure and dynamics using X-ray speckle techniques, for instance, XPCS, X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy and X-ray cross-correlation analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":"32 Pt 3","pages":"669-677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The macromolecular crystallography beamlines of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin at the BESSY II storage ring: history, current status and future directions.","authors":"Uwe Mueller, Tatjana Barthel, Laila S Benz, Volodymyr Bon, Thomas Crosskey, Camilla Genter Dieguez, Ronald Förster, Christine Gless, Thomas Hauß, Udo Heinemann, Michael Hellmig, David James, Frank Lennartz, Melanie Oelker, Ruslan Ovsyannikov, Parinita Singh, Markus C Wahl, Gert Weber, Manfred S Weiss","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525001110","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525001110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2003, the Macromolecular Crystallography (MX) group at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) has been operating three MX beamlines at the BESSY II storage ring in Berlin. These beamlines were established to support the emerging structural genomics initiatives founded in Germany, Europe, and overseas around the turn of the century. Over the past two decades, these beamlines have been continuously developed to enable state-of-the-art diffraction experiments and to provide supporting facilities such as a sample preparation laboratory, a spectroscopy laboratory, a Biosafety Level 1 laboratory and all necessary computing resources for the MX and chemical crystallography user community. Currently, more than 100 independent research groups from the greater Berlin area, Germany, and Europe utilize these beamlines. Over time, more than 4500 Protein Data Bank depositions have been accrued based on data collected at the beamlines. This paper presents historical aspects of the beamlines, their current status including their research output, and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"766-778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution in situ characterization of laser powder bed fusion via transmission X-ray microscopy at X-ray free-electron lasers.","authors":"Zane Taylor, Tharun Reddy, Lichao Fang, Patrick Oppermann, Patrick L Kramer, Franz Josef Decker, Matthew Seaberg, Matthieu Chollet, Tim van Driel, Alex Halavanau, Philip Hart, Matthew Dayton, Frank Seiboth, Wenxin Wang, Carolyn Gee, Abigail Wilson, Rachel Margraf-O'Neal, Gourab Chatterjee, Ying Chen, Ilana J P Molesky, Yifan Wang, Sara Irvine, Jade Stanton, Cynthia Melendrez, Kelsey Banta, Silke Nelson, Vivek Thampy, Kento Katagiri, Morten Haubro, Sen Liu, Dayeeta Pal, Lauren Moghimi, Christopher Tassone, Leora Dresselhaus-Marais","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525001675","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525001675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we describe the instrumentation used to perform the first operando transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) and simultaneous X-ray diffraction of laser melting simulating laser powder bed fusion on the XCS instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). Our TXM with 40× magnification in the X-ray regime at 11 keV gave spatial resolutions down to 940 nm per line pair, with effective pixel sizes down to 206 nm, image integration times of <100 fs, and frame rates tunable between 2.1 and 119 ns for two probe frames (0.48 GHz to 8.4 MHz). Images were recorded on Zyla and Icarus (UXI) detectors to trade off between spatial resolution and time dynamics. A 1 kW CW IR laser was coupled into the interaction point to conduct pump-probe studies of laser melting and solidification dynamics. Our temporal and spatial resolution with attenuation-based contrast exceeds that currently possible with synchrotron-based high-speed radiography. This system was sensitive to feature velocities of 10-12000 m s^-1 but we did not observe any motion in this range in the laser melting of Al6061 alloy. Shockwaves were not observed and hot cracking proceeded at velocities below the detection limits. Pore accumulation was observed between successive shots, indicating that bubble escape mechanisms were not active. With proper experimental design, the spatial resolution, contrast and field of view could be further improved or modified. The increased brightness and narrower bandwidth of the XFEL allowed for this imaging technique and it lays the groundwork for a wide range of operando techniques to study additive manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"524-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present and future structural biology activities at DESY and the European XFEL. Erratum.","authors":"Dominik Oberthür, Johanna Hakanpää, Spyros Chatziefthymiou, Guilllaume Pompidor, Richard Bean, Henry N Chapman, Edgar Weckert","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525003728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525003728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A correction in the paper by Oberthür et al. [(2025). J. Synchrotron Rad. 32, 474-485] is made.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":"32 Pt 3","pages":"837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural dependency of polymer dynamics by means of small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering on the D2AM beamline.","authors":"Grégory Stoclet, Duncan Schwaller, Romain Garlet, Frédéric Livet, Gilbert A Chahine, Nils Blanc, Maxime Dupraz","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525001626","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525001626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) has become a pivotal technique for exploring nanoscale dynamic phenomena across various materials, facilitated by advancements in synchrotron radiation sources and beamline upgrades. The recent Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) upgrade at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, has notably improved brilliance and coherence length, thereby enhancing the capabilities of XPCS and related techniques. Here, we present a dedicated setup on the D2AM beamline at the ESRF, enabling simultaneous XPCS and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The setup developed and its performance are detailed in the first part. Then, the XPCS capabilities are evaluated by studying polymer-based materials, with particular attention to the effects of temperature, crystallinity and macromolecular orientation on polymer dynamics. The study on the influence of temperature revealed that XPCS in the case of entangled polymers is an efficient technique to probe the dynamics of the macromolecular network, complementary to classical spectroscopy techniques. In addition, in situ measurements during the polymer crystallization revealed that increased crystallinity slows down macromolecular dynamics. Conversely, studies on stretched samples indicate that macromolecular orientation accelerates these dynamics. This work represents a novel investigation into the effect of crystallinity on macromolecular dynamics using XPCS, opening new avenues for research in polymer science.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"649-660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of portable nanofocusing optics for X-ray free-electron laser pulses.","authors":"Yuichi Inubushi, Gota Yamaguchi, Jumpei Yamada, Yuya Kubota, Ichiro Inoue, Taito Osaka, Toshinori Yabuuchi, Kensuke Tono, Makina Yabashi","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525002279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525002279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the development of a portable and compact nanofocusing system utilizing Kirkpatrick-Baez optics for X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). The system has a total length of merely 340 mm from the initial elliptical mirror to the focal point. With this setup, we achieve focusing capabilities reaching dimensions as small as 150 nm horizontally and 220 nm vertically, resulting in an intense beam with an intensity of 2.5 × 10¹⁹ W cm^-2 for a 10 keV XFEL with a pulse energy of 110 µJ. As a demonstration of its applicability in X-ray nonlinear optics, we successfully observed an 8.64 keV Zn Kα laser by irradiating a Zn foil with the focused XFEL beam. The attained photon energy is currently the highest photon energy for amplified spontaneous emission via bound-bound transitions of electrons in the world. We anticipate that this portable and compact nanofocusing system will pave the way for new frontiers in X-ray nonlinear optics and high-energy density science, owing to its adaptability to various experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":"32 Pt 3","pages":"534-538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a time-delay-compensated monochromator for the ARPES endstation at S³FEL.","authors":"Zhenjiang Xing, Chuan Yang, Qinming Li, Kai Hu, Ye Zhu, Chen Wu, Chenggong Zhang, Weiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525002139","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525002139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The preliminary design and expected performance for the Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) branchline at Shenzhen Superconducting Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (S³FEL) is presented. A time-delay-compensated monochromator (TDCM) in symmetric layout has been designed for spectral selection and pulse duration preservation. The TDCM is optimized using the six-dimensional K-matrix method and a start-to-end simulation of the beamline system using Fourier optics was performed. Numerical estimations indicate that the TDCM can achieve a time-bandwidth product approaching the Fourier-transform limit.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"792-801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air artifact suppression in phase contrast micro-CT using conditional generative adversarial networks.","authors":"Md Motiur Rahman Sagar, Lorenzo D'Amico, Elena Longo, Irma Mahmutovic Persson, Richard Deyhle, Giuliana Tromba, Sam Bayat, Frauke Alves, Christian Dullin","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525001511","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525001511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3D virtual histology of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue by means of phase contrast micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an increasingly popular technique, as it allows the 3D architecture of the tissue to be addressed without the need of additional heavy ion based staining approaches. Therefore, it can be applied on archived standard FFPE tissue blocks. However, one of the major concerns of using phase contrast micro-CT in combination with FFPE tissue blocks is the trapped air within the tissue. While air inclusion within the FFPE tissue block does not strongly impact the workflow and quality of classical histology, it creates serious obstacles in 3D visualization of detailed morphology. In particular, the 3D analysis of structural features is challenging, due to a strong edge effect caused by the phase shift at the air-tissue/paraffin interface. Despite certain improvements in sample preparation to eliminate air inclusion, such as the use of negative pressure, it is not always possible to remove all trapped air, for example in soft tissues such as lung. Here, we present a novel workflow based on conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) to effectively replace these air artifact regions with generated tissue, which are influenced by the surrounding content. Our results show that this approach not only improves the visualization of the lung tissue but also eases the use of structural analysis on the air artifact-suppressed phase contrast micro-CT scans. In addition, we demonstrate the transferability of the generative model to FFPE specimens of porcine lung tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"678-689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing synchrotron radiation micro-CT images using deep learning: an application of Noise2Inverse on bone imaging.","authors":"Yoshihiro Obata, Dilworth Y Parkinson, Daniël M Pelt, Claire Acevedo","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525001833","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525001833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In bone-imaging research, in situ synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRµCT) mechanical tests are used to investigate the mechanical properties of bone in relation to its microstructure. Low-dose computed tomography (CT) is used to preserve bone's mechanical properties from radiation damage, though it increases noise. To reduce this noise, the self-supervised deep learning method Noise2Inverse was used on low-dose SRµCT images where segmentation using traditional thresholding techniques was not possible. Simulated-dose datasets were created by sampling projection data at full, one-half, one-third, one-fourth and one-sixth frequencies of an in situ SRµCT mechanical test. After convolutional neural networks were trained, Noise2Inverse performance on all dose simulations was assessed visually and by analyzing bone microstructural features. Visually, high image quality was recovered for each simulated dose. Lacunae volume, lacunae aspect ratio and mineralization distributions shifted slightly in full, one-half and one-third dose network results, but were distorted in one-fourth and one-sixth dose network results. Following this, new models were trained using a larger dataset to determine differences between full dose and one-third dose simulations. Significant changes were found for all parameters of bone microstructure, indicating that a separate validation scan may be necessary to apply this technique for microstructure quantification. Noise present during data acquisition from the testing setup was determined to be the primary source of concern for Noise2Inverse viability. While these limitations exist, incorporating dose calculations and optimal imaging parameters enables self-supervised deep learning methods such as Noise2Inverse to be integrated into existing experiments to decrease radiation dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"690-699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macromolecular crystallography and biology at the Linac Coherent Light Source.","authors":"Sandra Mous, Mark S Hunter, Frédéric Poitevin, Sébastien Boutet, Leland B Gee","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525002735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525002735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) has significantly impacted the field of biology by providing advanced capabilities for probing the structure and dynamics of biological molecules with high precision. The ultrashort coherent X-ray pulses from the LCLS have enabled ultrafast, time-resolved, serial femtosecond crystallography that is inaccessible at conventional synchrotron light sources. Since the facility's founding, scientists have captured detailed insights into biological processes at atomic resolution and fundamental timescales. The ability to observe these processes in real time and under conditions closely resembling their natural state is transforming our approach to studying biochemical mechanisms and developing new medical and energy applications. This work recounts some of the history of the LCLS, advances in biological research enabled by the LCLS, key biological areas that have been impacted and how the LCLS has helped to unravel complex biological phenomena in these fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":"32 Pt 3","pages":"548-566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}