Journal of Synchrotron Radiation最新文献

{"title":"The Heisenberg-RIXS instrument at the European XFEL.","authors":"Justine Schlappa, Giacomo Ghiringhelli, Benjamin E Van Kuiken, Martin Teichmann, Piter S Miedema, Jan Torben Delitz, Natalia Gerasimova, Serguei Molodtsov, Luigi Adriano, Bernard Baranasic, Carsten Broers, Robert Carley, Patrick Gessler, Nahid Ghodrati, David Hickin, Le Phuong Hoang, Manuel Izquierdo, Laurent Mercadier, Giuseppe Mercurio, Sergii Parchenko, Marijan Stupar, Zhong Yin, Leonardo Martinelli, Giacomo Merzoni, Ying Ying Peng, Torben Reuss, Sreeju Sreekantan Nair Lalithambika, Simone Techert, Tim Laarmann, Simo Huotari, Christian Schroeter, Burkhard Langer, Tatjana Giessel, Jana Buchheim, Grzegorz Gwalt, Andrey Sokolov, Frank Siewert, Robby Buechner, Vinicius Vaz da Cruz, Sebastian Eckert, Chun Yu Liu, Christian Sohrt, Christian Weniger, Annette Pietzsch, Stefan Neppl, Friedmar Senf, Andreas Scherz, Alexander Föhlisch","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524010890","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524010890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is an ideal X-ray spectroscopy method to push the combination of energy and time resolutions to the Fourier transform ultimate limit, because it is unaffected by the core-hole lifetime energy broadening. Also, in pump-probe experiments the interaction time is made very short by the same core-hole lifetime. RIXS is very photon hungry so it takes great advantage from high-repetition-rate pulsed X-ray sources like the European XFEL. The Heisenberg RIXS instrument is designed for RIXS experiments in the soft X-ray range with energy resolution approaching the Fourier and the Heisenberg limits. It is based on a spherical grating with variable line spacing and a position-sensitive 2D detector. Initially, two gratings were installed to adequately cover the whole photon energy range. With optimized spot size on the sample and small pixel detector the energy resolution can be better than 40 meV (90 meV) at any photon energy below 1000 eV with the high-resolution (high-transmission) grating. At the SCS instrument of the European XFEL the spectrometer can be easily positioned thanks to air pads on a high-quality floor, allowing the scattering angle to be continuously adjusted over the 65-145° range. It can be coupled to two different sample interaction chambers, one for liquid jets and one for solids, each state-of-the-art equipped and compatible for optical laser pumping in collinear geometry. The measured performances, in terms of energy resolution and count rate on the detector, closely match design expectations. The Heisenberg RIXS instrument has been open to public users since the summer of 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"29-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PGMweb: an online tool for visualizing the X-ray beam path through plane grating monochromators.","authors":"Patrick Yuheng Wang, Murilo Bazan da Silva, Matthew Hand, Hongchang Wang, Peter Chang, Victoria Beilsten-Edmands, Timur K Kim, Tien Lin Lee, Kawal Sawhney, Andrew C Walters","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524011603","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524011603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present here a newly developed software tool (called PGMweb) for computing and simulating the X-ray beam path through a plane grating monochromator (PGM), a key component in soft X-ray beamlines at modern synchrotron and free-electron laser facilities. A historical overview of the development of PGMs is presented, with special attention dedicated to the collimated PGM optical scheme found at several X-ray facilities worldwide. The analytical expressions that fully describe the geometry of a PGM are derived and have been implemented as functions in a Python library (pyplanemono). PGMweb is distributed as a web-based application that can be run in any modern browser without installation, making its use very straightforward for X-ray beamline designers and beamline scientists alike.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate measurements of slice electron beam parameters at the undulator in seeded free-electron lasers.","authors":"Enrico Allaria, Paolo Cinquegrana, Miltcho B Danailov, Eugenio Ferrari, Fabian Pannek, Giuseppe Penco, Eleonore Roussel, Carlo Spezzani","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524011585","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524011585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The operation of modern free-electron lasers (FELs) necessitates precise knowledge of electron beam properties at the undulator to ensure the level of control required by increasingly demanding experiments. In seeded FELs, where only electrons interacting with the seed laser contribute to the process, it is crucial to determine the local values of these properties. We present a novel method, based on accurate modeling of the FEL process in high-gain harmonic generation, to accurately retrieve the electron beam slice energy spread, current and laser-induced energy modulation. Understanding these values is essential for enabling advanced FEL schemes and optimally setting advanced seeding schemes such as echo-enabled harmonic generation. We describe the method and provide an experimental application to the FERMI FEL-1, where a slice energy spread in the range 40-100 keV with a few keV accuracy is measured.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"72-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shedding light on biochemical changes in single neuron-like pheochromocytoma cells following exposure to synchrotron sourced terahertz radiation using synchrotron source Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy.","authors":"Palalle G Tharushi Perera, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Denver Linklater, Zoltan Vilagosh, Dominique Appadoo, The Hong Phong Nguyen, Mark J Tobin, Rodney Croft, Elena P Ivanova","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524010944","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524010944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synchrotron sourced Fourier transform infrared (SS FTIR) microspectroscopy was employed to investigate the biological effects on the neuron-like pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells after exposure to synchrotron sourced terahertz (SS THz) radiation. Over 10 min of exposure, the PC 12 cells received a total energy of 600 J m², with a total incident power density of ∼1.0 W m^-2 (0.10 mW cm^-2) at the beam extraction port (BEP) of the THz beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. To investigate the metabolic response of PC 12 cells after synchrotron THz radiation exposure, we utilized the FTIR microscope at the Infrared Microspectroscopy IRM beamline, which offers high photon flux and diffraction-limited spatial resolution enabling the detection of functional group variations in biological molecules at a single-cell level. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the SS FTIR spectral data revealed a distinct separation of SS THz-exposed and control (non-exposed) cells. According to the PCA loadings, the key changes in the exposed cells involved lipid and protein compositions as indicated by the stretching vibrations of CH₂/CH₃ groups and amide I/II bands, respectively. An increase in lipids, such as cholesterol, or notable changes in their compositions and in some protein secondary structures were observed in the SS THz-exposed cells. The PCA analysis further suggests that PC 12 cells might maintain cell membrane stability after SS THz irradiation through higher volumes of cholesterol and cell morphology via regulation of the synthesis of cytoskeleton proteins such as actin-related proteins. The outcome of this study re-emphasized the exceptional SS FTIR capability to perform single-cell analysis directly, providing (i) unique biological information on cell variability within the population as well as between different groups, and (ii) evidence of molecular changes in the exposed cells that could lead to a deeper understanding of the effect of THz exposure at a single-cell level.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization of four-dimensional X-ray absorption fine structure data using a virtual reality system.","authors":"Haruo Igarashi, Daiki Kido, Yutaka Ishii, Yasuhiro Niwa, Atsushi Okamoto, Masao Kimura","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524011226","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524011226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-ray spectromicroscopy is extensively utilized for nondestructive mapping of chemical states in materials. However, understanding and analyzing the geometric and topological aspects of such data pose challenges due to their representation in 4D space, encompassing (x, y, z) coordinates along with the energy (E) axis and often extending to 5D space with the inclusion of time (t) or reaction degree. In this study, we addressed this challenge by developing a new approach and introducing a device named `4D-XASView', specifically designed for visualizing X-ray absorption fine structures (XAFS) data in 4D (comprising 3D space and energy), through a multi-projection system, within the virtual reality (VR) environment. As a test case for the new system, X-ray spectromicroscopy measurements were conducted on a specimen prepared from serpentinized harzburgite sourced from the upper mantle section of the Oman ophiolite. Our 4D-XASView facilitates the visualization and analysis of the geometric and topological aspects of the data using VR goggles, enabling detailed exploration of microstructures via rotation and zooming functionalities. This capability allows us to extract XAFS spectral data by selecting specific positions and regions, thereby aiding in the identification of `trigger sites' (magnetite in serpentine), which are characteristic locations within materials that substantially influence the macroscopic propagation of reactions. Our methodology establishes a new platform for analyzing 4D or 5D XAFS data that has applicability potential in various other multidimensional datasets, including microstructures coupled with spectroscopy and diffraction data.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution imaging of organic and inorganic nanoparticles at nanometre-scale resolution by X-ray ensemble diffraction microscopy.","authors":"Ning Jung Chen, Chia Hui Yeh, Huai Yu Cao, Nai Chi Chen, Chun Jung Chen, Chun Yu Chen, Yi Wei Tsai, Jhih Min Lin, Yu Shan Huang, Chien Nan Hsiao, Chien Chun Chen","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524010567","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524010567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coherent diffraction microscopy (CDM) is a robust direct imaging method due to its unique 2D/3D phase retrieval capacity. Nonetheless, its resolution faces limitations due to a diminished signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in high-frequency regions. Addressing this challenge, X-ray ensemble diffraction microscopy (XEDM) emerges as a viable solution, ensuring an adequate SNR in high-frequency regions and effectively surmounting resolution constraints. In this article, two experiments were conducted to underscore XEDM's superior spatial resolution capabilities. These experiments employed 55 nm-sized silicon-gold nanoparticles (NPs) and 19 nm-sized nodavirus-like particles (NV-LPs) on the coherent X-ray scattering beamline of the Taiwan Photon Source. The core-shell density distribution of the silicon-gold NPs was successfully obtained with a radial resolution of 3.4 nm per pixel, while NV-LPs in solution were reconstructed at a radial resolution of 1.3 nm per pixel. The structural information was directly retrieved from the diffraction intensities without prior knowledge and was subsequently confirmed through transmission electron microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-segment cooling design of a reflection mirror based on the finite-element method.","authors":"Zhen Wang, Yajun Tong, Fang Liu, Chaofan Xue, Limin Jin, Zhi Liu","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524009664","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524009664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-repetition-rate free-electron lasers impose stringent requirements on thermal deformations of optics in the beamline. The Shanghai HIgh-repetition-rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility (SHINE) experiences high average thermal power and demands wavefront preservation. To effectively manage thermal deformation in the first reflection mirrors M1, we optimized the cooling length and position of the cooling groove with numerical calculations. For example, the root mean square of the height error of the thermal deformation of the mirror at a photon energy of 900 eV was optimized, resulting in a 12.7× reduction, from 13.76 nm to 1.08 nm. This optimized design also eliminated stray light in the focus spot at the sample and resulted in a 177% increase in the peak intensity of the beam's focus spot at the sample, from 3.08 × 10⁵ to 8.53 × 10⁵. The multi-segment cooling design of the mirror advanced the quality of the beam's focus spot at the sample and ensured the stable operation of SHINE under high repetition rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffractometer for element-specific analysis on local structures using a combination of X-ray fluorescence holography and anomalous X-ray scattering.","authors":"Hiroo Tajiri, Shinji Kohara, Koji Kimura, Sekhar Halubai, Haruto Morimoto, Naohisa Happo, Jens R Stellhorn, Yohei Onodera, Xvsheng Qiao, Daisuke Urushihara, Peidong Hu, Toru Wakihara, Toyohiko Kinoshita, Koichi Hayashi","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524011366","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524011366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To tackle disorder in crystals and short- and intermediate-range order in amorphous materials, such as glass, we developed a carry-in diffractometer to utilise X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) and anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS), facilitating element-specific analyses with atomic resolution using the wavelength tunability of a synchrotron X-ray source. Our diffractometer unifies XFH and AXS configurations to determine the crystal orientation via diffractometry. In particular, XFH was realised even for a crystal with blurred emission lines by a standing wave in a hologram, and high-throughput AXS with sufficient count statistics and energy resolution was achieved using three multi-array detectors with crystal analysers. These features increase tractable targets by XFH and AXS, which have novel functionalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3DCryoHolder: a new open access 3D printable system to store and transport silicon nitride membranes under cryogenic conditions for spectromicroscopy at low temperature.","authors":"Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro, Carlos Sanchez-Cano","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524010919","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524010919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data acquisition under cryogenic conditions allows one to avoid unwanted damage caused by beam irradiation. This is particularly important for the study of biological samples at hard X-ray, micro- or nano-probe beamlines, which focus synchrotron radiation to small beam sizes with extremely high flux densities. Sample preparation methods for cryopreserved specimens have been adapted from electron microscopy, and include the use of silicon nitride membranes as they are easy to handle and possess low X-ray absorption. Yet, currently there are no commercially available methods for the storage and transport of silicon nitride membranes under cryogenic conditions. Here, we introduce and provide the design files of 3DCryoHolder, a system that can be 3D printed in-house for the correct storage and transport of multiple silicon nitride membranes under cryogenic conditions, and is compatible with all commercial plunge-freezing instruments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal deformation compensation scheme to the sub-nanometre level of a piezoelectric offset mirror for MHz repetition rate free-electron laser.","authors":"Baoning Sun, Qinming Li, Chuan Yang, Kai Hu, Zhongmin Xu, Xiaohao Dong, Weiqing Zhang, Xueming Yang","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524011469","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577524011469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free-electron laser (FEL) facilities operating at MHz repetition rates can emit lasers with average powers reaching hundreds of watts. Partial absorption of this power induces thermal deformation of a few micrometres on the mirror surface. Such deformation degrades the characteristics of the reflected photon beam, leading to focal spot aberrations and wavefront distortions that fail to meet experimental requirements. A robust method is necessary to correct the mirror surface shape to meet the Maréchal criterion. This paper proposes a thermal deformation compensation scheme for offset mirrors operating at MHz repetition rates using a piezoelectric deformable mirror. The mirror is side-mounted with slots filled with an indium-gallium alloy, which house copper tubes for water cooling. Eighteen groups of piezo actuators are symmetrically attached to the top and bottom surfaces. The scheme incorporates finite-element analysis for simulation and post-processing verification, utilizing a differential evolution (DE) algorithm for global optimization. The DE algorithm effectively addresses the voltage constraints that the traditional singular value decomposition algorithm cannot handle. Under an X-ray wavelength of 1 nm, the peak-to-valley (PV) height error of the mirror was reduced from 1340.8 nm to 1.1 nm, and the root-mean-square (RMS) height error decreased from 859.1 nm to 0.18 nm. The slope error was corrected to 154 nrad PV and 24 nrad RMS. Significant results were also achieved at an X-ray wavelength of 3 nm. Wave-optics simulations verified the reliability of this approach, and effects on key mirror parameters and conditions were systematically analysed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"46-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}