Biodegradation最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing sulfur-based denitrification with natural zeolite: performance under autotrophic and mixotrophic operation","authors":"Diana Yánez,&nbsp;Javiera Manterola,&nbsp;Lorna Guerrero,&nbsp;Felipe A. Carreño-López,&nbsp;César Huiliñir","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10352-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10352-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the influence of natural zeolite on sulfur-based denitrification was evaluated through batch assays and parallel up-flow packed-bed biofilters operated under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Reactors containing elemental sulfur alone and sulfur co-packed with natural zeolite were operated at nitrogen loading rates ranging from 1.08 to 12.87 mg N L⁻¹ h⁻¹. During the mixotrophic stages, methanol was added as the organic carbon source to both up-flow packed-bed biofilters, one packed with elemental sulfur (S⁰) alone and the other with a mixture of S⁰ and natural zeolite, to achieve C/N ratios ranging from 0.9 to 2.85. In batch experiments, the addition of zeolite enhanced autotrophic denitrification kinetics, increasing specific nitrate removal rates from 27–32 to 31–39 mg NO₃⁻-N g⁻¹ VSS d⁻¹, while significantly reducing nitrite accumulation. In continuous reactors, zeolite showed limited influence at moderate nitrogen loading rates (NLRs) but substantially improved reactor performance at higher NLRs, maintaining nitrate removal efficiencies up to 87.3% at 12.87 mg N L⁻¹ h⁻¹, compared to 71.9% in the sulfur-only reactor. Under mixotrophic conditions, the sulfur-zeolite reactor consistently achieved higher nitrate removal efficiencies (94.5–99.3%) and lower effluent nitrate and nitrite concentrations than the control system. These results demonstrate that natural zeolite enhanced the system’s robustness under high NLR and improved performance under mixotrophic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae-mediated removal and biodegradation of indoor volatile organic compounds: mechanisms, performance metrics, and engineering constraints","authors":"Na Li,&nbsp;Can Wang,&nbsp;Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanfan Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10349-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10349-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) require treatment technologies that remain effective at low concentrations and high airflow rates without generating persistent secondary waste. This structured narrative review evaluates VOC removal by microalgae and algal–bacterial consortia using an evidence hierarchy that distinguishes direct gas-phase studies, gas–liquid reactor studies, and aqueous mechanistic studies. Formaldehyde and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are identified as the principal indoor VOC targets, whereas studies on phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other aqueous organic contaminants are considered mainly as mechanistic evidence. Direct evidence at indoor-relevant gas-phase concentrations remains scarce, and removal efficiencies obtained from liquid batch cultures cannot be extrapolated to indoor air without considering gas–liquid partitioning, biomass loading, reactor configuration, airflow, and abiotic losses. Quantitative comparison is further limited by inconsistent units, inadequate controls, incomplete carbon balances, and insufficient data on energy demand, byproducts, long-term stability, and bioaerosol containment. Future studies should therefore report standardized performance indicators and verify mineralization through mass-balance or isotope-based approaches. Current evidence supports microalgal systems primarily as application-specific biological polishing processes rather than established replacements for conventional air-cleaning technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated nitrate bioremediation and microbial risk mitigation using Bacillus pacificus","authors":"Nitish Venkateswarlu Mogili,&nbsp;Dhruv Yogeshkumar Rana,&nbsp;Sainikesh Padmanabhuni,&nbsp;Venkata Sai Gundlapally,&nbsp;Vaibhav Singh,&nbsp;Munnangi Jason Harshith,&nbsp;Mood Narasimha Rao,&nbsp;Juhi Saxena","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10348-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10348-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The release of nitrate-rich effluents and pathogens from domestic and industrial sources into drinking water sources poses a significant environmental and public health challenge. The present study evaluates the multifunctional potential of the Gram-positive bacterium <i>Bacillus pacificus</i> (Accession No. PV206819) as a sustainable bioagent for nitrate remediation and antimicrobial risk reduction within a circular bioeconomy framework. The nitrate removal efficiency corresponds to 65.8% at 27 °C and 85.7% at 37 °C, respectively. Transient accumulation of nitrite ions indicates the probable occurrence of the heterotrophic denitrification pathway. The application of bacteria for the denitrification of fertilizer wastewater resulted in a nitrate removal efficiency of 67%. To promote resource recovery, biomass recovered after treatment was utilized for the green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (B–Ag₂ONPs). The biosynthesized nanoparticles have unique surface plasmon resonance and were roughly spherical, polydisperse, and 15–20 nm in size. DLS measurement showed a size of 35.74 nm, and the surface charge was −2.17 mV. FTIR analyses confirmed the role of biological functional groups involved in capping and synthesis. B–Ag₂ONPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against a Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i> ATCC 25922) indicator microorganism with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 17.52 mg/L. Phytotoxicity assessment indicated reduced toxicity of treated wastewater on wheat seeds (<i>Triticum aestivum L.)</i>. Overall, this integrated bioprocess offers a sustainable solution for nitrate and microbial contamination, supporting environmental protection and public health in line with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) and SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil biodegradation of virgin and recycled cotton and PET based fabrics: physicochemical and biological assessment","authors":"Yaşar Erayman Yüksel,&nbsp;Yasemin Korkmaz","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10343-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10343-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With increasing waste generation and environmental concerns in textiles, biodegradability is considered one of the most important waste management strategies. The biodegradability behavior of textile products made from virgin materials has been extensively studied. Although it is known that recycled textile products provide significant environmental benefits, whether these materials have created a change in terms of biodegradability is still a subject of interest. Biodegradation of woven fabrics made of virgin cotton (CO)/recycled cotton (r-CO) fibers, recycled polyester (r-PET)/r-CO fiber blends, 100% r-PET fibers and their virgin counterparts, (100% CO and 100% virgin polyester (PET)) fibers were investigated in soil for 1-, 4- and 7- month soil burial periods. Biodegradability properties were determined by weight loss analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and microorganism and organic carbon analyses. According to the results of the study, fabrics made from 100% CO and CO/r-CO fibers exhibited degradation rate of 93—95% after 1 month and complete degradation after 4 months. While biodegradation occurred depending on the r-CO ratio in the structure for fabrics produced from r-PET/r-CO fibers, no degradation was observed for 100% PET and 100% r-PET fabrics after 1, 4, and 7 months. It was concluded that recycled fibers in the structure exhibited similar degradation behavior to their virgin counterparts. Furthermore, SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed the weight loss results. The results of total bacteria, yeast-mold, and organic carbon analyses showed different trends depending on the soil burial periods and biodegradability of the samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gypsum-based idol immersion waste as a novel additive for improved heavy metal immobilization during in-vessel composting of organic waste","authors":"Shubham More,&nbsp;Sonam Paliya,&nbsp;Ashootosh Mandpe","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10346-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10346-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Idol immersion waste (IIW) generated during Indian festivals is an emerging source of aquatic pollution due to heavy metals released from gypsum-based idols and synthetic pigments. This study investigated laboratory-scale in-vessel composting as a circular strategy for detoxification and resource recovery of IIW. Six bioreactors containing food waste, garden waste, cow manure, biochar, and varying gypsum proportions were operated for 30 days. ICP-OES analysis identified elevated Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in idol-derived residues. Sequential extraction revealed progressive transformation of metals from labile fractions to stable oxidizable and residual forms, indicating effective immobilization. Near-complete stabilization of Pb, Ni, and Hg was achieved their bioavailable fractions and water-soluble concentrations declining below analytical detection limits (immobilization factor 82.8–97.4%) respectively, in optimized treatments. FE-SEM–EDX revealed surface precipitates and metal–calcium co-location consistent with secondary mineral formation and possible co-precipitation. Germination index values (125–344%) and compliance with fertilizer standards demonstrated agronomic safety. The findings establish composting as a scalable pathway for converting hazardous festival waste into value-added organic amendments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the persistent contamination and microbial degradation of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs)","authors":"Fei Yu,&nbsp;Shan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhong Hu","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10345-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10345-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been extensively used as additive flame retardants in building materials, textiles, and electronic equipment for decades. Although HBCDs have been gradually banned from production and application, their continuous release from existing products is expected to persist for more than a century, resulting in long-term environmental concern. Recent studies indicate that regulatory measures have been effective in most regions, yet HBCD contamination remains severe in certain areas, e.g., e-waste recycling zones. The reported half-lives of HBCD biotransformation in environmental media range from several to over 100 days, which are affected by contamination levels, redox potential, pH, and hydrodynamic conditions. Organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) constitute a critical functional group in environmental microbial communities for anaerobic degradation of HBCDs, while the enzymatic and genetic mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Biotransformation of HBCDs by microbial strains and their enzymes has been reported, including <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> HS9, <i>Citrobacter</i> sp. Y3, and <i>Alcanivorax</i> sp. SZ2-4 and the corresponding enzymes CYP168A1, HBCD-hd-1, DadAH, and DadBH. However, several critical questions remain insufficiently addressed, including the stepwise dehalogenation mechanisms of the implicated enzymes and the metabolism of debrominated intermediates. This review summarizes current knowledge on the environmental persistence of HBCDs, microbial community responses to HBCD stress, and microbial degradation of HBCDs. It also identifies major knowledge gaps for future researches, aiming to promote the bioremediation of HBCD contamination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congo Red removal and toxicity reduction by lichen endophytic fungi: A multi-trophic evaluation","authors":"Ozlem Gulmez Aksak,&nbsp;Burak Güçlü,&nbsp;Ebru Gezgincioglu,&nbsp;Buket Bakan,&nbsp;Hatice Dane,&nbsp;Handan Uysal","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10347-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10347-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The discharge of toxic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic dyes, such as Congo Red, commonly used in the food, textile, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, into soil and water represents a major environmental problem that adversely affects ecosystems. Microbial treatment has emerged as a promising strategy for the removal of Congo Red from contaminated environments. In this study, Congo Red removal was evaluated using fungi isolated from lichens inhabiting rocks in extreme environments, and HPLC was used to assess changes in the chromatographic profile following fungal treatment. The toxic effects of untreated and fungal-treated Congo Red solutions were assessed using terrestrial (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> and <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>), aquatic (<i>Daphnia magna</i>), and mammalian (L929 mouse fibroblast cell line) biological models. The highest Congo Red removal efficiencies were achieved with <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, <i>Cladosporium limoniforme</i>, and <i>Fusarium redolens</i>. While untreated Congo Red exhibited pronounced toxic effects, the fungal-treated solutions showed markedly reduced acute toxicity under the tested experimental conditions. Similar results were obtained in the cell culture assays. This study demonstrates that lichen-associated fungi effectively removed Congo Red from the culture medium under the tested conditions, accompanied by a marked reduction in toxicity. However, the relative contributions of biotransformation and biosorption require further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilization Agaricus bisporus laccase via covalent attachment and metal chelate interaction: removal of reactive brown-10 dye","authors":"Gulay Bayramoglu,&nbsp;Omur Celikbicak,&nbsp;Mehmet Yakup Arica","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10344-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10344-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, magnetic microporous microspheres were prepared using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethyleneglycole dimethacrylate (EGDMA) monomers via suspension polymerization method. The MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) microspheres were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, VSM, and BET methods. The MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) microspheres were grafted with the tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) ligand as a cationic ligand, and to serve as a spacer-arm and a chelating group. The TEPA ligand incorporated microspheres were used either in the covalent immobilization of laccase after glutaraldehyde (GA) activation or in the interaction of laccase with metal chelate after the incorporation of Cu(II) ions. The amount of covalently immobilized laccase on the MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-GA microspheres was 28.3 mg/g. The amount of immobilized enzyme via metal chelate interaction on the MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA, and MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-Cu(II) microspheres was 18.9 mg/g and 37.8 mg/g, respectively. The highest laccase activity yield was observed with MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-Cu(II)-Lac, about 69.7%, compared to MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-GA-Lac (52.9%) using syringaldazine as a substrate. The free laccase showed its maximum activity at pH 5.0. The degradation of Reactive Brown-10 (RB-10) dye using the MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-Cu(II)-Lac and MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-GA-Lac microspheres was also studied in the presence of acetosyringone mediator compound, and the degradation performance increased from 64.7% and 93.6%, and from 48.3% to 72.6%, respectively. The MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-Cu(II)-Lac showed 1.6-fold better catalytic activity for RB-10 dye compared to the MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-GA-Lac preparation. Furthermore, the MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-Cu(II)-Lac and MNP@poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-TEPA-GA-Lac showed good reusability, with retained activities of 61% and 73% for RB-10 dye after five degradation cycles, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid treatment of landfill leachate using rotating biological contactors and membrane filtration","authors":"Nima Mahichi,&nbsp;Ghasem Najafpour-Darzi,&nbsp;Morteza Hosseini","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10341-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10341-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel hybrid process combining a 3-stage rotating biological contactor (3-RBC) with a chitosan–PEG-coated polypropylene microfiltration (MF) module was developed and validated for treating leachate generated from a municipal solid waste composting facility in Behshahr (Mazandaran Province, Iran) with a BOD₅/COD ratio of 0.53. At the optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 days, the standalone three-stage RBC achieved 71.8 ± 3.6% COD and 70.4 ± 1.7% ammonia–nitrogen (NH₃-N) removal. Integration of the MF module significantly enhanced overall performance, yielding 74.6 ± 3.1% COD removal, 93.9 ± 0.8% NH₃-N removal (effluent 3.03 ± 0.07 mg/L), and &gt; 99.9% TSS and turbidity reduction, while removing 96.3% Zn, 91.8% Ba, 84.6% Mn, 79.0% Fe, and 62.0% Ca without chemical dosing during operation. The chitosan–PEG coating reduced fiber diameter from 6.91 ± 2.50 µm to 5.16 ± 1.87 µm and maintained stable flux above 25 L/m²·h for over 120 days without chemical cleaning. Mature biofilms exhibited dense cauliflower-like morphology with abundant intracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) storage granules (127.0 ± 43.9 nm). Compared to conventional activated sludge, SBR, MBR, and coagulation-based systems, the hybrid RBC–MF process demonstrated superior ammonia and heavy metal removal, high effluent quality, low energy consumption (~ 0.4 kWh/m³), and operational simplicity. The effluent met Iranian standards for NH₃-N (&lt; 5 mg/L), TSS (&lt; 40 mg/L), and turbidity (&lt; 50 NTU), and EU requirements for NH₃-N (&lt; 10 mg/L) and TSS (&lt; 35 mg/L). However, residual COD (~ 1,500 mg/L) exceeded Iranian (COD &lt; 60 mg/L) and EU (COD &lt; 125 mg/L) discharge limits, indicating the need for tertiary polishing for direct discharge to surface waters. This biological–physical hybrid system offers a low-maintenance, cost-effective solution for sustainable composting leachate treatment, particularly suitable for water-scarce and environmentally sensitive regions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148597359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biofilm detachment modes and mechanisms in porous media","authors":"Haomin Yang,&nbsp;Yangyang Tang,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang,&nbsp;Jiankun Wang,&nbsp;Cong Tao,&nbsp;Xiaoling Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10532-026-10342-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10532-026-10342-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biofilms are widely present in natural and engineered porous media, playing a crucial role in pollution control, resource recovery, and industrial applications; in which, the biofilm detachment induces the dynamic changes in flow paths within porous media, and significantly impact the permeability and hydrodynamic properties of porous media. In this review paper, we first introduce two types of biofilm detachment based on the detaching position: internal detachment occurs within the biofilm far from the flow path, creating a new flow path; and external detachment occurs outside the biofilm near the flow path, causing the flow path to widen. These two types of detachment work together in porous media, often leading to increased permeability and reorganization of flow paths. Then we systematically summarize two kinds of stresses influencing the biofilm detachment: shear stress generated by fluid flow on the biofilm, and cohesive strength inside the biofilm. Shear stress significantly influences biofilm dynamics, including growth, structure, and detachment, and is influenced by the pore structure characteristics of the medium and the physical properties of the biofilm. Biofilm cohesive strength, crucial for stability and adhesion, increases with depth and is influenced by EPS content and composition, pH value, and the presence of metal ions. The interplay between shear stress and cohesive strength determines biofilm stability and detachment, affects biofilm performance in various applications. Therefore, understanding biofilm detachment mechanism can better control and optimize physical and chemical properties of the porous media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":486,"journal":{"name":"Biodegradation","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}