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Annual Review of Vision Science最新文献

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Role of Feedback Connections in Central Visual Processing. 反馈连接在中央视觉加工中的作用。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081716
Farran Briggs
{"title":"Role of Feedback Connections in Central Visual Processing.","authors":"Farran Briggs","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The physiological response properties of neurons in the visual system are inherited mainly from feedforward inputs. Interestingly, feedback inputs often outnumber feedforward inputs. Although they are numerous, feedback connections are weaker, slower, and considered to be modulatory, in contrast to fast, high-efficacy feedforward connections. Accordingly, the functional role of feedback in visual processing has remained a fundamental mystery in vision science. At the core of this mystery are questions about whether feedback circuits regulate spatial receptive field properties versus temporal responses among target neurons, or whether feedback serves a more global role in arousal or attention. These proposed functions are not mutually exclusive, and there is compelling evidence to support multiple functional roles for feedback. In this review, the role of feedback in vision will be explored mainly from the perspective of corticothalamic feedback. Further generalized principles of feedback applicable to corticocortical connections will also be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"6 ","pages":"313-334"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10856211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Data-Driven Approaches to Understanding Visual Neuron Activity. 理解视觉神经元活动的数据驱动方法。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014731
D. Butts
{"title":"Data-Driven Approaches to Understanding Visual Neuron Activity.","authors":"D. Butts","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014731","url":null,"abstract":"With modern neurophysiological methods able to record neural activity throughout the visual pathway in the context of arbitrarily complex visual stimulation, our understanding of visual system function is becoming limited by the available models of visual neurons that can be directly related to such data. Different forms of statistical models are now being used to probe the cellular and circuit mechanisms shaping neural activity, understand how neural selectivity to complex visual features is computed, and derive the ways in which neurons contribute to systems-level visual processing. However, models that are able to more accurately reproduce observed neural activity often defy simple interpretations. As a result, rather than being used solely to connect with existing theories of visual processing, statistical modeling will increasingly drive the evolution of more sophisticated theories. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 5 is September 16, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48792515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Origins of Refractive Errors: Environmental and Genetic Factors. 折射误差的起源：环境和遗传因素。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-015027
Elise N. Harb, C. Wildsoet
{"title":"Origins of Refractive Errors: Environmental and Genetic Factors.","authors":"Elise N. Harb, C. Wildsoet","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-015027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-015027","url":null,"abstract":"Refractive errors are the product of a mismatch between the axial length of the eye and its optical power, creating blurred vision. Uncorrected refractive errors are the second leading cause of worldwide blindness. One refractive error currently attracting significant scientific interest is myopia, mostly owing to the recent rise in its prevalence worldwide and associated ocular disease burden. This increase in myopia prevalence has also been rapid, suggesting environmental influences in addition to any genetic influences on eye growth. This review defines refractive errors, describes their prevalence, and presents evidence for the influence of genetic and environmental factors related to refractive error development.","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"47-72"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-015027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44594596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
The Importance of the Interaction Between Ocular Motor Function and Vision During Human Infancy. 人类婴儿期眼运动功能与视觉相互作用的重要性。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014741
T. Candy
{"title":"The Importance of the Interaction Between Ocular Motor Function and Vision During Human Infancy.","authors":"T. Candy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014741","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of imposed abnormal visual experience on the postnatal development of the visual system. These studies have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity and its role in clinical care. However, the ocular motor responses of postnatal human infants largely define their visual experience in dynamic three-dimensional environments. Thus, the immature visual system needs to control its own visual experience. This review explores the interaction between the developing motor and sensory/perceptual visual systems, together with its importance in both typical development and the development of forms of strabismus and amblyopia.","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"201-221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46368245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Imaging Retinal Activity in the Living Eye. 活体眼视网膜活动成像。
IF 5 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034239
Jennifer J Hunter, William H Merigan, Jesse B Schallek
{"title":"Imaging Retinal Activity in the Living Eye.","authors":"Jennifer J Hunter, William H Merigan, Jesse B Schallek","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034239","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal function has long been studied with psychophysical methods in humans, whereas detailed functional studies of vision have been conducted mostly in animals owing to the invasive nature of physiological approaches. There are exceptions to this generalization, for example, the electroretinogram. This review examines exciting recent advances using in vivo retinal imaging to understand the function of retinal neurons. In some cases, the methods have existed for years and are still being optimized. In others, new methods such as optophysiology are revealing novel patterns of retinal function in animal models that have the potential to change our understanding of the functional capacity of the retina. Together, the advances in retinal imaging mark an important milestone that shifts attention away from anatomy alone and begins to probe the function of healthy and diseased eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"15-45"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7001891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47929874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predictive Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements. 预测平滑追踪眼球运动。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 Epub Date: 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014901
Eileen Kowler, Jason F Rubinstein, Elio M Santos, Jie Wang
{"title":"Predictive Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements.","authors":"Eileen Kowler,&nbsp;Jason F Rubinstein,&nbsp;Elio M Santos,&nbsp;Jie Wang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smooth pursuit eye movements maintain the line of sight on smoothly moving targets. Although often studied as a response to sensory motion, pursuit anticipates changes in motion trajectories, thus reducing harmful consequences due to sensorimotor processing delays. Evidence for predictive pursuit includes (<i>a</i>) anticipatory smooth eye movements (ASEM) in the direction of expected future target motion that can be evoked by perceptual cues or by memory for recent motion, (<i>b</i>) pursuit during periods of target occlusion, and (<i>c</i>) improved accuracy of pursuit with self-generated or biologically realistic target motions. Predictive pursuit has been linked to neural activity in the frontal cortex and in sensory motion areas. As behavioral and neural evidence for predictive pursuit grows and statistically based models augment or replace linear systems approaches, pursuit is being regarded less as a reaction to immediate sensory motion and more as a predictive response, with retinal motion serving as one of a number of contributing cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"223-246"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37404459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
Image Forensics. 图像取证。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014827
Hany Farid
{"title":"Image Forensics.","authors":"Hany Farid","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014827","url":null,"abstract":"From mainstream media outlets to social media and everything in between, doctored photographs are appearing with growing frequency and sophistication. The resulting lack of trust is impacting law enforcement, national security, the media, e-commerce, and more. While some types of manipulations can be detected with a careful visual examination, our visual system seems unable to reliably detect other types of manipulations. The field of image forensics has emerged to help return some trust in photography. I describe the perceptual limits of detecting manipulated images, as well as representative examples of computational techniques for authenticating images.","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"549-573"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48291647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Zebrafish Visual System: From Circuits to Behavior. 斑马鱼视觉系统：从电路到行为。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014723
Johann H. Bollmann
{"title":"The Zebrafish Visual System: From Circuits to Behavior.","authors":"Johann H. Bollmann","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014723","url":null,"abstract":"Visual stimuli can evoke complex behavioral responses, but the underlying streams of neural activity in mammalian brains are difficult to follow because of their size. Here, I review the visual system of zebrafish larvae, highlighting where recent experimental evidence has localized the functional steps of visuomotor transformations to specific brain areas. The retina of a larva encodes behaviorally relevant visual information in neural activity distributed across feature-selective ganglion cells such that signals representing distinct stimulus properties arrive in different areas or layers of the brain. Motor centers in the hindbrain encode motor variables that are precisely tuned to behavioral needs within a given stimulus setting. Owing to rapid technological progress, larval zebrafish provide unique opportunities for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the intermediate processing steps occurring between visual and motor centers, revealing how visuomotor transformations are implemented in a vertebrate brain.","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"269-293"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49324252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
Deep Learning: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. 深度学习：好的、坏的和丑的。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014951
T. Serre
{"title":"Deep Learning: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.","authors":"T. Serre","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014951","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial vision has often been described as one of the key remaining challenges to be solved before machines can act intelligently. Recent developments in a branch of machine learning known as deep learning have catalyzed impressive gains in machine vision-giving a sense that the problem of vision is getting closer to being solved. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent deep learning developments and to critically assess actual progress toward achieving human-level visual intelligence. I discuss the implications of the successes and limitations of modern machine vision algorithms for biological vision and the prospect for neuroscience to inform the design of future artificial vision systems. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 5 is September 16, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45962837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 173
The Retinal Basis of Vertebrate Color Vision. 脊椎动物色觉的视网膜基础。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 Epub Date: 2019-06-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014926
T Baden, D Osorio
{"title":"The Retinal Basis of Vertebrate Color Vision.","authors":"T Baden, D Osorio","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014926","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The jawless fish that were ancestral to all living vertebrates had four spectral cone types that were probably served by chromatic-opponent retinal circuits. Subsequent evolution of photoreceptor spectral sensitivities is documented for many vertebrate lineages, giving insight into the ecological adaptation of color vision. Beyond the photoreceptors, retinal color processing is best understood in mammals, especially the blue<sup>ON</sup> system, which opposes short- against long-wavelength receptor responses. For other vertebrates that often have three or four types of cone pigment, new findings from zebrafish are extending older work on teleost fish and reptiles to reveal rich color circuitry. Here, horizontal cells establish diverse and complex spectral responses even in photoreceptor outputs. Cone-selective connections to bipolar cells then set up color-opponent synaptic layers in the inner retina, which lead to a large variety of color-opponent channels for transmission to the brain via retinal ganglion cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"177-200"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37350282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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