High Voltage最新文献

{"title":"Dielectric and thermal properties characterisation and evaluation of novel epoxy materials for high-voltage power module packaging","authors":"Zhengdong Wang,&nbsp;Ganqiu Yang,&nbsp;Xiaolong Cao,&nbsp;Mengli Li,&nbsp;Tong Zhang,&nbsp;Chenxin Liu,&nbsp;Yuanhang Zhou,&nbsp;Yonghong Cheng","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12443","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Internal insulation of high-voltage power modules is facing interesting failure risks, including high temperature overheating, breakdown fault, material cracking etc., so it is imperative to urgently develop new dielectric materials with high thermal conductivity (<i>λ</i>), outstanding electrical insulation, and thermal stability properties. A method to construct controllable liquid crystalline cross-linking networks based on the synthesis of biphenyl epoxy monomer and the change of curing agent structures and curing temperature is proposed. The uniform nematic rod-like liquid crystalline domains were obtained by using 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane as a curing agent under a pre-curing temperature of 105°C. The resulting film (abbreviated as TD-105) exhibited <i>λ</i> up to 0.53 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ and a dielectric breakdown strength of 57.69 kV mm⁻¹, which showed a simultaneous enhancement of 178% and 16%, respectively, compared to traditional bisphenol A epoxy resin. Moreover, it also exhibited lower dielectric loss and magnitude of partial discharge while having higher glass-transition temperature (190°C). A novel idea for the development of high-performance epoxy insulating materials for the application of high-voltage and large-power electrical equipment is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 5","pages":"1021-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the evaluation method of polymerisation degree based on Raman spectroscopic plot","authors":"Zhuang Yang,&nbsp;Weigen Chen,&nbsp;Zhixian Yin,&nbsp;Dingkun Yang","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12432","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to achieve accurate quantitative evaluation of the ageing state of oil paper insulation, an evaluation method of polymerisation degree (DP) of oil–paper insulation based on Raman spectroscopic plot is presented. Samples covering the full ageing stage of oil–paper insulation were obtained by accelerated thermal ageing experiments. The samples were tested by Raman spectra, and the Raman spectra were converted into Raman spectroscopic plot using Gramian angular field. Feature extraction was performed on the images using local binary pattern (LBP), and 28 feature variables were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and uninformative variable elimination. Finally, the DP prediction model was constructed by long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). The training accuracy exceeded 90%, and the mean absolute deviation of DP prediction for 45 test samples was only 40.70. A new visual detection method for transformer ageing diagnosis is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 4","pages":"794-804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating transient behaviour of large-scale photovoltaic systems during lightning events using enhanced finite difference time domain method with variable cell size approach","authors":"Ibrahim Hetita,&nbsp;Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour,&nbsp;Yang Han,&nbsp;Ping Yang,&nbsp;Congling Wang,&nbsp;Mohamed M. F. Darwish,&nbsp;Matti Lehtonen,&nbsp;Amr S. Zalhaf","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12440","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12440","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photovoltaic (PV) arrays are usually installed in open areas; hence, they are vulnerable to lightning strikes that can result in cell degradation, complete damage, service disruption, and increased maintenance costs. As a result, it is imperative to develop an effective and efficient lightning protection system by evaluating the transient behaviour of PV arrays during lightning events. The aim is to evaluate the transient analysis of large-scale PV systems when subjected to lightning strikes using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Transient overvoltages are calculated at various points within the mounting system. To optimise the FDTD method's execution time and make it more suitable for less powerful hardware, a variable cell size approach is employed. Specifically, larger cell dimensions are used in the earthing system and smaller cell dimensions are used in the mounting system. The FDTD method is utilised to calculate the temporal variation of transient overvoltages for large-scale PV systems under different scenarios, including variations in the striking point, soil resistivity, and the presence of a metal frame. Simulation results indicate that the highest transient overvoltages occur at the striking point, and these values increase with the presence of a PV metal frame as well as with higher soil resistivity. Furthermore, a comparison is performed between the overvoltage results obtained from the FDTD approach and the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method at the four corner points of the mounting systems to demonstrate the superior accuracy of the FDTD method. Besides, a laboratory experiment is conducted on a small-scale PV system to validate the simulation results. The calculated overvoltages obtained from the FDTD and PEEC methods are compared with the measured values, yielding a mean absolute error of 5% and 11% for the FDTD and PEEC methods, respectively, thereby confirming the accuracy of the FDTD simulation model.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 3","pages":"636-647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on detecting main ingredients of silicone rubber based on terahertz spectrum","authors":"Hongwei Mei,&nbsp;Lanxin Li,&nbsp;Fanghui Yin,&nbsp;Liming Wang,&nbsp;Masoud Farzaneh","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12427","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12427","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors investigated the ingredient detection technique of silicone rubber based on the Terahertz spectrum. For this purpose, 18 diverse high-temperature vulcanised silicone rubber (HTVSR) formulations were customised, 8 of which are used as calibration set while the rest 10 as prediction set. Based on the Beer-Lambert Law, the partial-least-square (PLS) regression model and the least-squares support-vector machines (LS-SVM) regression model were used to yield the relationships between the absorption spectrums and the content percentages of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), alumina trihydrate (ATH), and silica in HTVSR. The results showed that for the formulations tested, the prediction accuracy of all three main ingredients by the PLS regression model could be improved by changing the spectrum range from 0.2–4 to 0.5–2 THz. If the data were pre-processed by the Savitzky–Golay smoothing method or multiplicative scatter correction method, the prediction accuracy of PDMS could be further enhanced. However, this would lead to a slight decrease in the prediction accuracy of ATH. For the LS-SVM regression model, the radial basis function (RBF) kernel and the linear kernel were studied. It was found that the prediction accuracy of both kernels was better than that of the PLS regression model. With the LS-SVM regression model using the RBF kernel, the correlated coefficients of PDMS and ATH in the prediction set could be up to 0.9915 and 0.9742, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 3","pages":"518-527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel signal restoration algorithm to eliminate the distorted components in space charge measurement excited by femtosecond laser irradiation","authors":"Tianrun Qi,&nbsp;Hanwen Ren,&nbsp;Haoyu Gao,&nbsp;Qingmin Li,&nbsp;Yidan Ma,&nbsp;Yiqun Ma,&nbsp;Tao Xiao","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12409","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the space charge measurement method with optical excitation for electrical insulation, the distortion of the excitation laser on the measurement signal and the accumulation of space charge have not been discussed before. Both experiment and simulation results show that three types of distorted components introduced by optical excitation can lead to distortion of the upper interface signal. Further, the factors causing distortion of the measured signal and the formation mechanism are analysed. A virtual electrode potential compensation method and a distorted component extraction method are proposed. Meanwhile, an attenuation restoration and charge conversion correction factor is introduced, leading to a novel signal processing algorithm adapted to space charge optical measurement methods. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the novel algorithm has an error of less than 1% in the calculation of charge and electric field strength, with an increase in accuracy of 47.7% and 9.81%, respectively. By applying the novel restoration algorithm, the comparison shows that the space charge accumulation does not change significantly under laser irradiation, verifying the reliability of the optical excitation. The given algorithm can provide a theoretical and technical foundation for the realisation of the optical measurement method for space charge.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 3","pages":"659-673"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-power electromagnetic source for disabling improvised explosive devices","authors":"Laurent Ariztia,&nbsp;Njomza Ibrahimi,&nbsp;Alexey Zhabin,&nbsp;Antoine Silvestre de Ferron,&nbsp;Marc Rivaletto,&nbsp;Edson Martinod,&nbsp;Valérie Bertrand,&nbsp;Bucur Novac,&nbsp;Laurent Pécastaing","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12416","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12416","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave sources driven by specialised pulsed power generators have experienced a considerable development in the last decade due to their wide domain of new applications such as defence or counter-terrorism activity. The authors present the main findings of a research dedicated to the development of a pulsed power-driven electromagnetic field source for disabling improvised explosive devices (IED). The pulsed power generator driving the source is a 13-stage compact Marx producing voltage pulses reaching an amplitude of 0.5 MV, with a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of up to 100 Hz. The generator is coupled to a bipolar pulse forming line, providing bipolar pulses with a dV/dt of around 1.6 MV/ns. This pulsed power system feeds an array composed of 16 Koshelev-type UWB antennas through an impedance matching transformer. The resulting electromagnetic source is capable to produce pulsed electric fields (PEFs) having a figure-of-merit (FOM) of 1 MV. First, practical experiments were carried out to study the effects of the PEFs on targets. The targets used in the present study are M2B type flashbulbs, known to have the same susceptibility as the US army M6 detonator. Different configurations of wires (shielded, twisted, etc) with different lengths were used in connecting items inside these targets. The tests were performed by placing the flashbulbs at different distances to determine the essential parameters (i.e., amplitude, duration, and frequency range) of the PEFs required to trigger them. An overview of the experimental campaign and the main findings are also presented followed by conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 2","pages":"403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach towards parametric assessment of reliability and resilience of high voltage mica-based insulation systems by statistical analysis of experimental failure data","authors":"Shahram Negari,&nbsp;Davoud Esmaeil Moghadam","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12431","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12431","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insulation systems in high-voltage electric machines play a pivotal role in the reliable operation and longevity of the equipment. Mica-based insulation materials have proven to possess and maintain excellent dielectric properties in the long run and prevent premature insulation degradation. Numerous qualifications tests, such as voltage endurance, are outlined in IEC and IEEE standards. The authors, however, take a different parametric approach, opting for reliability assessment of insulation systems using derived three-parameter Weibull models. Therefore, instead of simple pass–fail criteria, empirical data is employed to determine failure rate probabilities quantitatively and objectively. Experimental data, including breakdown, dissipation factor, and partial discharge measurements, are used to construct the Weibull distribution model to predict fault and failure rates and calculate hazard functions. The rigorous examinations interpreted through the analytical model help assess insulation system resilience and particularly the impact of electrical field stress and mica content. Variation of electrical stress from 66.75 to 71.20 V/mil demonstrated how the mean time to failure of the system changed from 146.4 to 85.1 at 3 <i>U</i>_n, hence identifying opportunities for design improvement and uncovering performance boundaries. Ultimately, the developed framework enhances comprehension of insulation system failure probabilities, guiding design decisions and ensuring a secure and reliable operation of electrical machines across applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 2","pages":"495-507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel linear regression density peak clustering-based transmission line protection for line-commuted converter-voltage source converter hybrid high voltage direct current system","authors":"Shunguang Lei,&nbsp;Hongchun Shu,&nbsp;Zhimin Li,&nbsp;Yinan Hu,&nbsp;Xincui Tian,&nbsp;Taiwen Liu","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12436","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12436","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Line-commuted converter (LCC)–voltage source converter (VSC) hybrid high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is an innovative technology, the existing LCC and VSC protection require setting, and it is difficult to be directly applied in the LCC–VSC hybrid HVDC, which is a serious problem in practical engineering. A novel linear regression density peak clustering (LRDPC) approach is introduced for transmission line protection. LRDPC employs Least Squares linear regression to compute the fault current slope, followed by density peak clustering for fault type identification. The proposed protection structure is straightforward and setting-less, eliminating the need for fault pole selection elements and classification thresholds. Validation on the Kun-Liu-Long LCC–VSC HVDC RTDS system demonstrates the method's effectiveness in identifying diverse faults under varying conditions, including fault types, locations, resistances, and signal-to-noise ratios. Notably, it remains robust against fault impedance (600 Ω) and noise interference (20 dB).</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 5","pages":"1159-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation method for electromagnetic interference complexity of high voltage switch based on feature extraction and GCC-GRU network","authors":"Wenchao Lu,&nbsp;Jiandong Duan,&nbsp;Lin Cheng,&nbsp;Jiangping Lu,&nbsp;Jiaxin Tao,&nbsp;Jianning Yin","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12402","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When some new-type sensors are subjected electromagnetic interference (EMI), the traditional standard can no longer serve as the guidance for their EMI protection. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the complexity of the new sensing equipment's suffering from electromagnetic interference. A hybrid method of feature extraction and complexity evaluation of Electromagnetic Interference signals based on generalised correntropy criterion (GCC) is proposed. First, a variational mode decomposition algorithm for adaptive extraction of decomposed signals is constructed using GCC, and Generalised S-transform is used for processing and reorganisation. Then, according to the time-frequency space model, a new quantitative evaluation criterion interference factor is proposed, which overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional qualitative classification and the inability to solve the cross classification of indicators. Then, the Gated Recurrent Unit is introduced, and the GCC-GRU evaluation model with GCC as the loss function is derived. The authors conduct EMI tests and measured signal evaluation with Medium Voltage and High Voltage switches, and the results show that the method proposed is correct and effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 3","pages":"749-761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical assessment of discharge effects on the decomposition tendency of C6F12O over metallic surfaces","authors":"Zhaolun Cui,&nbsp;Yanpeng Hao,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Tian,&nbsp;Xiaoxing Zhang,&nbsp;Yashuang Zheng","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12426","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.12426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>C₆F₁₂O is proposed to be one potential eco-friendly insulation gas to replace SF₆. However, the assessment of its decomposition properties and the compatibility with metal electrodes in discharge faults is still challenging, which greatly hinders the development of its insulation and arc-extinction applications. Herein, a theoretical method is proposed to reasonably address the discharge effects on C₆F₁₂O decomposition over typical Cu and Al electrodes at atomic scale. The results show that both the external electric field and the excess electrons could affect the activation of C₆F₁₂O by changing the electron acceptance of C₆F₁₂O and the orbital hybridisation during the surface bonding. On metal surfaces, the C-F single bond in adsorbed C₆F₁₂O is the weakest position to decompose, and its cleavage could be promoted by the discharge effects. After the C-F breaking, the C-C cleavage remains unfavourable on Cu (111), but it is significantly promoted on Al (111), indicating a higher corrosion risk on the Al surface via continuous C₆F₁₂O decompositions. The proposed method as a valid supplement to the experiment reveals the discharge effects and the decomposition tendency of C₆F₁₂O on metal electrodes in discharge faults, which broadens the means for insulation gas evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"9 4","pages":"862-869"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}