International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Agmatine suppresses the imidazoline I₂ receptor/ribosomal S6 kinase 2/NF-κB signaling pathway regulating alveolar macrophage polarization and ameliorating sepsis-associated acute lung injury.","authors":"Linguo Bai, Kun Yu, Qiuyu Dai, Jie Zheng, Kangjie Qin, Junjie Li, Feiyan Li, Song Qin, Hong Mei, Xinxin Liu, Tao Chen, Liting Cheng","doi":"10.1177/03946320261425360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261425360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute diffuse inflammatory lung injury characterized by damage to alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary capillary endothelial cells. Compared with ARDS caused by other causes, the subtypes of ARDS caused by sepsis are more serious and lead to poor prognosis and higher mortality. Agmatine (AGM) is a biological metabolite of L-arginine decarboxylation, proven to ameliorate sepsis-induced acute lung injury (SALI), but the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of AGM in SALI, clarify the relationship between the I₂R/RSK2/NF-κB signaling pathway regulated by AGM and macrophage polarization, and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of SALI. Cellular and animal models of lung injury in sepsis were established with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We conducted a series of experiments to examine the oxygenation index (OI), wet/dry ratio (W/D) of the lung, pathological changes, levels of inflammation, Apoptosis and related protein expression in different groups of mice. Finally, we found that AGM can ameliorate sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing the I₂R/RSK2/NF-κB signaling pathway and modulating polarization of alveolar macrophage.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261425360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of hepatitis C virus on oral health: Clinical lesions, immunopathology, and dental management: A narrative review.","authors":"Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez, Valeria Henao-Díaz, Lilibeth-Stephania Escoto-Vasquez, Melissa Martínez-Nieto, Gustavo Eder González-Alvarez, Armen A Muradyan, Artak Heboyan, Sarah Monserrat Lomelí-Martínez","doi":"10.1177/03946320261419189","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261419189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global public health problem. Although it has traditionally been linked to liver damage, several studies have demonstrated its extrahepatic impact, specifically in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations can be considered early signs of infection or contribute to clinical progression. This narrative review aims to describe the oral alterations associated with HCV, integrating the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications for dental management. The most prevalent manifestations include periodontal disease, oral lichen planus, Sjögren's syndrome-like sialadenitis, and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Recent findings suggest that HCV triggers dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, promotes exacerbated immune responses with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and disrupts the homeostatic environment, thereby promoting the progression of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. In addition, viral RNA has been identified in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid, which could be considered a non-parenteral route of transmission, particularly important in dental interventions. In parallel, direct-acting antiviral therapy, in addition to achieving virus elimination, could also partially correct immunological and microbial disruptions in the cavity, with favorable clinical responses. Understanding these oral alterations can guide dentists in early detection and improve systemic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261419189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasopharyngeal mass containing B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient: A case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Milica Labus, Aleksandar Perić, Merida Mehmedović, Jelena Sotirović, Stevan Matić, Milena Jović, Biserka Vukomanović Đurđević","doi":"10.1177/03946320261435768","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261435768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spectrum of pathological conditions affecting the nasopharynx includes infections, congenital anomalies, and tumoral lesions, particularly angiofibroma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and lymphoma. Hypertrophy of adenoid tissue is a frequent phenomenon in children, but it is less common in the adult population. With this case report, we wanted to point out the importance of rhinological and otological manifestations of adenoid hypertrophy in adult patients. A 48-year-old man presented with impaired hearing in both ears, difficulty breathing through the nose, impaired sense of smell, hyponasal speech, and occasional scanty bleeding from the right side of the nose. After taking detailed data, the diagnostics included a classic ENT examination, endoscopy of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, audiological diagnostics, allergy tests, computerized tomography of the paranasal sinuses and the skull base, and serological analysis for viruses and protozoa. A soft tissue lesion that filled the entire nasopharynx was surgically removed, and the pathohistological analysis indicated B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) with polyclonal plasma cell differentiation. Serological analyses showed that it was a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient, who also had a high blood titer of IgG to the Epstein-Barr virus. The patient was admitted to another institution for oncology treatment under the supervision of an infectious disease specialist. Although rare, malignant transformation of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue is possible. B-cell SLL with polyclonal plasma cell differentiation represents a minority of malignancies originating from the nasopharynx, and there are limited data regarding epidemiologic and treatment outcomes. Early recognition and thorough evaluation are essential to distinguish benign enlargement from more serious conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261435768"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13009950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silencing RPL9 promotes malignant proliferation in breast cancer cells.","authors":"Tong Zhu, Junze Dai, Wenxin Li, Huiyu Zhang, Yuxuan Song, Dingye Zhang, Ruibin Liu, Xin Wang, Zhaohu Shi, Hailin Tang, Xudong Zhu, Yefu Liu","doi":"10.1177/03946320261422055","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261422055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify key RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) associated with breast cancer (BRCA) prognosis and to construct an RBP-based prognostic scoring model and clinical nomogram. Additionally, to explore the functional role of RPL9 in BRCA cell proliferation and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous malignancy in which posttranscriptional dysregulation contributes significantly to tumor progression. RNAbinding proteins regulate multiple steps of RNA metabolism and have emerged as promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in BRCA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RNA-sequencing data and clinical information of BRCA patients were obtained from TCGA. Differential expressions, Cox, and LASSO regression analyses were performed to identify prognosis-related RBPs and establish a risk scoring model. A clinical nomogram integrating the model with clinicopathological features was generated. Tumor mutational burden (TMB), tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and immune checkpoint expression were analyzed between risk groups. Functional assays, including CCK-8 proliferation and flow cytometry-based apoptosis analyses, were conducted in BRCA cell lines to determine the role of RPL9.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine prognosis-related RBPs were identified and used to construct the RBPbased prognostic scoring model, which effectively predicted 3-, 5-, and 9-year survival outcomes. The model remained robust in an external validation cohort. A clinical nomogram based on the model showed strong predictive performance. High-risk patients displayed higher TMB, lower immune scores, reduced CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration, and decreased immune checkpoint expression. RPL9 was markedly downregulated in BRCA tissues and cells, and RPL9 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and significantly increased apoptosis, supporting its tumor-suppressive role.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified and constructed a 9-RBP based scoring model and a clinical prognostic nomogram for accurately predicting the survival probability and assessing the tumor microenvironment of patients with BRCA. Moreover, our findings firstly demonstrated that RPL9 downregulation correlated with poor clinical outcomes and functionally drives tumor cell proliferation, establishing it as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for BRCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261422055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13018688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposomal nanotherapeutics for cancer treatment: Targeted delivery and immunotherapy.","authors":"Mahin Zubair Butt, Zahra Tariq, Maryam Imran, Ahood A Al-Eidan, Shahzadi Mahjabeen, Seerat Fatima, Ghayyas Ud Din, Sumaira Anjum, Elham Abdullatif M Sharif, Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim","doi":"10.1177/03946320261438337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320261438337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer has become a major global health crisis and the second leading cause of death worldwide. With over 270 different types, it is estimated to claim 13 million lives by 2030. The complex pathophysiology of cancer, with its diverse genetic, epigenetic, and biochemical pathways, complicates the diagnostic criteria. Therapeutic approaches such as surgical interventions, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have been developed. However, the treatment is still challenging due to higher costs, toxicity, off-target effects, and comorbid conditions. Over the decades, liposomes, based on their particle size, surface charge, lipid composition, and lamellarity, have been explored for different therapeutic modalities for other cancers. They offer unique advantages, including improved drug efficacy, controlled site-specific release, enhanced cellular uptake, reduced systemic toxicity, and greater capacity to overcome tumor-induced resistance mechanisms. Researchers have explored liposomal treatment modalities for breast, lung, adenocarcinoma, ovarian, liver, fibrosarcoma, glioblastoma, and brain cancers. The tumor targeting drugs, for example, doxorubicin and paclitaxel, are delivered at the tumor microenvironment (TME) by passive and active transport, utilizing both the enhanced permeability and resistance (EPR) effect and cellular targets, for example, receptors, proteins, and organelles, in response to physical stimuli, for example, temperature, pH, fluid pressure, and nutrient and metabolic regulation. However, liposomes also face several limitations, including endosomal entrapment, heterogeneous targeting, suboptimal uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and storage instability. This review focuses on the advancements in liposomal nanocarriers for targeted cancer therapy. It emphasizes the evolution of their formulations to overcome potential limitations, making them highly tumor-specific and effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261438337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Gut Microbiota and the Immune System: An Intimate Partnership in Health and Disease.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03946320261432321","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261432321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261432321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian randomization implicates circulating plasma proteins in gout risk and identifies candidate therapeutic targets.","authors":"Han Zhang, Zixian Dang, Pixue Yu, GuanHong Chen, Yingze Zhang, Tianrui Wang, Tengbo Yu, Yongtao Zhang, Zhen Shang","doi":"10.1177/03946320261428859","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261428859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore whether circulating plasma proteins have potential causal effects on gout risk by integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS) data with protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) information, aiming to identify candidate proteins and pathways for therapeutic targeting.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite advances in gout pathophysiology, personalized therapies and validated drug targets remain limited. We conducted an exploratory Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess whether circulating plasma proteins show evidence consistent with potential causal effects on gout risk, integrating GWAS with pQTL data to prioritize proteins and pathways for follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied an integrated genetics framework combining proteome-wide MR, reverse MR, Bayesian colocalization, and sensitivity analyses. Plasma pQTL datasets were obtained from Zheng et al. and deCODE Genetics; gout GWAS were from UK Biobank and the FinnGen R12 study. Primary inference used inverse-variance weighting (IVW) with MR-Egger and complementary sensitivity tests. Colocalization used Bayesian methods; reverse MR evaluated potential reverse causation. Where available, findings were checked in external datasets. Analyses followed STROBE-MR guidance and were implemented in R with standard MR/colocalization packages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five circulating proteins (FN1, PLAU, CPQ, SPOCK2, and FAM213A) met the predefined discovery threshold. Reverse Mendelian randomization provided no evidence supporting reverse causality from gout to protein levels, while Steiger directionality tests supported the protein-to-gout causal orientation. Bayesian colocalization indicated moderate to strong evidence of shared genetic signals for PLAU, FAM213A, and FN1, whereas the evidence for CPQ and SPOCK2 was comparatively weak. In the independent replication analysis, genetically predicted higher levels of PLAU and CPQ were directionally associated with an increased risk of gout, while higher FN1 levels showed a consistent protective association. Nevertheless, effect estimates and precision varied across datasets, and the overall findings should be interpreted as exploratory rather than confirmatory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This exploratory, assumption-dependent MR work nominates five circulating proteins as hypothesis-generating candidates for gout risk and potential therapeutic targeting. Given method assumptions and cross-dataset heterogeneity, functional validation and independent replication are required to clarify mechanisms, confirm targetability, and assess translational relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261428859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13031745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apoptosis enhancement in MCF-7 cells: Synergistic effects of doxorubicin and the novel sulfonamide Zm-093.","authors":"Shabnam Pedarpour, Sevda Zarei, Hossein Ghafouri","doi":"10.1177/03946320261422036","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261422036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health issue. Combination therapies using chemical compounds have shown potential benefits, including reduced toxicity, slowed cancer cell growth, and improved treatment outcomes, compared to single-drug treatments.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates the synergistic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and Zm-093, a novel sulfonamide derivative with unique properties that offer potential advantages over existing sulfonamide compounds, including enhanced solubility and improved bioavailability, on apoptosis induction in BC cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Zm-093 was synthesized, and its structure was confirmed through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, while the combination index (CI) was calculated with Compusyn software to evaluate the synergistic interaction between DOX and Zm-093 in MCF-7 cells. The apoptotic effects of these compounds were further analyzed using western blotting, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Notably, the combined treatment of DOX and Zm-093 at concentrations of 0.36 µM and 14.5 µM resulted in a 57% reduction in Bcl-2 expression compared to the control group. In contrast, expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and tBid, as well as caspase-3, increased significantly by 2.4, 3.3, and 5.7 times, respectively. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay results indicated that the combination therapy significantly enhanced early apoptosis while minimizing necrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings confirm that DOX and Zm-093 exhibit synergistic effects on apoptotic pathways in MCF-7 cells, highlighting the potential of Zm-093 as a novel therapeutic agent with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to existing sulfonamide compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261422036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated administration of cannabidiol decreases splenic lymphocyte subset numbers in rats.","authors":"Tara H Turkki, Maciej M Jankowski, Wojciech Glac, Piotr Badtke, Viviane M Saito, Artur H Swiergiel, Bogna M Ignatowska-Jankowska","doi":"10.1177/03946320251411441","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251411441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cannabidiol (CBD) administration (5 mg/kg) in healthy rats has been shown to significantly decrease lymphocyte subset numbers in peripheral blood without involvement of natural killer cells. The aim was to evaluate whether lymphocyte numbers also decrease in the spleen.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>CBD, the major non-psychotropic compound of Cannabis sp., is an effective treatment for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with various anti-tumor effects, but the mechanisms of its long-term actions in vivo remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To examine the effects of CBD on lymphocyte subsets in the spleen and NK cellular cytotoxicity (NKCC), adult male Wistar rats (<i>n</i> = 63) were administered intraperitoneal injections of CBD (2.5 or 5 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days, and lymphocyte counts were obtained using flow cytometry. NKCC in the peripheral blood and spleen was quantified using a Chromium-51 release assay. Furthermore, the effect was similar to a decrease in lymphocytes caused by treatment with the selective receptor antagonist AM630 (1 mg/kg).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that repeated administration of CBD at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day decreased splenic lymphocyte numbers, involving T and non-T/NK CD45RA+ lymphocytes but not NK cells. The effects of CB₂ receptor antagonist were not significant, but it had a significant interaction with CBD. No changes in NKCC were observed following CBD administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results reveal that in healthy rats, CBD produces similar lymphopenic effects in the spleen as it does in peripheral blood without affecting NK cell counts or cytotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320251411441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12783575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral keratinocyte-mediated inflammation and epithelial disruption: A narrative review on IRF6 signaling and oral carcinogenic risk.","authors":"Yuliana Andrea Osorio-Osorno, Monica Tatiana Parada-Sanchez","doi":"10.1177/03946320251411432","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251411432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oral epithelium is a dynamic interface between host and environment, where keratinocytes not only serve as structural components but also actively modulate immune responses. Emerging research identifies IRF6 as a pivotal regulator of epithelial differentiation and immune signaling within chronic inflammatory contexts. This narrative review explores the role of IRF6 and its downstream effects in oral keratinocytes, particularly in relation to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, CCL5-mediated inflammation, hypoxic signaling, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It proposes a mechanistic framework for understanding the progression from chronic inflammation to epithelial disruption and malignant transformation in oral mucosal disorders. Modulation of IRF6 signaling represents a promising therapeutic target for restoring epithelial integrity and halting disease progression in chronic inflammatory oral diseases. This model lays groundwork for future research integrating molecular biomarkers and immune modulation strategies in oral pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320251411432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12775295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}