International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Myricetin enhances keratinocytes differentiation via TRPV4 channel activation in mouse primary keratinocytes.","authors":"Jie-Fang Gao, Tong-Xuan Li, Guo-Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1177/03946320251317287","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251317287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skin serves as the primary defensive barrier of the human body against external stimuli and damage. Keratinocytes, which are the predominant cell type in the human epidermis, undergo a differentiation process that is crucial for the formation of the skin barrier. Myricetin, a dietary flavonoid present in various fruits and vegetables, is known to play a significant role in maintaining intestinal barrier function; however, its impact on the skin barrier remains inadequately understood. Consequently, this study investigates the effects of myricetin on the differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and the integrity of the skin barrier. Differentiation of primary mouse keratinocytes was induced using 1.8 mM CaCl₂. tudy demonstrated that myricetin effectively suppresses cell proliferation and induces both cell cycle arrest and calcium ion (Ca²⁺) influx, without influencing apoptosis. Concurrently, myricetin enhances the expression of differentiation markers, including K10, TGase1, Filaggrin, and Involucrin, and facilitates the formation of tight junctions. Upon examining the underlying mechanisms, we discovered that myricetin activates the TRPV4 channel, and the promotion of keratinocyte differentiation by myricetin is contingent upon the activation of this channel. In summary, these findings suggested that myricetin could promote keratinocytes differentiation and have well-established skin barrier protective function.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251317287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Notice: \"MUC1 expressing tumor growth was retarded after human mucin 1 (MUC1) plasmid DNA immunization\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03946320241310709","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320241310709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320241310709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142966780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new way of the Coombs test using flow cytometry-based assay to assess erythrocytes-bound IgG antibodies in the human and rabbit model.","authors":"Anwar Ullah, Xuewei Ding, Xia Qi, Hui Liu","doi":"10.1177/03946320241305270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320241305270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Coombs test is important in hematology for detecting erythrocyte-bound IgG antibodies or in serm through agglutination methods, but its sensitivity and specificity are limited. Flow cytometry provides a more precise and sensitive alternative for quantitatively assessing RBC-bound IgG antibodies. This assessment is crucial for evaluating the risk of hemolytic reactions and ensuring safe transfusions. This study aimed to explore a new method for the detection of RBC-bound IgG antibodies in rabbits following the injection of human red blood cells. Rabbits serum treated with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) were serially diluted at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128, 1:256, 1:512, 1:1024, and 1:2048. These diluted samples were then reacted with O-type red blood cells (RBCs). Serum samples from healthy individuals were used as the control group. The tubes were kept in a water bath at 37°C for 30 min incubation. After incubation, the samples were analyzed using a flow cytometry-based assay. Additionally, the traditional Coombs tube method was used and the strength of IgG antibody and agglutination was graded. The results were analyzed using a flow cytometry-based assay, and the agglutination strength was determined using the Coombs traditional tube method for RBC-bound IgG antibodies. A significant difference was found between the rabbits serum and normal control groups (p < 0.001). IgG titers increased significantly after 1 month of immunization in rabbits compared to the titers observed after 1 week. The serum Anti-D stability test showed a coefficient of variation (CV) of 7.74%, indicating good stability of the test results. In this study, we concluded that the flow cytometry-based assay for detecting RBC-bound IgG antibodies was accurate, sensitive, and had positional value in clinical laboratories and research centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320241305270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aurora-A promotes lenvatinib resistance experimentally through hsa-circ-0058046/miR-424-5p/FGFR1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Mubalake Abudoureyimu, Ni Sun, Weiwei Chen, Xinrong Lin, Fan Pan, Rui Wang","doi":"10.1177/03946320251316692","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251316692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether the dysregulation of Aurora-A is involved in lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bioinformatics tools and drug sensitivity assays were used to investigate the association between Aurora-A expression level and lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cell function experiments had performed after treatment with lenvatinib and/or a selective Aurora-A inhibitor (MLN-8237). CircRNA microarray, RIP, RNA pull-down, and dual-luciferace reporter assay were performed to identify the downstream molecular mechanism of Aurora-A dysregulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aurora-A expression was positively correlated with lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The Aurora-A selective inhibitor MLN-8237, in combination with lenvatinib, synergistically inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro and vivo, suggesting the Aurora-A might be a potential therapeutic target for lenvatinib resistance. Mechanistically, Aurora-A induced FGFR1 expression through the hsa-circ-0058046/miR-424-5p/FGFR1 axis. Aurora-A promotes lenvatinib resistance through hsa-circ-0058046/miR-424-5p/FGFR1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The simultaneous inhibition of FGFR1 by the Aurora-A inhibitor MLN-8237 and lenvatinib overcame lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, our findings indicate that Aurora-A promotes lenvatinib resistance through the hsa-circ-0058046/miR-424-5p/FGFR1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. These results suggest that Aurora-A may serve as a therapeutic target for HCC patients exhibiting lenvatinib resistance. Furthermore, the combination of lenvatinib and MLN-8237 shows potential for clinical trials aimed at overcoming lenvatinib resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251316692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of tacrolimus on interferon gamma ELISpot assay results for the assessment of T-cell immunity: Proof-of-concept.","authors":"Aurélie Truffot, Jules Weinhard, Pauline Dessaud, Patrice Morand, Lionel Rostaing, Françoise Stanke-Labesque, Xavier Fonrose, Raphaële Germi, Thomas Jouve","doi":"10.1177/03946320251325062","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251325062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SOT patients require immunosuppressors to avoid graft rejection. Therapeutic drug monitoring is insufficient to find the optimal balance with immunosuppression. The evaluation of cell-mediated immunity by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay enumerating interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is increasingly use. ELISpot assays are performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from blood and brought into contact with specific peptides in an immunosuppressor-free environment. This study aims to determine the <i>in vitro</i> diffusion of tacrolimus in PBMC and to assess whether prior <i>in vitro</i> incubation of PBMC with tacrolimus modifies the IFN-γ ELISpot results when assessing the T-cell immune response. PBMC from healthy volunteers were obtained. Tacrolimus was added to the ELISpot wells at increasing concentration and quantification was obtained using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results showed that the <i>in vitro</i> PBMC diffusion rate of tacrolimus was measured at 32%. A decrease in T-cell reactivity occurred with increasing tacrolimus concentration. The intra-PBMC concentration of tacrolimus able to inhibit 50% of T-cell reactivity was 163 pg/10⁶ PBMC, which is in the range of the <i>in vivo</i> intra-PBMC concentration in SOT recipients. T-cell functional assessment using ELISpot in patients treated with immunosuppressors may require the addition of immunosuppressors <i>in vitro</i> to better reflect the <i>in vivo</i> situation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251325062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with celiac disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Saad Lamjadli, Ider Oujamaa, Ikram Souli, Fatima Ezzohra Eddehbi, Nadia Lakhouaja, Bouchra M'raouni, Abdelmouine Salami, Morad Guennouni, Moulay Yassine Belghali, Raja Hazime, Brahim Admou","doi":"10.1177/03946320241313426","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320241313426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to characterize micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, ferritin, folic acid, vitamin D, zinc (Zn), vitamin B₁₂, and copper, in patients with celiac disease, and evaluated the effects of these deficiencies on selected hematological parameters, including hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Celiac disease (CeD), an immune-mediated disorder affecting the small bowel, is associated with genetic factors and micronutrient deficiencies. This meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches of multiple databases retrieved 4140 studies, of which 45 were selected. Risk of Bias was performed in accordance with the STROBE checklist. Meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in hemoglobin levels between patients with CeD and controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.8459 to -0.3382); <i>P</i> = 0.0003). Iron levels were lower in patients with CeD (SMD ≈ -0.4 (95% CI -0.7385 to -0.0407); <i>P</i> = 0.0334), as were ferritin (SMD -0.6358 (95% CI -0.8962 to -0.3755); <i>P</i> = 0.0002), folic acid (SMD -0.5446 (95% CI -0.9749 to -0.1142); <i>P</i> = 0.0187), and vitamin D (SMD -0.4011 (95% CI -0.8020 to -0.0001); <i>P</i> = 0.0499) levels, while Zn levels were significantly reduced (SMD -1.1398 (95% CI -2.0712 to -0.2084); <i>P</i> = 0.0242). No significant differences were found in MCV, or copper or vitamin B₁₂ levels between patients with CeD and controls. This study highlighted significantly higher micronutrient deficiencies in patients diagnosed with CeD than in controls, underscoring the importance of systematic nutritional assessment and multidisciplinary management to address micronutrient deficiencies and minimize negative health impact(s).</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320241313426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGF19 is a biomarker associated with prognosis and immunity in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Peng Wang, Zhenpeng Zhu, Chenyang Hou, Dandan Xu, Fei Guo, Xuejun Zhi, Weizheng Liang, Jun Xue","doi":"10.1177/03946320251324401","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251324401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and the prognosis and immune infiltration of colorectal cancer (CRC) and identify the related genes and pathways influencing the onset and progression of CRC.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The potential of FGF19 to guide the prognosis of CRC and inform immunotherapeutic strategies warrants further investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed Quantitative Real-Time PCR to assess the expression of FGF19 and conducted a bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the impact of FGF19 expression on the clinical prognosis of CRC. We also analyzed the association between FGF19 expression and immune cell infiltration in CRC, and explored the related genes and pathways through which FGF19 influences CRC development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CRC patients with higher FGF19 expression exhibited a poorer prognosis. In terms of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), FGF19 achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.904. FGF19 expression correlated with the N stage, M stage, and pathological stage in patients with CRC. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of FGF19 in pathways associated with tumor development. ssGSEA and Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that FGF19 expression was linked to tumor immune cells. We discovered that FGF19 is closely related to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which play a significant role in the immune microenvironment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FGF19 is a key gene associated with immunity and prognosis in CRC patients. Our findings suggest that FGF19 may influence CRC progression by promoting NETs expression, which leads to suppression of immune cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251324401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INF-γ/TGF-β1-primed umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells boost the T-lymphocytes activity: Modulation of CD25 expression and IL-6 secretion.","authors":"Abdulrahman H Almaeen, Heba M Saad-Eldien, Hala Gabr","doi":"10.1177/03946320251315007","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251315007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have potent immunomodulatory abilities, particularly in a milieu of hyperactive immune system, through secreting a number of cytokines, growth factors, bioactive compounds and peptides, and by cell-cell contact. During viral infection, failure of immuno-neutralization of the viral particles, recruits T-lymphocytes (T-cells) that clear the virally-infected cells. MSCs greatly potentiate T-cells anti-viral activity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to assess the ability of the cytokine-primed MSCs to activated T-cells, towards an antiviral application.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Human umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) were isolated from Wharton Jelly of a consented donor. UC-MSCs were primed with interferon (INF)-γ and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Peripheral blood T-cells were isolated using mini-max and CD3+ population was purified using anti-CD3 immuno-magnetic beads. Naïve or primed MSCs were co-cultured with naïve and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated CD3+ T-cells. T-cell activation was evaluated by changes in their rate of proliferation by cell count, flowcytometric immuno-phenotyping for CD25 expression, and IL-6 secretion in the conditioned medium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that CD3+ T-cells count nonsignificant differed comparing the five experimental groups; Naïve MSCs, Naïve T cells, coculture with naïve MSCs, coculture with primed MSCs, and upon phytohemagglutinin-activation, despite a nonsignificant reduction of proliferation in the last two groups' coculture. Only the coculture with the primed MSCs showed significant activation of T-cells assessed as CD25 expression compared to the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.002, respectively). The undetectable levels of IL-6 in the conditioned medium of naïve MSCs, turned markedly high after their cytokine-priming (<i>p</i> < 0.001), reaching nonsignificant difference compared to naïve T-cells. Compared to naïve MSCs, naïve T-cells secreted considerable amounts of IL-6 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Incubation of naïve MSCs with phytohemagglutinin-activated T-cells further the secretion of IL-6, to a level significantly higher than all of the aforementioned three groups; naïve MSCs, naïve T-cells and primed MSCs (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.0194, and <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). However, coculture of the cytokine-primed MSCs with phytohemagglutinin-activated T-cells dampened IL-6 secretion to a level that was significantly lower than that observed with naïve MSCs-phytohemagglutinin-activated T-cells coculture (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cytokine-primed UC-MSCs significantly upregulated CD25+ expression on T-cells, while hindering IL-6, without affecting their proliferation rate. This may point to potentially stronger antiviral effects, while alleviating the viral infection-induced cytokine storm.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251315007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring and immunogenetic factors associated with the use of adalimumab in Crohn's disease patients.","authors":"Livia Moreira Genaro, Juliana Carron, Marina Moreira de Castro, Ana Paula Menezes de Freitas Franceschini, Gustavo Jacob Lourenço, Cristiane Kibune Nagasako Vieira da Cruz, Glaucia Fernanda Soares Rupert Reis, Livia Bitencourt Pascoal, Juliana Delgado Campos Mello, Isabela Machado Pereira, Millene Leal Nascimento, Priscilla De Sene Portel Oliveira, Ligiana Pires Corona, Maria de Lourdes Setsuko Ayrizono, Carmen Silvia Passos Lima, Raquel Franco Leal","doi":"10.1177/03946320251319379","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251319379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crohn's disease (CD) involves immune system interactions with intestinal tissue, driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines like Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α). Adalimumab, targeting TNF-α, regulates associated inflammatory responses. Despite being humanized, it may induce immunogenic processes, affecting treatment effectiveness. Thus, monitoring serum adalimumab and anti-drug antibody (ADA) levels can optimize therapy. Understanding genetic factors influencing adalimumab response can enhance personalized treatment and improve patient quality of life. We aimed to quantify adalimumab serum levels, assess test interchangeability, detect ADA, examine immune complex formation, and investigate genetic phenotypes related to immunogenicity in CD patients. Seventy CD patients in the maintenance phase with adalimumab were classified into active (CDA) and remission (CDR) groups. Adalimumab concentration was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-Promonitor) and lateral flow assay (Quantum Blue), with assay interchangeability assessed statistically. ADA and immune complex formation were quantified using ELISA assays. DNA was genotyped for the genes <i>ATG16L1</i>, <i>CD96</i>, and <i>CD155</i>. No significant differences in adalimumab serum concentrations were observed between groups, regardless of the assay. However, a statistical difference between the tests indicated measurement disparity (<i>P</i> = 0.003), with moderate agreement (Lin's correlation of 0.247). ADA was detected in 4 of 27 of the patients with infratherapeutic levels, 3 in the CDA group and 1 in the CDR group. Analysis of immune complexes revealed significantly higher concentrations in the CDA group (<i>P</i> = 0.0125). The genotypic evaluation revealed significant associations for the <i>CD96</i> CC (wild-type) genotype with higher CRP levels, colonic involvement, and infratherapeutic levels of adalimumab. <i>ATG16L1</i> CC genotype was associated with higher CDEIS and fecal calprotectin values, while the variant (TT) genotype had lower platelet counts. The effectiveness of treatment with adalimumab was not directly related to higher medication levels in this cohort. The disparity between tests indicates the need to use only one test in patient follow-up to ensure accuracy in therapeutic monitoring. Genotypic differences highlight the correlation between the wild genotype for <i>CD96</i> and <i>ATG16L1</i> with unfavorable laboratory and endoscopic response to adalimumab. Finally, the more significant levels of immune complexes in the CDA group indicate an association with a worse response to adalimumab.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251319379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of anti-GFAP antibodies increases CGRP expression and increases pain hypersensitivity in spinal cord injured animals.","authors":"Georgene W Hergenroeder, Samuel T Molina, Juan J Herrera","doi":"10.1177/03946320251320754","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251320754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a multitude of cellular and pathological changes including neuronal loss, axonal damage, gliosis, and loss of motor and sensory function. In 40%-70% of patients, SCI can also trigger the development of neuropathic pain. Our previous study demonstrated that SCI patients who developed autoantibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were at increased risk for the subsequent development of neuropathic pain. However, whether GFAP autoantibodies (GFAPab) contribute to the development of neuropathic pain after SCI had yet to be examined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Using a mid-thoracic contusion model of SCI in male Sprague-Dawley rats, we examined the effect of exogenous anti-GFAP antibodies on SCI pathology, pain-associated molecular changes, and behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anti-GFAP or IgG was administered at 7- and 14-days post-injury. Immunohistochemistry was performed to measure the relative levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and inflammatory proteins in dorsal horn tissue. To assess the development of neuropathic pain, the von Frey test and the Mechanical Conflict-Avoidance Paradigm (MCAP) were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CGRP immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the anti-GFAP-treated injured rats compared to control SCI IgG-treated rats. As anticipated, SCI rats had a lower pain threshold at 1- and 2-months post-injury compared to laminectomy-only controls. However, pain withdrawal threshold was not significantly affected by post-injury administration of the anti-GFAP. Operant testing revealed that SCI rats treated with the anti-GFAP had a trending increase in pain sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, these data suggest that autoantibodies to GFAP following SCI may contribute to developing pain states following SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251320754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}