International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Beyond antibiotic prophylaxis: A scoping review of infective endocarditis prevention in the device era.","authors":"Flamur Aliu, Aida Meto, Iliriana Aliu, Luljeta Durmishi Maqedonci, Argjira Juniku Shkololli, Leona Jashari","doi":"10.1177/03946320261476799","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261476799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a severe condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Dental procedures involving manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region may cause transient bacteremia, making prevention strategies at the dental-medical interface clinically important. Current guidance emphasizes selective antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) for patients at the highest cardiac risk while prioritizing long-term oral health maintenance. This scoping review synthesizes contemporary evidence (2021-2025) and major international guidelines to clarify the relationship between invasive dental procedures (IDPs) and IE, identify patients who may benefit from AP, and outline practical prevention strategies in dental practice. A PRISMA-ScR-guided scoping review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE (January 2021-October 2025), with citation tracking of key guidelines, including those from the American Heart Association (2021), European Society of Cardiology (2023), and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Thirty-four studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final evidence synthesis. The evidence base comprised international guidelines, systematic reviews, observational studies, registry analyses, and narrative reviews relevant to IE prevention and dental management. AHA and ESC recommend antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with high-risk cardiac conditions undergoing IDPs, defined as procedures involving gingival or periapical manipulation or mucosal perforation. NICE guidance does not recommend routine prophylaxis but supports individualized decision-making and informed consent. Contemporary data indicate the strongest short-term association between IDPs and IE following tooth extractions and oral surgical procedures in high-risk patients. In these groups, AP has been associated with reduced IE incidence, with estimated numbers needed to prevent one case of approximately 244 for all IDPs, 143 for extractions, and 71 for oral surgery. Evolving epidemiology underscores the need for accurate cardiac risk stratification. Prevention should focus on identifying high-risk patients, maintaining oral health, communicating procedural risks, and applying selective AP when indicated, although evidence remains largely observational.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261476799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Adipose stem cells' antagonism in glycosylation of D-galactose-induced skin aging of nude mice and its skin recovery function.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03946320261439964","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261439964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261439964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory and neuroinjury blood biomarkers across COVID-19 severity groups in individuals with persistent neurological symptoms.","authors":"Chanida Ruchisrisarod, Thongchai Kaewpom, Phanni Wanthong, Watayuth Luechaipanit, Saowalak Bunprakob, Weenassarin Ampoot, Siriporn Yomrat, Pasin Hemachudha, Thirawat Supharatpariyakorn, Poosanu Thanapornsangsuth, Rachaneekorn Tammachote, Abhinbhen W Saraya","doi":"10.1177/03946320261465568","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320261465568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent neurological symptoms such as cognitive impairment, fatigue, and neuropsychiatric disturbances are increasingly reported in patients with long COVID, with chronic neuroinflammation and neuronal injury proposed as potential contributors. To characterize inflammatory and neuroinjury-related biomarker patterns, we conducted a case-control study including 325 participants recruited at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between January 2022 and December 2023, comprising 265 individuals with persistent neurological symptoms following COVID-19 infection and 60 asymptomatic COVID-19 participants who did not develop long COVID symptoms. Blood samples were analysed for inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-4) using multiplex immunoassays, and for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), phosphorylated tau181, and beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ40, Aβ42) using SIMOA and ELISA platforms. Among 265 participants with complete data (critical = 7, severe = 22, moderate = 79, mild = 157), patients with severe and critical COVID-19 exhibited significantly higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8, together with elevated NfL, GFAP, and phosphorylated tau181 levels, and reduced Aβ42/40 ratios. Strong positive correlations between neurodegenerative biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed in critically ill patients, whereas these associations were weak or absent in mild and moderate cases. Older age was also associated with greater disease severity and increased risk of persistent neurological complications. These findings indicate that individuals with persistent neurological symptoms following COVID-19, particularly those with a history of severe or critical disease, exhibited higher inflammatory and neuroinjury-related biomarker levels, while blood-based biomarkers such as NfL, GFAP, and phosphorylated tau181 may serve as minimally invasive tools for characterizing neurological involvement and identifying patients at risk of long-term neurological sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"40 ","pages":"3946320261465568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13376473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin expression patterns and immune cell infiltration in prostate adenocarcinoma: Implications for recurrence risk.","authors":"Jialong Zhang, Cong Huang, Xu Wang, Jun He, Hongzhi Wang, Chaozhao Liang","doi":"10.1177/03946320251328476","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251328476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to comprehensively investigate the expression profiles of interleukins in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and their relationship with immune cell infiltration, tumor progression, and patient prognosis. By establishing an interleukin-related risk score, we seek to enhance the understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment and facilitate the development of tailored immunotherapeutic strategies for PRAD patients.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Interleukins can nurture a tumor promoting environment and simultaneously regulate immune cell infiltration. However, the potential roles of interleukins in the prostate adenocarcinoma immune landscape remain abstruse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We comprehensively investigated the interleukin expression patterns and tumor immune landscape of prostate adenocarcinoma patients. And explored the interleukin expression patterns with immune infiltration landscape. The interleukin score was established using LASSO cox regression analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed to assess the prognostic value of the interleukin score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified two distinct interleukin clusters, characterized by different immune cell infiltration, tumor promoting signaling pathways activation and prognosis. The interleukin score was established to estimate the prognosis of individual prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) patient. Further analysis demonstrated that the interleukin score was an independent prognostic factor of PRAD. Finally, we investigated the predictive value of interleukin score in the programmed cell death protein (PD-1) blockade therapy of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. At the same time, the differences in related genes among different prostate cell lines were also identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated the correlation between interleukin and tumor immune landscape in prostate adenocarcinoma. The comprehensive evaluation of interleukin expression patterns in individual prostate patients contribute to our understanding of the immune landscape and helps clinicians selecting proper immunotherapy strategies for prostate patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251328476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis of crosstalk genes and diagnostic biomarkers in lupus-associated osteoporosis.","authors":"Zhihan Chen, Yunfeng Dai, Fei Gao, Jianwen Liu, Juanjuan He, Li Zhang, Yanfang Wu","doi":"10.1177/03946320251331842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320251331842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis (OP) than the general population. This study aimed to identify crosstalk genes between SLE and OP and to validate their diagnostic accuracy as biomarkers. Data analysis based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets was conducted. We utilized Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis to identify crosstalk genes (CGs). Machine learning algorithms and consensus clustering were applied to screen shared diagnostic biomarkers and construct two predictive models featuring key genes. We also investigated potential subgroups, immune infiltration across different subtypes, and validated hub mRNAs using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Molecular docking was performed to simulate the interaction of a small molecule compound with its target. We identified 19 CGs and developed two predictive models: the IL1R2-GADD45B and CHI3L1-IL1R2-SPTLC2 diagnostic score thresholds. The CHI3L1-IL1R2-SPTLC2 model showed improved predictive accuracy for lupus-associated osteoporosis. The C2 subtype was found to potentially regulate bone metabolism in SLE patients. Immune infiltration analysis indicated a strong association between CGs and multiple immunocytes, with IL1R2 being a common element in both models. Molecular docking suggests that Anakinra's therapeutic effect may involve IL1R2. Our study introduces novel diagnostic biomarkers and predictive models for lupus-associated osteoporosis, with a particular focus on IL1R2 as an innovative biomarker and therapeutic target. These are anticipated to aid early screening and risk assessment in SLE patients, pending large-scale clinical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251331842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapamycin ameliorates inflammatory pain via recovery of autophagy flux mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the rat spinal cord.","authors":"Jiawei Zhang, Shi Chen, Rongyi Zhang, Xiaoting Zheng, Chang Liu, Jiqian Zhang, Lei Zhang, Zhilai Yang, Likui Wang","doi":"10.1177/03946320251317284","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251317284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of rapamycin on inflammatory pain in rats.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inflammatory pain is a kind of pathological pain caused by inflammatory mediators or factors such as TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α), IL-1β (Interleukin-1β), and IL-6 (Interleukin-6). NSAIDs and opioid analgesics are commonly used for relieving inflammatory pain, but the side effects limit their clinical application. New drugs based on new mechanisms for inflammatory pain are urgently needed. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic process for lysosomal degradation of intracellular components. Recent reports indicate the involvement of autophagy in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain, but the role of autophagy in inflammatory pain still needs to be explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pain-related behaviors of rats were studied by paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency. The autophagy level of the rat spinal cord was detected by western blots. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency were both significantly decreased after CFA (Complete Freund's Adjuvant) injection, accompanied by the activation of mTOR signaling pathway and the inhibited autophagy flux in the spinal cord. And inflammatory cytokines were increased in the spinal cord after CFA injection. Then, we studied the effect of rapamycin on CFA-induced inflammatory pain in rats, and found that rapamycin restored the autophagy flux and significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. In addition, rapamycin significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 after CFA injection in the spinal cord.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggested that rapamycin might be a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory pain by restoring the autophagy flux in the spinal cord.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251317284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociation between the expression of cGAS/STING and a senescence-associated signature in colon cancer.","authors":"Sofian Al Shboul, Ola Abu Al Karsaneh, Moath Alrjoub, Mohammad Al-Qudah, Mohammed El-Sadoni, Ahmad Alhesa, Mohannad Ramadan, Marwa Barukba, Esraa Fares Al-Quran, Amr Masaadeh, Farah N Almasri, Uruk Shahin, Moureq R Alotaibi, Mohammad Al-Azab, Ashraf I Khasawneh, Tareq Saleh","doi":"10.1177/03946320251324821","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251324821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The effect of the cGAS/STING pathway on antitumor immunity and its connection to senescence in vivo necessitates further investigation.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cellular senescence and its secretory phenotype (the SASP) are implicated in modulating the immune microenvironment of cancer possibly through the cGAS/STING pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gene expression data from paired colon cancer and adjacent non-malignant mucosa (98 patients, <i>n</i> = 196 samples; 65 patients, <i>n</i> = 130 samples) were analyzed for cGAS/STING and a senescence signature. Immunohistochemistry assessed cGAS/STING protein expression in 124 colorectal samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately one-quarter of patients displayed senescence profiles in both gene sets, yet without significantly correlating with cGAS/STING expression. Notably, cGAS expression was higher than STING in tumor tissue compared to non-malignant colonic mucosa. Protein analysis showed 83% positive cGAS expression and 39% positive STING expression, with discrepancies in expression patterns. Additionally, 15% of samples lacked both markers, while 35% exhibited positive staining for both. No significant correlations were found between cGAS/STING status and tumor stage, patient age, lymphovascular invasion, or lymph node involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate significant senescence marker expression in colorectal cancer samples but with no correlation with cGAS/STING.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251324821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemotherapy elevates cell surface PD-L1 and MHC-I expression in apoptotic gastric cancer cells.","authors":"You-Syuan Lou, Xu-Chen Liu, Chih-Cheng Cheng, Yi-Hsuan Yin, Tzu-Cheng Chien, Pei-Ling Hsu, Chu-Wan Lee, Hsin-Hsien Yu, Bor-Chyuan Su","doi":"10.1177/03946320251338662","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251338662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score is used as a patient selection tool and predictive factor for anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 therapy in gastric cancer. However, the expression of PD-L1 and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) can be affected by conventional treatment approaches.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we examined the effects of chemotherapy on surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I expression in living and apoptotic gastric cancer cells. AGS (moderately differentiated) and SNU-1 (poorly differentiated) cells were treated 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), cisplatin, mitomycin c (MMC), and FOLFOX (5-Fu, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To quantify the expression levels of surface PD-L1 or surface MHC-I on living and apoptotic cells, the cells were co-stained with annexin V and PD-L1 or MHC-I antibodies. The percentages of single positive (annexin V-negative, PD-L1-positive; annexin V-negative, MHC-I-positive) and double positive (annexin V-positive, PD-L1-positive; annexin V-positive, MHC-I-positive) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Every tested chemotherapeutic agent increased the levels of surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I, although the extents of increase differed in AGS and SNU-1 cells. In AGS cells, 5-Fu caused the largest increases in surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I. However, 5-Fu caused the weakest increases in surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I in SNU-1 cells. Notably, chemotherapy-mediated increases in surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I mostly occurred on apoptotic cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reveal that chemotherapy mainly increases surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I on apoptotic gastric cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251338662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in immunocompromised cancer patients.","authors":"Samah Radwan, Dalia Y Kadry, Rana Hamdy, Mahmoud M Kamel, Abrar S Alsulami, Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim, Dina M Elkhashab","doi":"10.1177/03946320251352258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320251352258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze <i>MRSA</i> isolates from pediatric cancer patients, determine the prevalence of PVL genes and assess their clinical implications.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)</i> infections pose significant challenges in pediatric oncology settings. Understanding the prevalence, genotypic characteristics, and antibiotic resistance patterns of <i>MRSA</i> aids in improving patients' outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 120 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from patients receiving chemotherapy for treatment of malignant diseases and developing BSIs during febrile episodes were examined. Isolates were identified using Gram staining, biochemical tests, and VITEK 2-Compact 15. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Molecular characterization included PCR assays for <i>16S rDNA</i>, multiplex PCR for <i>femA, mecA</i>, and <i>PVL</i> genes, and <i>SCC_mec</i> type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 120 isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus, 97</i> (80%) isolate possessed mecA gene and were identified as <i>MRSA, MRSA</i> bacteremia harboring <i>PVL</i> gene was detected in cancer patients in Egypt at 26.8% of <i>MRSA</i> isolates. The study identified a higher fatality rate in patients aged 6-10 years (26.7%) compared to other age groups (<i>p</i> < 0.044). Deceased patients exhibited higher leukocyte counts and lower platelet counts. Solid tumor patients had significantly higher neutrophil and monocyte counts. <i>Type II</i> of <i>SCC_mec</i> correlated with survival and mortality, with the <i>PVL</i> gene being a significant factor. <i>Type III</i> showed a higher prevalence of <i>femA and mecA</i> among survivors, while <i>Type IVb</i> was associated with better outcomes. Antibiotic susceptibility revealed high resistance to cefoxitin, cefepime, and Tazocin, but better sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, particularly in <i>Types IV</i> and <i>V</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the age-related fatality differences and the impact of HCV infection on survival rates. Hematologic parameters and <i>SCC_mec types</i> play a crucial role in patient outcomes. The observed antibiotic resistance patterns necessitate the need for targeted therapies based on <i>MRSA SCC_mec types</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251352258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of β and α1-adrenoceptors in pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis, apoptosis, and fibrosis in dexamethasone-treated rats: A new insight into β-arrestin2 crosstalk with cAMP, PKA-ERK1/2-CREB, and PKB-FOXO1 signaling pathways.","authors":"Nehal S Wahba, Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan, Dalia A Hemead, Alaa S Wahba, Islam A A E-H Ibrahim, Mona F Mahmoud, Maryam A Al-Ghamdi, Etimad Huwait, Mostafa E El-Naggar","doi":"10.1177/03946320251365089","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320251365089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to investigate the role of β and α1-adrenoceptors in pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis, apoptosis, and fibrosis in a rat model of dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Insulin resistance is a hallmark of metabolic syndrome and is often linked to glucocorticoid excess. β- and α1-adrenoceptors are key modulators of glucose metabolism and tissue remodeling, yet their roles in pancreatic dysfunction under metabolic stress remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence highlights β-arrestin2 as a key mediator of apoptosis and fibrosis beyond classical G protein signaling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Insulin resistance was induced in rats by subcutaneous dexamethasone (10 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. The therapeutic effects of carvedilol, phenylephrine, phenylephrine + carvedilol, propranolol, doxazosin, and doxazosin + propranolol were evaluated in relation to glucose homeostasis and pancreatic apoptotic/fibrotic signaling.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Dexamethasone impaired glucose homeostasis, expanded islet mass, and triggered pancreatic cell apoptosis and fibrosis via upregulated BAX/Bcl-2 expression ratio, downregulated cAMP, upregulated PKA, ERK1/2, and CREB expression with elevated PKB activity and reduced FOXO1 expression. % Level of β-arrestin2 was reduced in pancreatic islets and elevated in exocrine pancreas in relation to the aforementioned modulations. Blockade of β- or α1-adrenoceptors significantly ameliorated these effects, with combined blockade yielding superior benefits. Carvedilol's effects were largely β-mediated, with minor α1 involvement. Low-dose phenylephrine yielded modest improvement, supporting a context-dependent, protective role of α1-adrenoceptor activation during metabolic stress. The dependence of drugs' effects on β-arrestin2 highlights its potential as a central regulator of pancreatic remodeling and a promising target in IR-linked pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48647,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"39 ","pages":"3946320251365089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12489202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}