Structures最新文献

{"title":"Image-based topology optimization using a deep learning-driven optimizer network","authors":"Masoomeh Arobli,&nbsp;Nasser Taghizadieh,&nbsp;Ali Hadidi,&nbsp;Saman Yaghmaei-Sabegh","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To tackle the challenges of high computational costs, complex parameter tuning, and convergence, this paper introduces the Optimizer-Net model. This groundbreaking deep neural network leverages image-based datasets to supersede explicit programming and lengthy, time-consuming, and iterative numerical computations, seamlessly integrating computer vision into topology optimization. We developed a benchmark method for generating image datasets based on structural behavior. The dataset comprises pairs of images: energy contour images derived from normalized energy, representing structural behavior under applied loads, and the corresponding optimized structure images to showcase diverse features, including textures, colors, and contour variations, providing a rich foundation for training the model. Optimizer-Net analyzes the high-dimensional information of energy contour data and extracts latent features from the images, utilizing optimized structures as a mask to effectively guide the training process. The model was evaluated using two loss functions: Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Cross-Entropy. Results show consistently decreasing training and validation losses, demonstrating superior optimization performance, with MSE achieving 97.123 % accuracy in predicting optimal structures. Optimization times were improved significantly, reducing to 0.219 seconds with MSE and 0.244 seconds with Cross-Entropy. By circumventing typical constraints like mesh grids, iterative loops, and computationally intensive analyses, Optimizer-Net enhances process efficiency, delivering near-instantaneous results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the dynamic response and incremental damage of the ancient masonry pagoda under the mainshock-aftershock sequence","authors":"Junlong Lu ,&nbsp;Jiarui Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Wu,&nbsp;Mingdong Li,&nbsp;Zhenshan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ancient masonry pagodas are susceptible to cracking under seismic excitation, and damage accumulation becomes more complex with subsequent earthquakes. To research the dynamic response and incremental damage mechanism under seismic sequences, the Changle Pagoda in Shaanxi, China, was selected. A more refined numerical model was constructed using the finite element software ABAQUS via a separate modeling. Multiple mainshock-aftershock sequences were constructed, and the dynamic response of the pagoda structure was computed. The tensile damage and equivalent plastic strain distribution were analyzed, and a quantitative assessment of the incremental damage was conducted. Results show that when the mainshock intensity was 0.2 g, damage was concentrated around openings and mortar joints, with a damage volume ratio of 0.1–0.15. As aftershock intensity increased, mortar joints interconnected, raising the damage volume ratio by about 0.03. At a mainshock intensity of 0.4 g, the damage volume ratio in lower-floor masonry exceeded 0.3, with damage propagating upward, causing cracks at the eaves corners and a maximum volume ratio increase of 0.05. The incremental damage index increased with aftershock peak acceleration, mainly influenced by mainshock intensity and post-mainshock damage. Aftershocks aggravated mainshock-induced damage, leading to “secondary damage,” and the cumulative damage effect intensified as the aftershock-to-mainshock peak acceleration ratio increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and piezoresistive behaviour of 3D printed self-sensing one-way concrete slab","authors":"Junbo Sun ,&nbsp;Farhad Aslani ,&nbsp;Dhruv Mann ,&nbsp;Bo Huang ,&nbsp;Jin Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-sensing concrete is a smart concrete that can sense the stress, strain and to predict the cracking in concrete members. This study utilizes an extrusion-based 3D machine to print self-sensing reinforced one-way concrete slabs to compare with casted counterparts. Activated carbon powder and carbon fibres were used in the mix to act as functional fillers for the self-sensing concrete, improve the fibre alignment and to enhance the fibre-matrix bond of the 3D printed sample. Mechanical experiments (compressive and four-point flexural strength), electrical resistivity as well as piezoresistive response are conducted to understand the cracking behaviour. The carbon composites also enhance the mechanical strength of the concrete mix, reaching 56.02 MPa of compression strength in the parallel print direction and 355.55 Ω.cm of resistivity. Furthermore, the piezoresistive response of the prisms was also investigated, the perpendicularly printed 3D specimens provided the best response, exhibiting a strong fit with the predictive equation. This study presents a novel approach to fabricating self-sensing concrete slabs using 3D printing, enhancing their potential for real-time structural health monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural behavior of partially filled-narrow steel box-UHPC-NC composite beams under negative moment","authors":"Junxiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Yan Zheng ,&nbsp;Xinning Tan ,&nbsp;Jianfan Liu ,&nbsp;Hailin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a partially filled-narrow steel box-ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)- normal concrete (NC) composite beam. Static loading test was conducted on partially filled narrow steel box-UHPC-NC composite beams under negative moments, with test parameters including reinforcement ratio, flange materials and the height of the infilled concrete. The mechanical mechanism of the composite beams and the influence law of each parameter on the flexural capacity were analyzed. The calculation formula of the moment at a crack width of 0.05 mm and the ultimate flexural capacity of composite beams were proposed. The results demonstrated that the overall performance of the composite beams was satisfactory, with all the specimens displaying distinct bending failure characteristics. Increasing the steel fiber volume content of UHPC in the flange from 0 to 2 % resulted in a 50.8 % increase in cracking load. When the reinforcement ratio increased from 1.5 % to 2 % and 3 %, the ultimate flexural capacity of the composite beams improved by 3.2 % and 8.2 %, respectively, although ductility decreased. The height of the infilled concrete significantly influenced the failure modes and flexural capacity of the composite beams, composite beams with infilled concrete exhibited a 45.4 % increase in ultimate flexural capacity compared to those without. The theoretical values derived from the proposed formulas for the moment at a crack width of 0.05 mm and ultimate flexural capacity aligned closely with the experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The axial compressive performance of CFSP walls under the multi-axial strength theory","authors":"Hongmei Xiao ,&nbsp;Limeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Chunwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research proposes one theoretical method to estimate both the axial compressive strength and the compressive deformation behaviour of a sandwich composite shear wall. The concrete-filled bilateral steel plate (CFSP) composite shear wall consists of one rectangular steel box in which the lateral steel plates are interconnected by binding bars and infilled concrete. The tri-axial compressive strength of infilled concrete and equivalent compressive strength of the steel plate are estimated according to the Guo-Wang failure criteria and Von Mises criteria, respectively, considering their mutual strengthening interaction. The equivalent uniaxial strain rules and Popovis equation are utilized to represent the compressive stress-strain curve of concrete and further predict the force-displacement behaviour. The local buckling displacement distribution mode of the lateral steel plate is proposed and the local buckling coefficient and the critical spacing to thickness ratio are achieved accordingly. Nonlinear static analysis of compressive behaviour of these specimens is carried out in ABAQUS. It is observed that both the FEM force-displacement curves and the theoretical curves agree well with represent the experimental curves. Considering the tri-axial compressive enhancement of concrete, a practical design formula to predict the axial compressive capacity of CFSP walls is proposed and exhibit good accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of Friction Damper Parallel Composite Buckling-Restrained Bracing","authors":"Yanchao Yue ,&nbsp;Yuhang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenxiao Li ,&nbsp;Changxing Li ,&nbsp;Yuetong Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengzhe Jiang ,&nbsp;Shaohui Dang ,&nbsp;Bonan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the energy dissipation capability of flexural restraint bracing under various seismic activity, this study introduces a novel second-order energy-dissipating system—referred to as the Friction Damper Parallel Composite Buckling-Restrained Brace (FDBRB)—which combines buckling-restrained brace (BRB) and friction dampers in parallel. This paper details the configuration, restoring force model, and constraint ratio formula of the FDBRB system. Experimental investigations, including quasi-static tests on two friction damper specimens, one BRB specimen, and one FDBRB specimen, were conducted to evaluate the FDBRB’s performance and assess the contributions of its friction damper and BRB components. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate key parameters, including the core unit’s constraint state (width ratio) and the load distribution between the BRB section and friction damper section (load ratio). Results show that under minor seismic excitation, the friction damper section effectively dissipates energy. As seismic intensity increases, the BRB section core yields and continues to dissipate energy, thereby reducing overall seismic impact. The FDBRB design meets seismic requirements for minor earthquakes and exhibits enhanced energy dissipation performance compared to conventional BRB systems across all seismic stages. Furthermore, integrating friction damper section does not degrade the mechanical properties of the BRB section component within the FDBRB. The proposed constraint ratio formula effectively reduces the risk of global instability in the FDBRB, while optimized parameters—such as constraint width ratio and load ratio—ensure consistent energy dissipation throughout its service life. Compared to traditional BRBs, the FDBRB system offers notable advantages in energy dissipation across all seismic stages and serves as a reliable design solution for instability prevention. These findings provide important guidance for the optimized design and practical application of BRBs in future seismic engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the bond performance between non-uniformly corroded bimetallic steel bars and concrete","authors":"Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Mi Pan ,&nbsp;Xuanyi Xue ,&nbsp;Neng Wang ,&nbsp;Lepeng Huang ,&nbsp;Jianmin Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion of steel bars inevitably exists in reinforced concrete structures, which significantly affects the bonding performance between steel bars and concrete. Due to the protection of concrete, the steel bars in structures usually undergo non-uniform corrosion. However, previous studies on bonding properties were mainly based on uniform corrosion, limiting the accuracy of structural safety assessment. In this study, the bond performance between an innovative corrosion-resistant bimetallic steel bar and seawater concrete (BSBSC) after corrosion was evaluated. An accelerated corrosion method was designed to obtain uniform and non-uniform corrosion BSBSC specimens, and the bond pull-out tests of 44 BSBSC specimens were carried out. The experimental results indicate that, compared with uniform corrosion, non-uniform corrosion specimens have larger widths of rust expansion cracks under similar corrosion degrees. The bond strength of BSBSCs with uniform corrosion can increase by up to 45.85 % at the initial stage of corrosion. Meanwhile, the bond stress of BSBSCs with non-uniform corrosion decreases significantly even at a relatively low corrosion degree. Non-uniform corrosion has a more significant impact on the bond slip. When the corrosion degree exceeds 1 %, bond slip is close to 0. A bond stress-slip constitutive model was proposed, which can predict the bond behavior within the corrosion degree range of 1–15 %. Based on the experimental and theoretical analysis results, the modification of bond anchorage length in the current code was proposed to take the influence of non-uniform corrosion into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected closed-form algebraic solutions for linear stress and buckling analyses of elastic shear-flexible axisymmetric cylindrical shells","authors":"Achilleas Filippidis,&nbsp;Adam J. Sadowski","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a systematic analytical treatment of finite transverse shear strains in cylindrical shells using first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), applied as an extension to classical thin shell elastic bending theory. The theory is illustrated on linear stress and, in particular, linear bifurcation buckling analyses of two fundamental reference load cases (axisymmetric cylinders under uniform meridional compression and uniform external pressure), with the stability analysis including non-shallow terms in addition to the transverse shear strains. Excellent agreement with FE solutions is demonstrated in a series of examples, with thick shell results characterised by increased flexibility compared against classical thin shell theories while also tending to the latter in the appropriate limit. The closed-form algebraic results presented in this paper will be particularly useful for developers of buckling design formulae, such as those which figure in the capacity curve framework of EN 1993-1-6 (2025), who currently resort to ad-hoc empirical modifications to classical ‘thin’ shell reference results to account for finite thickness effects even in shells of low relative slenderness which buckle with significant plastification. Detailed Excel and Python implementations are provided via GitHub.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation analysis of high-speed railway CFG pile composite subgrade during shield tunnel underpassing","authors":"Erdong Guo ,&nbsp;Haoran Hu ,&nbsp;Jinxing Lai ,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Siyue He ,&nbsp;Guanhua Cui ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Lixin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of China's high-speed railway and subway systems, numerous interconnected projects have emerged. Engineers have widely adopted CFG pile composite foundations to reinforce weak high-speed railway subgrades, yet theoretical research on their behavior during tunnel underpassing remains limited. Focusing on a shield tunnel project underpass high-speed railway (Xulan High-Speed Rail in Xi'an Metro), this study investigated the subgrade deformation failure mechanism during tunneling through multi-scale methods such as theoretical analysis, model tests, and numerical simulations. Results indicate that ground loss rate and the distance between pile bases and the tunnel most significantly affect subgrade deformation. At ground loss rates of 0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 %, the maximum subgrade settlements were 3.2 mm, 6.4 mm, and 9.6 mm, respectively. Finally, control criteria for subgrade deformation zoning based on settlement U were established: strong influence zone (U ≥ 8 mm), weak influence zone (4 ≤ U &lt; 8 mm), and non-affected zone (U &lt; 4 mm).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of utilizing simple mechanical truss joints on the performance of hybrid truss-concrete beams subjected to bending","authors":"Ahmed Yaseen Al-Tuhami ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ghallab ,&nbsp;Al-Tuhami Abuzeid Al-Tuhami","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changing the shape of concrete beam reinforcement to traditional hybrid rebar trussed skeletons enhances the structural integrity of concrete beams. However, eccentricities occur within the system joints due to misalignment between the diagonal axes and the top and bottom chord axes, causing complex stresses and potential buckling. Problems with cold bending and welding of the diagonals may also result in fractures in the bending zone at the upper chord joints and at the welding points in the lower chord joints. To address these challenges, this study introduces two new truss systems with simplified mechanical joints. Eight large-scale specimens were fabricated and tested in bending under four-point loads. Two of these specimens were regular hybrid trusses with welded joints: one was tested in phase I, without concrete, and the other was tested in phase II as a composite beam. The remaining six specimens were fabricated to test the hybrid truss systems with two innovative mechanical joints. Two specimens were tested in phase I and four in phase II. Factors such as beam depth, span-to-depth ratio, and the laminar truss angles in the lateral direction were studied and compared with the traditional system with welding joints. Results show that replacing welded joints with mechanical joints enhanced the beam system performance in both stages I and II in terms of load capacities, distributed stresses more evenly, and reduced the likelihood of joint failure and premature collapse in Phase I. In addition, the implementation of the proposed mechanical joints led to an increase in the maximum load-to-yield load ratio by as much as 14 %. This enables more energy to be absorbed before failure and acts as a visible warning sign before total collapse occurs, which is an essential aspect in phase I.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 109224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}