Structures最新文献

{"title":"Flexural behavior of CFRP-strengthened and end-anchored RC beams with large fiber anchors","authors":"Maha Assad ,&nbsp;Rami A. Hawileh ,&nbsp;Jamal A. Abdalla ,&nbsp;Tarek Alkhrdaji","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental study on the flexural strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded CFRP sheets combined with carbon fiber anchors to prevent premature debonding and improve flexural capacity. Ten RC beams were externally strengthened with CFRP and anchored with different configurations of carbon fiber anchors. The behavior of the beams with anchors was compared to the behavior of a control beam without anchors and to a benchmark beam without strengthening. The anchor parameters tested in this experimental program include CFRP anchor diameter, embedment depth, fan length, and fan angle. The response of the tested beams was analyzed and discussed in terms of failure modes, load-deflection curves, flexural strength, ultimate strain in the CFRP laminates, and ductility. Test results showed that the application of end-anchorage can significantly enhance the flexural performance of CFRP-strengthened RC beams, increasing the ultimate load-carrying capacity and improving the beams behavior at failure. The anchored beams exhibited increases in ultimate load-carrying capacity ranging from 7 % to 32 %, with the highest improvements observed for beams with larger anchor diameters (24 mm). The study also highlights the need for prediction models to account for anchor contributions and calls for further experimental research to improve the reliability of design guidelines. These findings show that anchoring CFRP sheets effectively prevents premature debonding and ensures that RC beams can safely achieve higher flexural capacities and ductility in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen/methane explosion loads and their effects on high-performance concrete: A comprehensive review","authors":"Di Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Ruizhe Shao ,&nbsp;Chengqing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global energy sector transitions toward sustainability, hydrogen and natural gas (methane) are emerging as pivotal fuels. However, the explosive nature of these fuels poses substantial risks, highlighting the need for precise explosion-loading predictions and robust blast-resistant infrastructure. Although high-performance concrete (HPC) and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) show promise for such infrastructure, their performance under gaseous explosions remains insufficiently understood. This review consolidated current methods for predicting hydrogen/methane explosion loads and for assessing structural response of HPC/UHPC members. Experimental tests (under unconfined, semi-confined, confined, vented, and congested conditions), empirical models (TNT equivalence, multi-energy), and numerical simulations (ranging from one-step to detailed reaction CFD) were examined. Recent advancements in data-driven prediction, such as machine learning and graph neural networks, show potential for improving prediction speed. Particularly, the SALE method, a computationally efficient approach based on user-defined detonation parameters, demonstrated its ability to model a wide range of gas detonations and structural damage scenarios in hydrocodes like LS-DYNA. Key gaps include the lack of dimensionless predictive models and universal data-driven frameworks for diverse blast scenarios. Future research should focus on improving deflagration-load predictions, expanding experimental and numerical databases, and integrating advanced machine learning techniques with numerical simulations to ensure the resilience and safety of HPC/UHPC systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance evaluation of steel frame systems with self-centering beam-column joints and self-centering column bases","authors":"Zi-Qin Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Han ,&nbsp;Zuo-Song Zhuang ,&nbsp;Ke Ke ,&nbsp;Wen-Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper applied a new type of self-centering prestressed beam-column joint with weakened flange cover plates (SPPSJ) and column base (SPSCB) to steel frames, forming a prefabricated self-centering steel frame system (SCBCSF). The seismic performance and collapse resistance performance of the SCBCSF were evaluated. A six-story steel frame was designed, including four structural types and eight layout schemes. OpenSees was utilized to establish numerical models. Seismic time-history analysis and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) were conducted. The results show that SCBCSF exhibits excellent post-earthquake self-centering capability. The seismic performance of the SCBCSF meets the requirements of Building Seismic Design Codes. The self-centering effect of SPPSJs when located only at the first floor is not ideal; SPPSJs placed inside the plane or in floors where time-history analysis predicts peak story drift exceeding 1 % effectively reduces post-earthquake residual displacement. The arrangements of SPSCBs along the inner and outer sides of the plane have little impact on the self-centering effect. The collapse margin ratio (CMR) of the SCBCSF is slightly lower than the rigd steel frame (RSF) but still meets the collapse performance requirements. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and application of the SCBCSF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance and post-earthquake function recovery of prefabricated reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints","authors":"Yongkun Du ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Mingsheng He ,&nbsp;Hongbo Wu ,&nbsp;Junyi He ,&nbsp;Yushan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of structural recoverability has emerged as a crucial performance objective in the seismic design of structures. This paper introduces a novel replaceable prefabricated RC beam-column composite energy dissipation joint, which primarily consists of composite energy-dissipation boxes (EDBs) and friction side plates (FSPs). A total of three specimens were fabricated, and low-cycle reciprocating tests were conducted to investigate their failure modes, hysteresis performance, strength degradation, and displacement ductility. The results indicated that all specimens exhibited ductile failure modes, characterized by the formation of plastic hinges at the beam ends of cast-in-place joints, alongside damage to the FSPs and composite EDBs in the prefabricated joints. The prefabricated specimen demonstrated strong displacement ductility and rotational capacity. Following the replacement of the composite EDBs, the repaired specimen exhibited a 7.75 % reduction in peak bearing capacity due to damage to the FSPs. However, its displacement ductility and energy dissipation capacity were less affected, suggesting that the proposed new energy-dissipating joint possesses robust seismic performance and facilitates functional recovery post-earthquake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on seismic performance of steel plate shear walls with column-tree moment connections","authors":"Behnam Karami ,&nbsp;Anjan Bhowmick ,&nbsp;Lida Soheili ,&nbsp;Behrokh Hosseini Hashemi","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the seismic performance of a novel lateral force-resisting system that integrates Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) with Column-Tree (CT) connections. SPSWs are recognized for their high stiffness, strength, and energy absorption capabilities, while CT connections facilitate construction efficiency through shop-welded and field-bolted joints. Although both SPSWs and CT connections offer distinct advantages, their integrated behavior under seismic loads has not been previously investigated. This paper presents a numerical and analytical study on the seismic performance of SPSWs with column-tree (SPSW-CT) connections. The study employs a simplified finite element model to simulate the behavior of SPSW-CT connections. It provides a detailed evaluation of three types of CT connections: CT-SC (slip-critical joints), CT-PT (pre-tensioned joints), and CT-W (weak splice plates), to analyze their impact on the overall performance of the SPSW-CT system. Furthermore, the research investigates how varying infill panel aspect ratios (L/h = 1.0–2.5) influence the performance of the SPSW-CT system. In addition, an analytical investigation using the Plate-Frame Interaction (PFI) method, along with empirical modification factors for bolted splice behavior and slippage, is conducted to predict the ultimate strength and stiffness of the SPSW-CT system. The findings demonstrate that the integrated SPSW-CT system significantly enhances seismic performance. Unlike traditional SPSWs, the incorporation of column-tree connections facilitates controlled energy dissipation throughout the components and offers the ability to modify overall stiffness. The CT-PT connection achieved 81.5 % of the stiffness and 97.9 % of the energy dissipation of the CT-SC connection. In contrast, the CT-W connection reached 67.1 % of the stiffness and 90 % of the energy dissipation of the CT-SC connection and demonstrated 82.4 % of the stiffness of the CT-PT connection. The study further demonstrates that a larger infill panel aspect ratio enhances flexibility and energy dissipation, with the contribution of the infill panel increasing from 60 % at an aspect ratio of L/h = 1.0–70 % at L/h = 2.5. The research recommends the CT-PT connection with an aspect ratio of 2.0 for optimal seismic performance and suggests using calibrated modification factors for designing SPSW-CT systems to ensure accurate predictions of their seismic behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of mechanical properties of three copper alloy friction dampers under dual-mode loading","authors":"Yanxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayao Wang ,&nbsp;Liao Zhang ,&nbsp;Binglong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the mechanical properties of friction dampers made from copper alloys, including copper, brass, and bronze, under both conventional and fatigue loading conditions. A series of tests were designed and conducted to compare and analyze the hysteretic behavior, friction coefficients, and stability of the three dampers. The test results showed that the friction coefficients of copper, brass, and bronze were 0.61, 0.33, and 0.44, respectively. Copper and brass exhibited excellent frictional properties, making them suitable for use as friction materials, whereas bronze was not suitable. Additionally, a numerical model was established using ABAQUS finite element software. The results of the finite element calculations were compared with the test results, demonstrating a good agreement between the test data and the numerical simulation, with a deviation within 5 %. Through theoretical analysis, the friction force reference value equation of the push-pull friction damper was proposed by theoretically analyzing the cause of the asymmetry of friction force when the damper was pulled and pushed. The theoretical results showed a deviation of approximately 6 % from the test and finite element simulation results. Therefore, the proposed equation can be used for preliminary prediction of the damper's hysteretic behavior and the basic design of the specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study and finite element analysis on the structural reliability of concrete composite slabs with lattice girders without gaps or protruding rebars on all sides","authors":"Jun Han ,&nbsp;Di Zhang ,&nbsp;Guojue Wang ,&nbsp;Zhang Tang ,&nbsp;Weixing Li ,&nbsp;Sheng Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yingmin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current standards require that in Concrete Composite Slabs with Lattice Girders without Gaps or Protruding Rebars on All Sides (CSLG), additional lattice girders must be installed at the joints. This requirement makes the on-site threading of vertical joint rebars difficult and increases the amount of steel used, leading to higher costs. To address this, this paper proposes a more economical design for a new type of gapless composite slab. Full-scale experimental studies were conducted on two types of two-way composite slabs with frame structures—one using the standard gapless design (MP1) and the other using the new gapless design (MP2). Additionally, a finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the load-bearing performance of composite slabs with varied parameters. Furthermore, to investigate the safety and crack resistance of CSLG under the long-term action of normal service loads, a full-scale specimen MP3, which incorporates joint treatment using crack-resistant mortar and alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh, was designed to conduct a 360-day long-term experiment. The comparative test results of MP1 and MP2 demonstrate that both types of composite slabs can achieve a two-way load transfer mode. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and crack resistance of both slabs meet the requirements. At a maximum uniformly distributed live load of 21.5 kN/m² (with a design live load of 2 kN/m²), both specimens exhibit significant surplus capacity. However, the stiffness and crack resistance of the new gapless design are slightly lower than those of the standard design. Forces perpendicular to the joint direction are effectively transmitted to both sides through the first non-densified lattice girder at the gapless joint. The strain levels in the lattice girder web rebars and bent-up rebars are relatively low. Using bent-up rebars instead of the lattice girder rebars near the joint can also effectively prevent tearing and shear failure at the composite interface. Long-term crack observation test results show that the increases in deflection and rebar strain of the composite slab are mainly concentrated within the first 91 and 71 days after load application, respectively. The sealing measures used can effectively enhance the long-term crack resistance of the composite slab.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency identification of non-beam bridges using vehicle scanning methods: Analytical formulation and experimental validation","authors":"Emrah Erduran ,&nbsp;Semih Gonen ,&nbsp;Seyedmilad Komarizadehasl ,&nbsp;Ye Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a novel analytical formulation that demonstrates how the natural vibration frequencies of any bridge - regardless of its structural type, geometry, or boundary conditions - can be identified from the vibrations recorded by an instrumented vehicle crossing the bridge. This formulation broadens the scope of vehicle scanning methods for bridge frequency identification by removing the traditional assumption of sinusoidal mode shapes, which previously limited their application to simply supported beam bridges. The methodology begins by expanding bridge vibrations using a Fourier series, demonstrating that only the natural frequencies of the bridge contribute nonzero terms to this expansion. This is universally applicable, independent of bridge typology and geometry. Using Duhamel’s integral, the response of a vehicle traversing the bridge was computed to analytically prove that the bridge’s natural frequencies appear in the vehicle’s vibration spectrum. To validate the formulation, we present two applications. First, a numerical study models an 80 m steel arch bridge, confirming its non-sinusoidal mode shapes through eigenvalue analysis. A virtual vehicle crossing simulation reveals that the bridge’s natural frequencies are clearly identifiable in the Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) of the vehicle vibrations. Second, a field test is conducted on a 602 m cable-stayed bridge using an instrumented vehicle equipped with low-cost roof-mounted accelerometers. The first three modal frequencies of the bridge are successfully extracted from the vehicle’s recorded vibrations, demonstrating the practical feasibility of the developed formulation in real-world conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic reliability assessment method based on Gaussian process for engineering structures","authors":"Jianbao Wei,&nbsp;Kaiqing Qiao,&nbsp;Dameng Zhu,&nbsp;Zhiyi Feng,&nbsp;Xiaobang Wang,&nbsp;Zhijie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel dynamic reliability assessment method based on active learning Gaussian processes (GP), designed for engineering structural systems subjected to random dynamic loads. In this method, the evaluation of the extreme value distribution of structural responses is used to represent the dynamic reliability level over a specific time period. The GP model is used to establish a strong nonlinear relationship between the influencing factors and output responses of the structure. Furthermore, an active learning strategy is proposed, which includes an optimal sampling domain localization method called 6<em>σ</em>-<em>β</em> sampling domain and a new learning function <em>RIGS</em>(<em><strong>x</strong></em>) for selecting the best samples. The proposed active learning strategy enables the constructed GP model to efficiently and accurately approximate the complex failure limit state function of the structure, and achieve adaptive update of the GP model. Numerical examples and the structural reliability assessment of the crane mounted on the Xuelong 2 polar ship are used to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method, and the results are compared with other approaches. The proposed method achieves a synergistic optimization of computational efficiency and accuracy in dynamic reliability analysis through the integrated use of intelligent sampling strategies and adaptive modeling techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering evaluation of deterministic ground-motion simulation based on the dynamic response of Pine Flat dam","authors":"Xiang-Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Su ,&nbsp;Jin-Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Yan-Jie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant advances in deterministic ground-motion simulations, their application in engineering practice is still constrained due to reliability concerns. Current studies on deterministic ground-motion simulations typically evaluate simulated ground motions by comparing single parameters like peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and spectral acceleration. However, limited research has explored whether these simulations can accurately replicate the dynamic responses of complex structures—a critical requirement for practical engineering applications. This study evaluates the feasibility of using fully deterministic numerically simulated ground motions for dam dynamic analysis. Taking the dynamic response of a gravity dam as a benchmark, we propose several structural response parameters to quantitatively assess the reliability of simulated ground motions. The 1994 Northridge earthquake is simulated with a newly proposed multidimension source model and the refined velocity structures. The simulated ground motions, along with recorded data at 32 stations, are used as input ground motions for the seismic response analysis of the Pine Flat gravity dam. Results from the linear-elastic seismic analysis show that the principal stress distribution in the dam due to simulated ground motions is generally comparable to that observed with recorded ground motions. Furthermore, the nonlinear seismic analysis shows that the maximum relative displacements and damage of the dam subjected to both the recorded and simulated ground motions are in good agreement at most stations. The comprehensive validation results demonstrate that deterministic broadband ground-motion simulations offer a promising and reliable approach for performance-based seismic analysis of engineering structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 109667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}