Structures最新文献

{"title":"Flexural performance of self-compacting lightweight fibre-reinforced concrete-filled cold-formed steel battened built-up columns along weak axis","authors":"Jingjun Li ,&nbsp;Dezhi Liu ,&nbsp;Wangpeiyu Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In reference to the partially encased concrete (PEC) construction methodology, we propose an innovative method, which uses fibre-reinforced self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete (FSLC) to fill cold-formed steel battened built-up columns to improve the buckling resistance of light gauge steel components. The eccentricity distance serves as a parameter for investigating the mechanical properties under eccentric loading of this novel combined column. We analyze the compressive damage mode of the combined column to elucidate the strain development patterns across its cross-section under varying eccentric loads. The findings indicate that the damage pattern exhibited by this new composite column under eccentric loading closely resembles that of traditional reinforced concrete columns. Prior to reaching 80 % of peak load (N ≤ 0.8 N_u), longitudinal strains along the height of the damaged section are predominantly linear, aligning with flat section assumptions; finite element simulations indicate growth in the tensile stress area of damaged concrete sections with increasing eccentricity; upon failure, compressive stress in the concrete follows a parabolic distribution along its weak axis, while the stress distribution within the light gauge steel framework mirrors that of PEC columns with minor eccentric compression damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic retrofit of steel moment frames with arc and ring yielding dampers: A probabilistic loss assessment using FEMA P-58","authors":"Younes Nouri ,&nbsp;Habib Ghasemi Jouneghani ,&nbsp;Amir Shirkhani ,&nbsp;Ehsan Hemati ,&nbsp;Seayf Allah Hemati ,&nbsp;Iman Hajirasouliha","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates the seismic performance and loss estimation of substandard steel moment-resisting frames (MRFs) equipped with innovative Arc and Ring Dampers (ARDs) using the FEMA P-58 probabilistic framework. Nonlinear static pushover analysis (NSPA), nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA), and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) are employed to assess the efficiency of ARDs in the rehabilitation of steel MRFs under seismic actions. A wide range of structural responses are explored, including peak floor acceleration (PFA) and maximum inter-story drift ratio (MIDR), alongside metrics such as damage, spectral acceleration at collapse, and repair costs. It is shown that integrating ARDs into weak MRF structures significantly enhances their seismic performance by reducing yield drift by 33 % and increasing stiffness by 2.25 times. Besides, using ARDs could effectively mitigate residual deformations and prevent collapse at both Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) and Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) hazard levels. However, the spectral acceleration corresponding to collapse and the acceleration at 10 % collapse probability increased by 38 % and 25 %, respectively. Adding ARDs significantly reduces repair time at the MCE hazard level, cutting it by nearly half compared to the full structural replacement time required for the MRF structure without dampers. This study highlights the benefits of ARDs in improving structural performance of substandard MRFs and reducing post-earthquake economic losses, providing a cost-effective solution for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient method for performing uncertainty analysis of transmission towers under skew winds with both yaw and tilt angles","authors":"Quang-Viet Vu ,&nbsp;George Papazafeiropoulos ,&nbsp;Jae-Min Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serving as one key component of the most important lifeline infrastructure system, transmission towers are vulnerable to multiple nature hazards including strong wind. It has been demonstrated that uncertainty analysis of the tower under strong wind should be considered in practical engineering. This work proposes an effective method to perform uncertainty analysis of the transmission towers subjected to yaw wind only and both yaw and tilt winds. The proposed method takes into account, apart from other uncertain parameters, the uncertainties of both the yaw and tilt angles of the skew wind direction, leading thus to more realistic results, contrary to the usual uncertainty analysis procedures which take into account the uncertainty of wind direction in simplistic ways. Based on the analysis results, it was found that uncertain material properties have a greater impact on the tower capacity curves than uncertain section dimensions—specifically for towers exposed to yaw wind only, as well as those subjected to both yaw and tilt winds in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Additionally, tilt wind significantly influences tower behavior, especially when the tower is placed on hills and subjected to skew winds. This suggests that the tilt angle should be considered in the practical design of towers located on hills and exposed to skew winds, for safety reasons. Apart from the above, a new way of visualization of structural failure initiation probability is introduced in this study, which is the failure initiation diagram. The failure initiation diagram presents in a simplified and comprehensible way the probability of failure initiating at specific critical members or points of a structure. A detailed description of this novel type of diagram, along with its development for the transmission tower considered in this study is presented. In addition, some key ideas are mentioned for the importance and future development of the proposed failure initiation diagrams for various types of structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steel-concrete composite modularized bridge pylon: bearing capacity of the cable-anchorage","authors":"Chenggong Wang,&nbsp;Guotao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel-concrete composite bridge pylons adopted factory prefabrication and modularized construction technology, realizing the advantages of high stiffness, cost-effectiveness, and improved construction efficiency, and is increasingly adopted in the construction of cable-stayed bridges. However, large-scale model tests on the structural behaviour of steel-concrete composite bridge pylon anchorages are still insufficient. Therefore, this paper focuses on the structural behaviour of cable-pylon anchorage zone subjected to the horizontal component of the cable force by utilizing six segmental models, including with or without the participation of inner steel plates, the direction of anchor tube deployment being inclined or horizontal, different anchor plate sizes, and a reinforced concrete segmental specimen. The test results unequivocally underscore the exceptional ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of the steel-concrete composite cable-pylon structures. Notably, the test results emphasize the impermissible anchor plates with inadequate dimensions, which leads to fragile damage and a substantial reduction in the bearing capacity of the anchorage zone. Furthermore, the load distribution ratios analysis revealed the average load distribution among the sections of steel plates and infilled concrete of the anchorage zone. Finally, an efficient analysis method for predicting the ultimate load-carrying capacity of steel-concrete composite cable-pylon anchorage is proposed based on the test results. The comparison between the equations and test results demonstrates that the analysis method is accurate enough to serve engineering communities. This work contributes to construction process recommendations and design calculations for prefabricated and modularized construction of bridge cable pylons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buckling behavior of cold-formed high-strength steel sections: Numerical insights and design implications","authors":"Harith Iskandar,&nbsp;J.M. Irwan,&nbsp;Ayad Mutafi","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold-formed high-strength steel (HSS) offers practical advantages, like thinner cross-sections that reduce material costs. Recent research suggests these steel members may be more resilient than once thought, developing localized plastic deformations that improve resistance, even if they don’t behave like traditional ductile materials. However, design complexities persist due to insufficient research on buckling behavior in HSS cold-formed columns. A crucial factor that has not been widely explored is the impact of cross-sectional geometry, particularly the corner shape of square hollow sections (SHS), on their buckling behavior. This study investigates the buckling behavior of high-strength cold-formed steel square hollow sections (SHS) under axial compression, focusing on the influence of corner geometry, material properties, and section thickness. Finite element analysis conducted using Abaqus revealed that sharp-cornered sections demonstrate superior buckling resistance and higher ultimate axial loads compared to round-cornered sections, while the latter exhibit better post-buckling ductility. A parametric study highlighted the critical role of section thickness and corner radius in enhancing structural performance, with thicker sections and smaller radii showing increased resistance and reduced slenderness. Comparisons with Eurocode 3 revealed discrepancies, emphasizing the need for updates to account for the behavior of high-strength steel and complex geometries. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing design practices, ensuring safer and more efficient structures, and advancing guidelines for high-strength cold-formed steel applications</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of nonlinear characteristics of segmental joints flexural performance under the influence of groove arrangement on the joint surface","authors":"Jingxuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yanbing Fang,&nbsp;Kun Feng,&nbsp;Zhenyu Jin,&nbsp;Chuan He,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The latest shield tunnel lining design of China uses a double-groove configuration with two placement options, affecting the concrete contact area and flexural performance at the joint interface, but the specific differences in flexural performance between external and internal single-groove joints (EISGJ) and external double-groove joints (EDGJ) remain unclear. To address this, full-scale tests and refined finite element models were conducted. Following the validation of the numerical model's accuracy, parameter analyses based on groove position and groove height were performed on the joints. The results indicate that EDGJ are more sensitive to different groove arrangements under positive bending than under negative bending, while EISGJ are slightly more sensitive under positive bending. Furthermore, the flexural performance of joints after randomly sampling 100 combinations of groove position and groove height indicate that groove position has relatively great impact on the flexural performance of the EDGJ, while groove height has a stronger effect on EISGJ. This study highlights the importance of considering groove design in ensuring the joint's load-bearing performance under positive bending conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance analysis of socket prestressed assembled UHPC block","authors":"Guangzhu Guan ,&nbsp;Fengkun Cui ,&nbsp;Xuena Jia ,&nbsp;Huihui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monolithic reinforced concrete (RC) shear keys are commonly utilized in small- and medium-span bridges. However, these traditional shear keys have inherent limitations that make them highly susceptible to earthquake damage. In addition, post-earthquake repairs of these monolithic RC shear keys are often challenging and arduous. This study designs a socket prestressed assembled Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) block structure based on the prestressing system, assembly construction, and the sacrificial concept. This innovative block structure consists of UHPC blocks, convex falcons, a prestressed anchorage system, and cast-in-place cover beams. Scaled specimens and a control group of specimens are thoughtfully designed and fabricated to investigate the operational performance and damage patterns of the socketed UHPC block. The specimens' mechanical properties, failure modes, and self-resetting abilities are evaluated through quasi-static tests and rigorous finite element analysis. In addition, the influence of the convex falcon's socket height on the novel block's seismic performance is analyzed. A strength prediction model corresponding to the failure mode of the socketed block is constructed, considering the contributions of UHPC and steel reinforcement to the block's strength. The results indicated that the failure modes of the socketed UHPC block and the monolithic RC block are shear rotation and typical oblique shear damage, respectively. The designed socketed UHPC block exhibits an impressive load-bearing capacity, self-resetting capability, and energy dissipation potential. The numerical analysis shows that compared to traditional RC blocks, the horizontal displacement capacity of the novel block is increased by about 130 %, the energy consumption capacity is increased by about 35 %, and the ductility coefficient is increased by about 12 %. The active design of the plastic damage position within the novel block can be achieved by appropriately modifying the socket height of the convex falcon. The established strength calculation model shows a high level of predictability. The prestressed assembled structure facilitates rapid replacement and repair of the socketed UHPC block after an earthquake, ensuring the bridge's continued safety and operational reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural damage evaluation in RC buildings through ensemble learning: A comprehensive study of different techniques for efficient and reliable identification","authors":"Pouya Mousavian ,&nbsp;Shahriar Tavousi Tafreshi ,&nbsp;Armin Majidian ,&nbsp;Luigi Di-Sarno","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of damage detection, the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques, particularly Ensemble Learning (EL), has proven to be a robust method for effectively processing large datasets from various sources. As the use of EL expands in this area, it becomes crucial to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different EL approaches. Comparing these methods provides key insights into the data and establishes benchmarks for evaluating techniques. This study investigated three EL classifiers: Random Forests (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Bagging. The focus was on first, discovering the potential of ML methods, especially EL algorithms in classifying damage based on experts’ survey in reinforced concrete buildings in Nepal, Ecuador, Haiti, and South Korea then predicting damage levels. Additionally, a novel index called the Probabilistic Uncertainty Measure (PUM) was introduced to improve the interpretability and reliability of the EL-based results. This index assesses the probability of misclassifying damage categories, offering a refined perspective on the dependability of EL findings. The research highlights that the Bagging and RF classifiers significantly outperform others, with accuracy improvements of 73 % and 67 %, respectively. Furthermore, the PUM index shows that Bagging and RF consistently deliver reliability values 84 % and 83 % higher than other methods, confirming the strong potential of EL techniques in accurately identifying damage in reinforced concrete buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic prediction method for shear strength capacity of RC deep beams based on the fusion of multiple machine learning models","authors":"Xiangyong Ni ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reinforced concrete deep beams (RCDBs) exhibit complex shear mechanisms due to low shear span-to-depth ratios, resulting in a lack of universally accepted computational models. This study develops a probabilistic prediction method that fuses multiple machine learning (ML) models to identify non-linear relationships between design parameters and shear capacity, providing a novel approach to predicting the shear strength of RCDBs. A comprehensive database of 1577 experimental RCDB samples was collected from the literature. Various ML models, including deep learning approaches, were applied to predict shear capacity, with hyperparameter optimization to enhance model performance. To increase reliability, a fusion model was created by assigning weights to individual models based on their predictive capabilities. Additionally, a method was introduced to estimate the 95 % confidence interval for shear capacity. Results indicated that overfitting occurred in the default ML models; however, hyperparameter optimization significantly improved prediction accuracy and reduced the overfitting. The fusion model surpassed individual models in predictive accuracy and robustness, with 96.32 % of the experimental shear capacities falling within the established confidence interval.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic damage response of anchor cage wind turbine foundations under different incidence angles","authors":"Qi Jiang ,&nbsp;Hailong Wang ,&nbsp;Kelei Cao ,&nbsp;Hao Hu ,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyi Xu ,&nbsp;Zikang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the randomness of seismic waves and their significant impact on the seismic performance of structures are considered. Using a wind farm in Xinjiang as an example, the focus of this study is on the vibration characteristics and damage assessment of anchor cage wind power foundations under different incident angles of P and SV waves. First, using the equivalent node method, viscoelastic boundary simulation of the subsoil boundary spring-damper was performed and verified by a numerical example. In addition, a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of the subsoil, foundation and anchor cage was established; based on the concrete CDP constitutive model, vibration response analysis and damage evaluation of the anchor cage wind power foundation under different incident angles of P and SV waves were carried out. The results show that under a near-field pulse seismic load, the anchor bolt inside the anchor cage is subjected to greater stress under the oblique incident seismic waves, which have a significant influence on the safety of the wind power foundation. At different incidence angles, the damage effects of the P and SV waves on the anchor cage wind power foundation differ. The damage caused by the oblique incidence of the P wave increases with increasing angle, whereas the degree of damage caused by the SV wave shows a nonmonotonic change, and the minimum damage occurs at an incidence angle of 15°.The damage is mainly concentrated in the contact area between the foundation, anchor bolt and cushion, especially at the junction and longitudinal joint of heterogeneous materials; additionally and the damage expands with time, and is positively correlated with the incidence angle. The stress concentration near the anchor hole of the anchor plate is significant, and the stress caused by the SV wave exceeds that caused by the P wave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}