Structures最新文献

{"title":"Cyclic behaviour of precast shear walls with damage-concentrated connectors","authors":"Guiyun Yan,&nbsp;Yuzhi Xie,&nbsp;Ruyue Liu,&nbsp;Yongsheng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precast shear wall has been widely applied in the area with high seismic intensity, owing to the advantage of excellent lateral resistance and convenient construction. However, serious damage or failure of precast shear wall always occurs due to the insufficient strength or ductility of connections, leading to the structural failure and difficulties in post-earthquake resilience. In this paper, a new precast shear wall with damage-concentrated connectors was proposed based on the idea of damage control, and the seismic behavior was investigated experimentally. The failure process, load-displacement curves, ductility behaviour, degradation characteristics and energy dissipation behaviour were studied. Results showed that the proposed precast shear wall exhibited desired structural integrality, and it developed adequate stiffness and bearing capacity. The deformation capacity and the energy dissipation capacity were also enhanced since the failure process and the stress distribution were improved by the damage-concentrated connectors. No strength degradation for the precast shear wall occurred before the drift approached 1/50, while the ultimate drift ratio and energy dissipation capacity of proposed precast shear were about 2 times and 4.4–5.2 times of those for the monolithic shear wall, respectively. The damage was controlled in the connectors and more than 87 % of the total energy consumption was dissipated by damage-concentrated connectors. The proposed precast shear walls failed with the fracture at the damage-concentrated connectors, while the concrete shear wall remained in good condition with slight crack development. The utilization of damage-concentrated elements could avoid premature damage to precast concrete and improve the seismic resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient generation of standard and non-standard influence functions using Generalized Beam Theory","authors":"David Henriques ,&nbsp;Nuno Peres ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In structural analysis and design, influence functions (lines and surfaces) are extremely valuable for identifying the most unfavorable positions of live loads. This paper introduces a computationally efficient method for calculating non-standard influence functions using Generalized Beam Theory (GBT), a thin-walled beam theory that allows cross-section deformation by means of hierarchical and structurally meaningful “cross-section deformation modes”. Consequently, the proposed method enables not only the calculation standard influence functions (for displacements, support reactions and stress resultants), but also those pertaining to higher-order cross-section deformation (torsion, distortion, plate bending, etc.), their strains, stress resultants and mode amplitudes. The computational cost of the procedure is equivalent to that of a single linear analysis of the structure and its implementation is straightforward. Several illustrative examples are presented to show the capabilities of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic behavior and repairability of new composite concrete block wall with distributed slipping damage","authors":"Zehuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuesong Dong ,&nbsp;Hongyu Sun ,&nbsp;Haibo Yang ,&nbsp;Meiqi Sun ,&nbsp;Rucheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yanyan Jia ,&nbsp;Shaojie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a new composite concrete block is proposed, matching the thin-layer masonry process, which can reduce the construction cost and improve the efficiency. To investigate the seismic behavior of this new composite concrete block wall (NCCBW), horizontal low circumferential reciprocating load tests of two NCCBW specimens with different axial compression ratios are carried out. The test results show that the NCCBW has distributed slipping damage characteristics, good bearing and deformation capacity, and the ductility coefficients of the specimens W1 and W2 with axial compression ratios of 1.0 and 1.6 are 6.31 and 4.82, respectively. Afterwards, based on the test results, the seismic shear capacity calculation method applicable to NCCBW is modified and established, and the average error between the predicted values and the corresponding test results is 4.5 %, which provides a reference for the engineering application of this structure. Finally, the specimen W1 is repaired using the textile reinforced mortar (named specimen RW) and then tested again. The test results show that NCCBW has good repairability, and the peak bearing capacity of the specimen RW is 24.7 % higher than that of the specimen W1, and it still maintains good deformation capacity and integrity after interface separation. In summary, this NCCBW, with good seismic behavior and post-earthquake repairability, is particularly suitable for earthquake-prone areas in real-world scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charring rate and temperature distribution of timber in fire: The role of fire-retardant treatments, moisture, and tree species","authors":"Xiuli Wang ,&nbsp;Shengdong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fire performance of timber structures is a significant concern in both the preservation of ancient buildings and the broader application of timber in construction. The charring rate, a key indicator of fire performance, varies with wood species, environmental conditions, and treatment methods. This study used ISO834 standard fire tests to examine the fire performance of three commonly used wood species in the China’s market: Douglas fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>), China fir (<em>Cunninghamia lanceolata</em>), and larch (<em>Larix gemelinii</em>). The research evaluated the effects of different cross-sectional dimensions (100, 140, and 180 mm), density (300–700 kg/m³), moisture content (8%–24%), and fire-retardant treatments on the fire performance of timber. The applied phosphorus-nitrogen-based fire-retardant treatments involved brushed coatings and impregnation. Results show significant differences in the charring rates among three species. The average charring rates of Douglas fir (0.66 mm/min) and China fir (0.64 mm/min) are similar, while larch (0.47 mm/min) has the lowest rate. Within the scope of this study, density shows a negative correlation (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>42</mn></mrow></math></span>) with the charring rate, while moisture content shows no correlation. Although fire-retardant coatings do not significantly affect the overall charring rate, they help to reduce internal temperatures in the early stages of fire exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic response analysis of the three-dimensional model of immersed tunnel considering offshore site factors","authors":"Bowei Wang,&nbsp;Sicong Hu,&nbsp;Weilong Hu,&nbsp;Guquan Song,&nbsp;Baokui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existing research shows that the immersed tunnel is significantly affected by the earthquake, but the damage will cause serious casualties and property damage, and it is difficult to repair. However, the shaking table test of immersed tunnel including seabed and seawater site is difficult to realize at present, and numerical simulation is generally used for analysis. It has been found that seawater layer, seabed site conditions and soil-structure interaction have a large effect on the seismic response of immersed tunnels, but most of the existing studies have used two-dimensional models to analyze. In order to determine the influence of three-dimensional seabed site on the seismic response of immersed tunnel. Firstly, a three-dimensional layered site wave analysis program was established by using the coordinate system transformation and transfer matrix method, and combined with the finite element dynamic analysis software, a three-dimensional seismic wave analysis method of seawater and seabed immersed tunnel coupling was proposed. Besides, the correctness of the method is verified, and the influence of multi-dimensional site characteristics on seismic response of seabed site is analyzed. Finally, the immersed tunnel of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in China is taken as an engineering example, and the effects of tunnel longitudinal slope, incidence angle of ground motion, thickness of soft soil layer and water depth on seismic response analysis are studied. The results show that there is a great difference between two-dimensional and three-dimensional seabed site model in seismic response. When considering the soft soil layer, the vertical seismic response of three-dimensional seabed site is significantly greater than that of two-dimensional seabed site.Moreover, the silty soft soil layer also has a significant effect on the seismic response of the immersed tunnel, there is an obvious amplification effect on the tunnel horizontal seismic response. Besides, the horizontal seismic response of tunnel will be amplified with the increase of tunnel longitudinal slope and incidence angle, while the seismic response of tunnel will be inhibited with the increase of seawater depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of damping in monopile-supported offshore wind turbines: Integrating operational modal analysis with regression techniques","authors":"Yibo Xi,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Jianing Pan,&nbsp;Liyun Sun,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of damping sources in the design of offshore wind turbine (OWT) structures has been approached in many different ways. Among all the methods, assessing damping sources based on monitoring data for OWT operations is more reliable compared to using experimental or empirical techniques. This study aims to perform an automated operational modal analysis of an instrumented OWT using detailed vibration monitoring to effectively assess different sources of damping. Firstly, continuous vibration acceleration of a monopile-supported utility-scale OWT is measured to obtain mode parameters by operational modal analysis. An automated modal identification method is designed to obtain mode parameters from a large of monitoring data. The natural frequency and damping ratio of both the first and second order bending modes of the OWT tower are observed. Besides, the characteristics of these mode parameters during the OWT operation are analysed. A data-driven damping assessment method is then introduced to access aerodynamic, hydrodynamic and structural damping. This assessment method is based on the identified damping from operational modal analysis, and it separates the different damping sources with regression techniques. The proposed assessment method provides a practical way to understand the damping sources of OWTs which is meaningful for the structural design. Furthermore, the method also holds potential applicability for damping assessment in various types of OWTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance and repairability of the rocking piers with elliptical bottoms","authors":"Zhen Luo,&nbsp;Wenxue Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Yuhao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the seismic performance of high-pier continuous girder bridges, this study introduces an innovative elliptical-bottom rocking pier. Quasi-static test was conducted on to investigate the hysteresis behavior of the elliptical-bottom rocking pier. The results demonstrate that the elliptical-bottom rocking pier has self-centering and energy dissipation capabilities. The transition from a fixed state to a rocking state was induced through a designed failure in the cover plate. To evaluate the repairability of the elliptical-bottom rocking pier, the damaged specimen was repaired and the quasi-static test was repeated again. Compared to the original specimen, the seismic performance of the repaired specimen exhibited a slight reduction but remained satisfactory. This indicates that rapid and effective structure repair of the elliptical-bottom rocking pier can be achieved after earthquake. A finite element model was developed to accurately capture the restoring force characteristics and damage evolution. Additionally, the design suggestion for the cover plate were proposed and validated in conjunction with the structural stress state analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing SHM data reconstruction with MA-CNN-BiLSTM: A deep learning approach for missing acceleration responses","authors":"Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Shengkui Di ,&nbsp;Wei Ji ,&nbsp;Jieqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complete, accurate, and continuous dynamic response data are essential for ensuring real-time structural safety in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. However, sensor failures often result in missing dynamic response data, substantially compromising SHM performance. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a CNN-BiLSTM network (MA-CNN-BiLSTM) that integrates a multi-head attention mechanism to efficiently reconstruct long-term missing acceleration response data in SHM. This approach leverages the complementary strengths of CNN and BiLSTM in time series prediction to deeply analyze intricate spatiotemporal correlations among sensors. Furthermore, the multi-head attention mechanism accurately captures key patterns and detects abnormal fluctuations in acceleration responses. The proposed method was validated using a numerical study on a two-dimensional truss structure and experimental data from the Liujiaxia Bridge. Reconstruction results were benchmarked against those of a traditional LSTM network and a BiLSTM network (MA-BiLSTM) integrating a multi-head attention mechanism. Results show that the proposed method surpasses the other two networks, particularly in reconstructing high-frequency components of the response data. This leads to substantial improvements in reconstruction accuracy across both time and frequency domains. The reconstructed acceleration responses were subsequently applied in modal analysis, effectively identifying the structure's natural frequencies and vibration modes. The study further investigated the impact of sensor quantity and layout on reconstruction performance, providing valuable insights for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved delay-and-sum algorithm for ground-penetrating radar imaging considering refraction in multi-layered media","authors":"Sangho Lee,&nbsp;Joo-Hyung Lee,&nbsp;Changbin Joh,&nbsp;Keunhee Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While investigating concrete structures using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electromagnetic (EM) waves typically propagate through multi-layered refractive media. However, existing image-focusing methods that account for refraction are limited to two-layer cases and often rely on approximations of propagation paths, potentially degrading accuracy in multi-layer cases. This study proposes an improved delay-and-sum algorithm (DSA) considering EM wave refraction in planar multi-layered media. The proposed DSA overcomes the limitations of existing methods by addressing both the constraints of two-layer cases and the reliance on propagation path approximations, thus enabling high-accuracy image focusing in cases involving three or more layers. To achieve this, the wave propagation path is formulated for planar multi-layered media, and the DSA is improved to incorporate the numerical solutions of these refracted paths. The improved DSA is validated through numerical simulations of asphalt pavement and concrete structures, as well as a GPR survey of a reinforced concrete specimen. Results demonstrate a significant enhancement in image-focusing quality compared to conventional DSA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on bending properties of dowel laminated veneer lumber","authors":"Haiyan Fu ,&nbsp;Yongliang Sun ,&nbsp;Lina Zhou ,&nbsp;Minjuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dowel laminated veneer lumber (DLVL) is a new form of laminated veneer lumber (LVL), consisting of several LVL laminas connected by wood dowels in a horizontal direction. DLVL can serve as a large cross-section panel, exhibiting high prefabrication. The bending properties of DLVL panels were examined through experimental and simulation methods. DLVL panels were processed using short hardwood dowels and thin LVL laminas made of small-diameter logs. The four-point bending tests were conducted to investigate the bending properties of DLVL panels. The influence of the lamina variables, such as width, thickness, quantity, and dowel spacing, on the bending strength and effective bending stiffness of DLVL panels was investigated by the extended finite element analysis method. The prediction formulas of the bending capacity and effective bending stiffness of DLVL panels were proposed and optimized using the limit strain method and multivariate analysis. The findings indicated that the failure mode of DLVL panels manifested as a tensile-shear failure of LVL laminas. The bending properties of DLVL panels were affected by the cross-sectional size and quantity of LVL laminas. The bending properties of DLVL were equivalent to that of commonly used engineered wood products. The proposed correction coefficients of the bending capacity and effective bending stiffness of DLVL panels under the influence of variables could enhance the accuracy of the prediction formulas. The optimized formulas could predict the bending capacity and effective bending stiffness of DLVL panels, whose errors were within ± 13 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}