Structures最新文献

{"title":"Flexural performance study and strain inversion-based composite action analysis of LW-PEC beams","authors":"Chunyang Su ,&nbsp;Xin Cheng ,&nbsp;Yi An ,&nbsp;Rui Ma ,&nbsp;Yiyi Chen ,&nbsp;Yuqing Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study combines H-section steel (H-SS) with large width-to-thickness ratios of plates (some exceeding China's code (T/CECS 719–2020) limits) and lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) to form lightweight partially-encased composite steel and concrete (LW-PEC) beam for self-weight reduction. Four-point bending tests were conducted on 8 LW-PEC beams and 4 steel beams, considering link spacing and width-to-thickness ratios of plates. Based on the experimental data, an innovative analytical method for evaluating the composite action of LW-PEC beams was proposed and validated through experimental results. The experimental results show that LW-PEC beams exhibit distinct failure modes from steel beams: H-SSs in the LW-PEC beams flanges buckle upward due to LWAC and link constraints, with buckling severity related to link spacing and width-to-thickness ratios of plates. Furthermore, LW-PEC beams demonstrate improved load-bearing capacity and ductility compared to steel beams. Link spacing has limited influence on load-bearing capacity but affects ductility depending on width-to-thickness ratios of plates, where smaller ratios combined with closer link spacing produce enhanced ductility. Composite mechanisms analysis reveals that H-SS in LW-PEC beam contributes approximately 90 % of the load-bearing capacity, while LWAC primarily constrains steel deformation to enhance plastic development of H-SS in the LW-PEC beam, thereby enhancing the overall load-bearing capacity of the LW-PEC beam. The research findings enable the optimization of material utilization efficiency in LW-PEC beam design, offering valuable insights for exploring efficient and lightweight design methodologies of LW-PEC beams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of anisotropy in wire arc additively manufactured HSLA steel: Microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion analysis","authors":"Nikita Kumari,&nbsp;Kumar Kanishka,&nbsp;Bappa Acherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the process–structure–property relationships of a GMAW (gas metal arc welding)-based WAAM (wire arc additive manufacturing)-fabricated HSLA (high-strength low-alloy) steel wall using 3D Print AM 70 steel wire (8MnNiMoCrSi7–6–5). The aim is to evaluate the performance of the optimized ER100S-G solid wire in WAAM, focusing on potential anisotropy along the build direction and different loading orientations. Detailed microstructural and crystallographic characterization of the WAAM-fabricated AM70 steel wall is conducted to assess microstructural features, phase evolution, crystallite size, and internal strain. Mechanical performance is studied through hardness, tensile, and Charpy impact tests, while corrosion resistance is analyzed using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that bainitic ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite phases are consistently observed across all regions (top, middle, bottom) of the wall, with cooling rate variations in multilayer deposition influencing phase proportions without significant anisotropy. Crystallite size and microstrain vary slightly across regions, with the top region exhibiting finer grains and higher microstrain. Hardness, tensile properties, and impact toughness are generally uniform with limited anisotropy, although yield strength and impact toughness show some directional variation. Corrosion analysis indicates marginal anisotropy, with slight differences in charge transfer resistance and anodic and cathodic responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic impact resilience assessment of aqueduct structure based on stochastic dynamic coupling probability density evolution mode","authors":"Liang Huang,&nbsp;Shengjia Gong,&nbsp;Jiayu Liu,&nbsp;Kun Tang,&nbsp;Shuaitao Li,&nbsp;Ge Li","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the insufficient consideration of the collision effect of expansion joints in the current seismic research of aqueduct structures, this study focuses on the seismic collision resilience assessment of aqueduct structures and proposes a comprehensive evaluation method for the seismic resilience of aqueduct structures that considers the composite randomness of seismic motion and structural parameters. The constructed technical framework includes: finite element model considering three-dimensional collision effects, probability density evolution analysis method, vulnerability analysis of double random variables (seismic motion and structural parameters), and component system two-level resilience evaluation model. Input the amplitude modulated random seismic motion into the finite element model of the random structure of the aqueduct considering the three-dimensional collision effect, focusing on the displacement response of the main seismic components. Based on the probability density evolution theory, calculate the seismic vulnerability of the main seismic components, and then comprehensively evaluate the seismic resilience of the components at the system level. The study revealed the seismic damage evolution law of aqueduct structures considering the collision effect of expansion joints. The main research results show that within the range of 0.2–0.7 g PGA, the collision effect of expansion joints leads to a sharp change in displacement response, and the seismic vulnerability curve exhibits a clear S-shaped nonlinear characteristic. Compared to trough piers, the probability of failure of bearings is generally higher at each stage of failure, and after the PGA exceeds 0.6 g, the collision effect causes a significant increase in the probability of moderate, severe, and complete failure of the bearing in the range of 0.7–0.8 g PGA. The resilience assessment results show that the seismic resilience of the system significantly decreases from 0.9548 to 0.1344 as the PGA increases from 0.1 g to 1.0 g. Among them, the reduction in bearing resilience is as high as 99.2 %, which is the dominant factor leading to the overall seismic performance degradation of the aqueduct structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural behaviour and connection efficiency of cross-laminated timber–glulam composite floor systems","authors":"Xiaoyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Sigong Zhang ,&nbsp;Binjie Niu ,&nbsp;Huifeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the growing demand for sustainable and high-performance construction, mass timber products are increasingly recognised for their potential in modern structural engineering. Recently, cross-laminated timber (CLT)–glulam composites are emerging as a promising solution for efficient and environmentally friendly long-span floor systems. However, the structural behaviour of CLT-glulam composites–particularly the performance of their shear connections<img>remains insufficiently understood, often resulting in overly conservative designs. This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation into the flexural behaviour of CLT–glulam composite floor assemblies through full-scale four-point bending tests. A range of connection systems were examined, including inclined and vertical self-tapping screws, perforated steel plates, and adhesive connections–representing both mechanical and hybrid connection systems. Detailed analyses of failure modes, load-deflection, and load-slip were conducted, alongside evaluations of strain distribution and composite efficiency. The results show that all assemblies exhibited brittle failure, characterised by a combination of tensile rupture, shear failure along the lamina, and delamination. The adhesive connections achieved full composite actions, though with sudden failure without prior sign. Assembly with 45° inclined self-tapping screws exhibited the highest load-bearing capacity and the second-highest stiffness. The addition of perforated steel plates or a concrete topping had limited influence on load capacity under bending but significantly enhanced initial stiffness. Notably, shear lag effects were observed across all specimens, indicating the need for further quantitative investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110204"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the shear capacity and ductility of RC beams using a hybrid strengthening system of anchored CFRP sheets and rubber supports: Experimental and numerical investigation","authors":"Walid Mansour ,&nbsp;Weiwen Li ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ghalla","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past four decades, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets have been widely used to enhance the ultimate load capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with low shear strength. However, their effectiveness in improving ductility is limited by premature debonding. This study investigates the use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer–rubber support composites (CFRP-RSC) systems to enhance both load capacity and ductility. Twelve RC beams with shear span-to-depth ratios (a/d) of 1.1, 2.7, and 3.8 were tested under three-point loading. Three strengthening techniques were examined: conventional epoxy-bonded CFRP sheets, epoxy-bonded CFRP-RSC systems, and CFRP-RSC systems anchored with 6.0 mm diameter steel bolts. A 3D ABAQUS model was also developed to generate the load–strain behavior of steel reinforcement and assess ductility under different configurations. The results showed that conventional CFRP sheets experienced partial debonding, whereas CFRP-RSC systems reached rupture strain. Anchored CFRP-RSC systems effectively dispersed major shear cracks into multiple secondary cracks, reducing crack widths compared with conventional CFRP sheets. Beams strengthened with anchored CFRP-RSC systems exhibited ultimate load increases of 13.3 %, 9.3 %, and 21.5 % for a/d ratios of 1.1, 2.7, and 3.8, respectively, compared to their corresponding control beams. Ductility improvements were also significant, with increases of 32.6 %, 46.6 %, and 36.6 %, respectively, over beams strengthened with conventional CFRP sheets. The findings demonstrate that anchored CFRP-RSC systems are more effective than conventional CFRP sheets in simultaneously enhancing both load capacity and ductility of RC beams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical analysis on flexural behavior of U-bar loop connection with lap height","authors":"Bin Rong ,&nbsp;Yuancong Wu ,&nbsp;Ruoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Peng ,&nbsp;Shuoyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>U-bar overlapping connections are currently widely used in precast segmented bridges and modular concrete systems. To promote the further application of U-bar in prefabricated structural support, and provide guidelines for design of U-bar loop connection, a total of nine specimens associated with lap length, lap height and joint concrete strength are designed and examined through four-point bending tests. Lap height is the height of the overlapping part of the U-bar overlap connection. The experimental results indicate that the lap length and lap height have a significant impact on the bearing capacity of U-bar wet joints. The bearing capacity of a lap length of 15d is 23.4 % and 16.3 % higher than that of 5d and 10d, respectively. The increase in lap height reduces the difference in load-bearing capacity between 15d and 10d to 6.8 %. The established finite element model can effectively simulate the failure of the specimen. Based on this model, a parametric analysis was conducted on the influence of lap length and lap height on the bearing capacity of specimens. The finite element results indicate that a sufficiently high lap height can offset the decrease in bearing capacity caused by insufficient U-bar lap length. Based on experimental and numerical simulation results, a calculation formula for the bearing capacity of U-bar joints considering the lap height is proposed, whose theoretical predictions and the test results differ by less than 10 %. In addition, a formula for calculating the minimum lap height of U-bar loop connection was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the structural performance of reinforced concrete long slender columns strengthened with stainless steel, galvanized steel, and aluminum sheets","authors":"Galal Elsamak ,&nbsp;Ayman El-Zohairy ,&nbsp;Moataz A. Badawi ,&nbsp;Yahia Iskander ,&nbsp;Rabeea W. Bazuhair ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ghalla","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents experimental and numerical investigations into the structural performance of long slender reinforced concrete columns strengthened with externally bonded stainless steel, galvanized steel, and aluminum sheets. Twelve full-scale columns (100 mm in diameter cross-section and 1000 mm height) were tested under monotonic axial compression loading to evaluate improvements in load-carrying capacity, ductility, and energy absorption. The specimens were divided into four groups: unstrengthened columns with varying internal stirrup spacings (150 mm, 120 mm, and 90 mm), and columns externally confined using stainless steel, galvanized steel, or aluminum sheets with different widths (55 mm, 83 mm, 100 mm) and spacings (110 mm, 166 mm, 200 mm), ensuring a consistent volumetric reinforcement ratio of approximately 0.5 %. Reducing stirrup spacing improved the axial behavior, increasing load capacity by up to 16 % and energy absorption by 93 % compared to the reference. Columns strengthened with stainless steel sheets achieved up to an 80 % increase in peak load and a 4.5-fold increase in energy absorption compared to unstrengthened columns. Aluminum sheets also showed substantial improvements, with up to a 55 % increase in strength and nearly a 3.8-fold increase in energy dissipation. In addition to higher capacity, the strengthened columns exhibited a distinct shift from brittle to ductile failure modes. In addition, a Finite Element (FE) modeling approach was developed using ABAQUS to simulate the tested specimens. The model was validated against experimental results and subsequently employed to perform a comprehensive parametric study. The FE model showed close agreement with experiments, with load ratios of 0.96–1.05. Parametric analysis revealed that full wrapping improved capacity by up to 28 %, while increasing stainless steel thickness to 0.3 mm enhanced axial resistance by 77 % before plateauing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithms for three-dimensional morphology quantification of cracks in timber columns based on point cloud","authors":"Yewei Ding ,&nbsp;Haibei Xiong ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen ,&nbsp;Shaoge Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate quantification of crack sizes is particularly crucial for assessing the mechanical performance of naturally cracked timber columns. This paper focuses on two typical types of timber columns, cylindrical and square columns, and proposes a three-dimensional morphology quantification algorithm for cracks based on point cloud processing. This method involves a series of operations including morphology fitting, filtering, and clustering to accurately extract the crack point clouds from the original data, followed by a detailed quantification of the crack sizes through grille processing. It has been verified that the quantification results obtained by this algorithm have an error of less than 15 % compared to the size measured manually. This demonstrates the accuracy of this algorithm in quantifying the three-dimensional sizes of natural cracks. It provides a reference for damage detection in timber structures and offers more accurate physical parameters for further assessments of the mechanical performance of naturally cracked timber components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid SGMD-CNN-transformer model for noise-robust structural damage detection with time-frequency feature integration","authors":"Lunhai Zhi ,&nbsp;Feng Hu ,&nbsp;Lin Deng ,&nbsp;Fan Kong ,&nbsp;Kang Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural damage detection often suffers from noise interference and complex modal behaviors. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel hybrid approach combining Symplectic Geometry Mode Decomposition (SGMD), Wavelet Synchrosqueezed Transform (WSST), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Transformer architectures for robust and accurate damage detection. Experiments on a six-story steel frame structure and the IASC-ASCE Benchmark model dataset demonstrate that the complete SGMD-CNN-Transformer model achieves outstanding performance, significantly outperforming all ablated variants. Notably, the model exhibits exceptional noise immunity, maintaining consistently high detection accuracy even under severe noise conditions. This work provides strong evidence for the effectiveness and practical utility of the proposed method in structural health monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic fragility assessment of historical Khan structures in Izmir (Türkiye)","authors":"P. Usta ,&nbsp;S. Karimzadeh ,&nbsp;P.B. Lourenço","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The province of Izmir in Türkiye is recognized as a city renowned for its rich cultural history. The province boasts numerous Khan masonry monuments, particularly within the Kemeralti commercial district. These structures, which carry cultural significance crucial to architectural heritage, showcase distinctive construction techniques that result in varied seismic behaviors. Conducting seismic assessments of these historic monuments is vital for risk mitigation and preserving them. The initial phase of risk assessment studies involves the development of fragility curves for historical structures. Fragility curves reveal the intricate relations between seismic forces, building features, and potential damage, providing valuable information for risk assessment studies. This paper develops seismic fragility curves for historical Khan masonry monuments through data from visual field observations, structural analysis, and numerical simulations, focusing specifically on the Kemeralti commercial district of Izmir, Türkiye. Using peak ground acceleration (PGA) as the primary intensity measure, the study examines the extent of damage at various PGA levels across different limit states, including Immediate Occupancy (IO), life safety, and collapse prevention. The analysis is conducted in both the X- and Y-directions of the structure using linear time history analysis. Results show higher probabilities of exceedance (PoE) in the Y-direction (perpendicular to the main façade) of the structures compared to the X-direction, which is attributed to the configuration of the structural elements. Furthermore, a strong alignment between the predicted and observed damage patterns during the comparison for the 2020 Samos earthquake (M_w=7.0) is noted, indicating an IO performance level. This suggests that the Khan structures sustained only minor non-structural damage, underscoring their resilience in maintaining their structural integrity under low seismic demands. These findings emphasize the necessity of incorporating directional vulnerabilities and observed damage patterns into seismic risk assessments, advocating for targeted retrofitting strategies specifically designed to address the unique structural configurations of historical Khan monuments, thereby enhancing their resilience to higher seismic demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 110208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}