Zoological Research最新文献

{"title":"Nature's disguise: Empirical demonstration of dead-leaf masquerade in <i>Kallima</i> butterflies.","authors":"Zeng-Tao Zhang, Long Yu, Hai-Zhen Chang, Shi-Chang Zhang, Dai-Qin Li","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.025","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animals deploy diverse color-based defenses against predators, including crypsis, mimicry, aposematism, and masquerade. While crypsis, mimicry, aposematism have been extensively studied, the strategy of masquerade-where organisms imitate inedible or inanimate objects such as leaves, twigs, stones, and bird droppings-remains comparatively underexplored, particularly in adult butterflies. The Indian oakleaf butterfly ( <i>Kallima inachus</i>) exemplifies this phenomenon, with its wings resembling dead leaves, providing a classic example of natural selection. Although it has long been postulated that these butterflies evade predation by being misidentified as dead leaves, direct experimental evidence is lacking. In the current study, using domestic chicks as predators, we manipulated their prior experience with dead leaves (model objects) while maintaining constant exposure to butterflies to test whether dead-leaf masquerade provides a protective advantage by preventing recognition. Results showed a marked delay in the initiation of attacks by chicks familiar with dead leaves compared to those with no prior exposure or those exposed to visually altered leaves. Chicks with prior dead-leaf experience required a similar amount of time to attack the butterflies as they did to attack dead leaves. These findings provide the first empirical demonstration of dead-leaf masquerade in <i>Kallima</i> butterflies, shedding light on its evolutionary significance. Our study highlights the effectiveness of masquerade in inducing the misclassification of butterflies as inanimate objects, showcasing the precise mimicry achieved by these organisms when viewed in isolation from the model objects. This study advances our understanding of the evolution of masquerade and its role as a potent antipredator strategy in nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1201-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LncRNA GTL2 regulates myoblast proliferation and differentiation via the PKA-CREB pathway in Duolang sheep.","authors":"Qian Chen, Jing-Jing Bao, He-Chun Zhang, Chang Huang, Qian Zhao, Ya-Bin Pu, Lin Jiang, Adel Hosseiny, Muhammad Ibrahim, Tanveer Hussain, Xiao-Hong He, Yue-Hui Ma, Qian-Jun Zhao","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.125","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins, are implicated in a variety of biological processes, including growth and development. Despite research into the role of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle development, the regulatory mechanisms governing ovine skeletal muscle development remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle from 90-day-old embryos (F90), 1-month-old lambs (L30), and 3-year-old adult sheep (A3Y) using RNA sequencing. In total, 4 738 lncRNAs were identified, including 997 that were differentially expressed. Short-time series expression miner analysis identified eight significant expression profiles and a subset of lncRNAs potentially involved in muscle development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the predicted target genes of these lncRNAs were primarily enriched in pathways associated with muscle development, such as the cAMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Notably, the expression of lncRNA GTL2 was found to decrease during muscle development. Moreover, GTL2 was highly expressed during the differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) and was shown to modulate ovine myogenesis by affecting the phosphorylation levels of PKA and CREB. Additionally, GTL2 was found to regulate both the proliferation and differentiation of SCs via the PKA-CREB signaling pathway. Overall, this study provides a valuable resource and offers novel insights into the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in ovine skeletal muscle growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1261-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal models of Alzheimer's disease: Current strategies and new directions.","authors":"Qing Wang, Bai-Ting Zhu, Peng Lei","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.274","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal models constructed using pathogenic factors have significantly advanced drug development for Alzheimer's disease (AD). These predominantly transgenic models, mainly in mice, replicate pathological phenotypes through gene mutations associated with familial AD cases, thus serving as vital tools for assessing drug efficacy and for performing mechanistic studies. However, the species-specific differences and complex, heterogeneous nature of AD etiology pose considerable challenges for the translatability of these animal models, limiting their utility in drug development. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of widely employed rodent (mice and rats) and non-rodent models ( <i>Danio rerio</i> (zebrafish), <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, and <i>Caenorhabditis</i> <i>elegans</i>), detailing their phenotypic features and specific research applications. This review also examines the limitations inherent in these models and introduces various strategies for expanding AD modeling across diverse species, emphasizing recent advancement in non-human primates (NHPs) as valuable models. Furthermore, potential insights from the integration of innovative technologies in AD research are discussed, while providing valuable perspectives on the future development of AD animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1385-1407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the molecular mechanisms of oocyte maturation and ovulation in Nile tilapia: A focus on the steroidogenic enzyme Cyp17a2.","authors":"Lan-Ying Yang, You Wu, Xue-Feng Zhang, Shao-Hua Sun, Jian Xu, De-Shou Wang, Lin-Yan Zhou","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.224","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has highlighted the significant role of progestins and glucocorticoids in fish oocyte maturation and ovulation. To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, comprehensive investigations were conducted using a <i>cyp17a2</i> mutant Nile tilapia ( <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) model. Analysis revealed pronounced Cyp17a2 expression in ovarian somatic cells of the tilapia. Female <i>cyp17a2</i>-deficient mutants exhibited markedly reduced levels of 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and cortisol/cortisone, leading to delayed meiotic initiation and impaired oocyte maturation and spawning. Notably, supplementation with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), DHP, and cortisol effectively induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and facilitated oocyte release with follicular cell layers in <i>cyp17a2</i> ^-/- females. Additionally, <i>cyp17a2</i> ^-/- and rescued <i>cyp17a2</i> ^-/- females showed elevated transcription of steroidogenic enzymes involved in 17β-estradiol (E2) production compared to spawning wild-type females. Moreover, the reduction in Akt phosphorylation observed in <i>cyp17a2</i>-deficient females and upon inhibitor treatment impaired hCG-induced oocyte maturation. Conversely, activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway partially rescued the oocyte maturation impairment caused by <i>cyp17a2</i> mutation. Overall, these findings provide functional evidence supporting the critical role of Cyp17a2 in DHP and cortisol biosynthesis, which, in turn, facilitates oocyte maturation and ovulation through activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1357-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDH2 and GLUD1 depletion arrests embryonic development through an H4K20me3 epigenetic barrier in porcine parthenogenetic embryos.","authors":"Cheng-Lin Zhan, Qin-Yue Lu, Song-Hee Lee, Xiao-Han Li, Ji-Dam Kim, Gyu-Hyun Lee, Jae-Min Sim, Hyeon-Ji Song, Ying-Yan Jin, Xiang-Shun Cui","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.219","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) are key enzymes involved in the production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a metabolite central to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamine metabolism. In this study, we investigated the impact of IDH2 and GLUD1 on early porcine embryonic development following <i>IDH2</i> and <i>GLUD1</i> knockdown (KD) via double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) microinjection. Results showed that KD reduced α-KG levels, leading to delayed embryonic development, decreased blastocyst formation, increased apoptosis, reduced blastomere proliferation, and pluripotency. Additionally, <i>IDH2</i> and <i>GLUD1</i> KD induced abnormally high levels of trimethylation of lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20me3) at the 4-cell stage, likely resulting in transcriptional repression of embryonic genome activation (EGA)-related genes. Notably, KD of lysine methyltransferase 5C ( <i>KMT5C</i>) and supplementation with exogenous α-KG reduced H4K20me3 expression and partially rescued these defects, suggesting a critical role of <i>IDH2</i> and <i>GLUD1</i> in the epigenetic regulation and proper development of porcine embryos. Overall, this study highlights the significance of <i>IDH2</i> and <i>GLUD1</i> in maintaining normal embryonic development through their influence on α-KG production and subsequent epigenetic modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1175-1187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent evolution in high-altitude and marine mammals: Molecular adaptations to pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxia.","authors":"Bo-Xiong Guo, Ya Zhang, Xiao-Yu Sun, Yi-Xuan Sun, Wen-Jun Lv, Shi-Xia Xu, Guang Yang, Wen-Hua Ren","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.029","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-altitude and marine mammals inhabit distinct ecosystems but share a common challenge: hypoxia. To survive in low-oxygen environments, these species have evolved similar phenotypic pulmonary adaptations, characterized by a high density of elastic fibers. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations, focusing on pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxia tolerance through comparative genomics and convergent evolution analyses. We observed significant expansions and contractions in certain gene families across both high-altitude and marine mammals, closely associated with processes involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Notably, members of the keratin gene family, such as <i>KRT17</i> and <i>KRT14</i>, appear to be associated with the development of the dense elastic fiber phenotype observed in the lungs of hypoxia-tolerant mammals. Through selection pressure and amino acid substitution analyses, we identified multiple genes exhibiting convergent accelerated evolution, positive selection, and amino acid substitution in these species, associated with adaptation to hypoxic environments. Specifically, the convergent evolution of <i>ZFP36L1</i>, <i>FN1</i>, and <i>NEDD9</i> was found to contribute to the high density of elastic fibers in the lungs of both high-altitude and marine mammals, facilitating their hypoxia tolerance. Additionally, we identified convergent amino acid substitutions and gene loss events associated with sperm development, differentiation, and spermatogenesis, such as amino acid substitutions in <i>SLC26A3</i> and pseudogenization of <i>CFAP47</i>, as confirmed by PCR. These genetic alterations may be linked to changes in the reproductive capabilities of these animals. Overall, this study offers novel perspectives on the genetic and molecular adaptations of high-altitude and marine mammals to hypoxic environments, with a particular emphasis on pulmonary fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1209-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pursuing innovation in a new era.","authors":"Yong-Gang Yao, Peng Shi","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.326","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1232-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peptide Cy _RL-QN15 accelerates hair regeneration in diabetic mice by binding to the Frizzled-7 receptor.","authors":"Yu-Tong Wu, Ze-Qiong Ru, Ying Peng, Zhe Fu, Qiu-Ye Jia, Zi-Jian Kang, Yuan-Sheng Li, Yu-Bing Huang, Sai-Ge Yin, Kun Guo, Nai-Xin Liu, Cheng-An Feng, Jing Tang, Bai-Yu Zhang, Zhi Yang, Ying Wang, Xin-Wang Yang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.134","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with diabetes frequently face serious challenges, including delayed wound healing and increased risk of infection. Notably, the regeneration of hair follicles plays a crucial role in accelerating diabetic skin damage repair, reducing the risk of infection, and enhancing overall skin health. Research has predominantly emphasized the re-epithelialization of diabetic wounds, with a paucity of in-depth studies on hair follicle regeneration. In the current study, we explored the effects of a bioactive amphibian-derived peptide, Cy _RL-QN15, on promoting hair regeneration in a diabetic skin model. <i>In vivo</i> experiments demonstrated that local treatment with Cy _RL-QN15 not only accelerated wound healing of scalded skin on the backs of diabetic Kunming (KM) mice but also improved growth of damaged hair follicles. Additionally, back-shaved diabetic C57BL/6 mice showed a significant increase in the growth of newly formed hair after 28 days of continuous Cy _RL-QN15 treatment. Further analysis indicated that the hair-regenerating effects of Cy _RL-QN15 were closely associated with the proliferation and migration of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Cy _RL-QN15 enhanced intracellular β-catenin expression by binding to the Frizzled-7 receptor on the surface of HFSCs. The up-regulation in β-catenin modulated the levels of downstream proteins, such as c-MYC, Cyclin D1, and Lef1, ultimately inducing hair regeneration. This study not only reveals the robust effects of the bioactive peptide Cy _RL-QN15 in hair follicle regeneration but also provides novel avenues for the development of more targeted and effective therapeutics for diabetic wound healing in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1287-1299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferroptosis in ischemic stroke: Animal models and mechanisms.","authors":"Qing-Zhang Tuo, Peng Lei","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.239","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, with the majority of cases resulting from ischemic events due to arterial occlusion. Current therapeutic approaches focus on rapid reperfusion through intravenous thrombolysis and intravascular thrombectomy. Although these interventions can mitigate long-term disability, reperfusion itself may induce neuronal injury. The exact mechanisms underlying neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia have yet to be reported. Recent research suggests that ferroptosis may play a significant role in post-ischemic neuronal death, which can be targeted to prevent neuronal loss. This review explores the three essential hallmarks of ferroptosis: the presence of redox-active iron, the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids, and the loss of lipid peroxide repair capacity. The involvement of ferroptosis in neuronal injury following ischemic stroke is also explored, along with an overview of ferroptosis-associated changes in different ischemic stroke animal models. Furthermore, recent therapeutic interventions targeting the ferroptosis pathway, as well as the opportunities, difficulties, and future directions of ferroptosis-targeted therapies in ischemic stroke, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1235-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repressor elements provide insights into tissue development and phenotypes in pigs.","authors":"Yue-Dong Zhang, Chao Guo, Hang Liu, Yun Gao, Yongjun Tan, Longjian Niu, Ligang Wang, Lixian Wang, David M Irwin, Chunhui Hou, Zhong-Yin Zhou, Ya-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.043","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repressor elements significantly influence economically relevant phenotypes in pigs; however, their precise roles and characteristics are inadequately understood. In the present study, we employed H3K27me3 profiling, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with highthroughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data across six tissues derived from three embryonic layers to identify and map 2 034 super repressor elements (SREs) and 22 223 typical repressor elements (TREs) in the pig genome. Notably, many repressor elements were conserved across mesodermal and ectodermal tissues. SREs exhibited tight regulation of their target genes, affecting a limited number of genes within a specific genomic region with pronounced effects, while TREs exerted broader but weaker regulation over a wider range of target genes. Furthermore, in neuronal tissues, genes regulated by repressor elements started to be repressed during the differentiation of stem cells into progenitor cells. Notably, analysis showed that many repressor elements exhibited cooperative and additive effects on the modulation of <i>KLF4</i> expression. This research provides the first comprehensive map of pig repressor elements, serving as an essential reference for future studies on repressor elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"45 6","pages":"1313-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}