Mohammad Taha Pahlevan Fallahy, Sadra Behrouzieh, Naghmeh Kian, Farhad Shaker, Anil Harrison
{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the leukocyte esterase test for native joint septic arthritis and prosthetic joint infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Taha Pahlevan Fallahy, Sadra Behrouzieh, Naghmeh Kian, Farhad Shaker, Anil Harrison","doi":"10.1186/s42358-026-00543-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-026-00543-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDS: Diagnosing infectious arthritis, including native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) and prosthetic joint infections (PJI), is challenging but critical due to significant morbidity and mortality risks. The leukocyte esterase (LE) test shows promise as a quick, inexpensive diagnostic tool with high specificity. PURPOSES: This study aims to review and determine LE effectiveness for diagnosing both native and prosthetic joint infections and assess the extent to which methodological variations might affect its diagnostic accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of four databases was conducted to retrieve the studies on the diagnostic accuracy of the leukocyte esterase strip test for the detection of NJSA or PJI from inception to August 2025. The studies were screened independently by two authors, and the required data were extracted from the full text of the included studies. The extracted data was analyzed using bivariate random effects meta-analysis and subgroup analysis was done to assess the impact of possible affecting factors. RESULTS: After deduplication, 179 studies were further evaluated for inclusion in our study. Following the revision of full texts, 45 studies were included (with a total of 6682 patients, comprising 1971 infection cases and 4711 non-infection cases). For NJSA, eight studies yielded a pooled sensitivity of 86.5% (95% CI: 80.6%-90.8%), specificity of 67.9% (95% CI: 44.4%-84.9%), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 24.6 (95% CI: 6.6–91.6, I²: 62%). The pooled AUC was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78–0.89). Subgroup analyses showed no significant impact of waiting time, test repetition, or centrifugation on diagnostic accuracy. For PJI, 38 studies revealed a pooled sensitivity of 77.9% (95% CI: 71.0%-83.5%), specificity of 92.9% (95% CI: 90.9%-94.5%), and DOR of 60.0 (95% CI: 35.9-100.3, I²: 70.9%), with an AUC of 0.941 (95% CI: 0.902–0.940). After removing outlier studies, the recalculated DOR was 61.8 (95% CI: 44.9–84.9, I²: 42.6%). Subgroup analyses for waiting time, test repetition, centrifugation, LE thresholds, and reference tests revealed no significant differences in diagnostic accuracy across groups. CONCLUSION: In both NJSA and PJI, variations in methodological factors did not significantly affect the LE strip test’s diagnostic accuracy; the LE test may serve as a useful adjunctive screening tool for joint infections, although its performance, particularly in NJSA, should be interpreted in the context of substantial between-study heterogeneity. For PJI, the LE test demonstrates higher overall accuracy and specificity sufficient to rule in infection. However, for NJSA, the LE test shows only moderate specificity and variability across studies, suggesting that positive results should be further investigated and interpreted cautiously. The observed heterogeneity, especially in NJSA analyses, limits the generalizability of pooled estimates and underscores the need for cautious clinical interpretation. </p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Gkrouzman, Alicia Matijasevich, Carolina Bonilla Richero, Megan R W Barber, Maria G Tektonidou, Vittorio Pengo, Savino Sciascia, Jose Pardos-Gea, Mª Angeles Aguirre-Zamorano, Nina Kello, Diana Paredes-Ruiz, H Michael Belmont, Paul R Fortin, Denis Wahl, Ware Branch, Maria Gerosa, Flavio Signorelli, Zhuoli Zhang, Tatsuya Atsumi, Maria Efthymiou, Giulia Pazzola, Cecillia Nalli, Alí Duarte-García, Esther Rodriguez Almaraz, Michelle Petri, Bahar Artim-Esen, Guillermo Pons-Estel, Hui Shi, Jason S Knight, Rohan Willis, Leslie Skeith, Ann E Clarke, Massimo Radin, Ariadna Anunciacion-Llunell, Maria Laura Bertolaccini, Hannah Cohen, Ricard Cervera, Danieli Castro Oliveira de Andrade, Doruk Erkan
{"title":"Do ethnoracial differences exist among antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients with no other systemic autoimmune diseases: results from the APS ACTION registry.","authors":"Elena Gkrouzman, Alicia Matijasevich, Carolina Bonilla Richero, Megan R W Barber, Maria G Tektonidou, Vittorio Pengo, Savino Sciascia, Jose Pardos-Gea, Mª Angeles Aguirre-Zamorano, Nina Kello, Diana Paredes-Ruiz, H Michael Belmont, Paul R Fortin, Denis Wahl, Ware Branch, Maria Gerosa, Flavio Signorelli, Zhuoli Zhang, Tatsuya Atsumi, Maria Efthymiou, Giulia Pazzola, Cecillia Nalli, Alí Duarte-García, Esther Rodriguez Almaraz, Michelle Petri, Bahar Artim-Esen, Guillermo Pons-Estel, Hui Shi, Jason S Knight, Rohan Willis, Leslie Skeith, Ann E Clarke, Massimo Radin, Ariadna Anunciacion-Llunell, Maria Laura Bertolaccini, Hannah Cohen, Ricard Cervera, Danieli Castro Oliveira de Andrade, Doruk Erkan","doi":"10.1186/s42358-026-00536-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-026-00536-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The APS ACTION Registry was created to study long-term outcomes in persistently antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-positive patients. The objectives of this study were to examine the ethnoracial differences in clinical and laboratory characteristics of aPL-positive patients with no other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A web-based data capture system stores patient demographics and aPL-related medical history. Inclusion criteria are positive aPL results, based on the revised Sapporo APS classification criteria, tested at least twice within one year prior to enrollment. For this cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data, demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of registry patients were analyzed based on self-reported ethnorace (White, Latin American Mestizo [LAM], Asian, and Black).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>728 patients with no history of other SARD (78% with APS classification) were included in the analysis. The ethnoracial distribution was 516 (78%) White, 82 (12%) LAM, 49 (7%) Asian, and 13 (2%) Black. Based on ethnoracial comparisons: (a) there were less females among White patients; (b) livedo reticularis/racemosa was more frequent in LAM patients; and (c) triple aPL positivity was more frequent in Whites, while isolated lupus anticoagulant positivity was more common in LAM patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our international registry of persistently aPL-positive patients with or without APS classification, Blacks were the least frequently (2%) reported ethnoracial group. No major ethnoracial differences were found in the aPL-related clinical manifestations. Our analysis highlights the need for further investigation into the genetic and social determinants impacting the clinical and serologic phenotypes of aPL-positive patients across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonor Garbin Savarese, Gregory Martins Garcia, Luiz Afonso de Oliveira Moura Santos, Luciana Martins de Carvalho, Virgínia Paes Leme Ferriani, Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa
{"title":"Validation of a semi-quantitative ultrasonography score for knee synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its association with clinical findings.","authors":"Leonor Garbin Savarese, Gregory Martins Garcia, Luiz Afonso de Oliveira Moura Santos, Luciana Martins de Carvalho, Virgínia Paes Leme Ferriani, Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa","doi":"10.1186/s42358-026-00538-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-026-00538-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultrasonography is an important tool for assessing synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but the reproducibility of semi-quantitative scores and their relationship with clinical findings still need clarification. We aimed to evaluate the intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of a previously proposed semi-quantitative ultrasonographic score for synovitis in JIA and to investigate the association between gray-scale (B-mode) and power Doppler (PD) grades and clinical joint findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 68 consecutive patients (1-15 years; mean age 9.1 years, SD 3.9) with a diagnosis of JIA who underwent knee ultrasonography between January 2017 and March 2020 were included. Clinical data (joint pain, swelling, increased temperature, and limitation of movement) were recorded. Two musculoskeletal radiologists independently graded synovitis in B-mode and PD using a four-grade semi-quantitative score. Intra- and inter-observer agreement were assessed with weighted kappa coefficients. The association between B-mode and PD grades and the presence of at least one clinical sign was analyzed using a log-binomial regression model with random effects (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra-observer agreement for synovitis grading was almost perfect for both B-mode (κ = 0.90; 95% CI 0.86-0.95) and PD (κ = 0.84; 95% CI 0.77-0.92). Inter-observer agreement was substantial for B-mode (κ = 0.74; 95% CI 0.66-0.81) and moderate-to-substantial for PD (κ = 0.63; 95% CI 0.53-0.73). Ultrasonography detected synovitis in joints considered clinically negative in 19.2% of examinations. Compared with higher B-mode grades, joints with grade 0 synovitis showed a significantly lower prevalence of at least one clinical finding, and similar patterns were observed for PD grades 0 versus 1-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The semi-quantitative ultrasonographic score for synovitis in JIA demonstrated almost perfect intra-observer and substantial inter-observer reproducibility. Ultrasonography identified subclinical synovitis beyond physical examination, and higher B-mode and PD grades were associated with a higher prevalence of clinical joint abnormalities, supporting its role in the assessment of disease activity in JIA.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordana Miranda de Souza Silva, Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo, Deborah Negrão Gonçalo Dias, Nayara Felicidade Tomaz Braz, Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira, Eduarda Correa Freitas, Rafael Mendonça da Silva Chakr, Adriana Maria Kakehasi, Ricardo Machado Xavier
{"title":"Irisin and myostatin serum levels in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with radiographic progression and lean body mass.","authors":"Jordana Miranda de Souza Silva, Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo, Deborah Negrão Gonçalo Dias, Nayara Felicidade Tomaz Braz, Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira, Eduarda Correa Freitas, Rafael Mendonça da Silva Chakr, Adriana Maria Kakehasi, Ricardo Machado Xavier","doi":"10.1186/s42358-025-00505-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-025-00505-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The myokines irisin and myostatin participate in bone and skeletal muscle homeostasis and may characterize the clinical status of these tissues. The study aimed to evaluate the association of myokines serum levels with one-year radiographic progression and lean mass in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty female individuals with RA, aged ≥ 18 years who met 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria, and 30 individuals without RA and any chronical disease, matched by sex and body mass index (BMI) were included. Serum levels of irisin and myostatin were determined by immune assay. RA subjects had their radiographs of hands and feet evaluated by Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) at two timepoints, baseline and after one year. At baseline, disease activity was calculated by Disease Activity Score 28-C reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), body composition was evaluated using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), muscle strength was assessed by handgrip test and chair rising test (CRT), and physical function was assessed by Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and timed up and go (TUG) test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of individuals was 56 ± 7.8 years, mean DAS28-CRP was 3.3 ± 1.3, mean disease duration was 11.2 ± 9.2 years, and mean BMI was 28.1 ± 5.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Rapid radiographic progression and low lean mass were present in 17.5% and 14.8% of the RA individuals, respectively, and showed no correlation with irisin and myostatin. Myostatin was significantly lower in RA than in controls (3021.7 ± 1217.2 vs. 4049.0 ± 1610.0 pg/ml; p = 0.011), and individuals treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) showed higher irisin levels than individuals non-treated with bDMARDs (31.7 ± 7.6 vs. 25.7 ± 6.8 ng/ml; p = 0.033). RA duration was correlated with baseline SHS (r = 0.563; p = 0.001) and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI; r= -0.451; p = 0.004), and irisin levels were positively correlated with TUG (r = 0.338; p = 0.35) in RA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term RA was related with higher SHS and lower ALMI, and the late disease stage of included individuals possibly masked the association of myokines with one-year radiographic progression or low lean mass. Otherwise, bDMARDs treatment influenced myokines circulating levels, specifically irisin.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of the prevalence of overactive bladder syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Derya Cirakoglu, Ahmet Yuce","doi":"10.1186/s42358-026-00541-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-026-00541-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-publication corrections of rheumatology articles: a comprehensive analysis.","authors":"Bekir Torun, Erhan Kaya","doi":"10.1186/s42358-026-00537-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-026-00537-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>With the growing volume of scientific publications in recent years, both unintentional errors and instances of scientific misconduct have become increasingly common. These errors may include typographical mistakes, inaccuracies in author information, and issues in figures, tables, references, or other sections of articles. This study aims to identify and categorize the most frequent errors in rheumatology publications instead of to provide insights for improving the accuracy and credibility of scientific literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles published and subsequently corrected in the field of rheumatology between 2000 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. A total of 1,716 corrected articles were systematically analyzed for the type, frequency, and severity of errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,825 errors were identified, with 36 articles requiring major corrections. The most frequently affected sections included author names and institutional affiliations (644 errors), tables and figures (537 errors), and the results section (164 errors), followed by funding statements, materials and methods, and references. Less frequent issues included errors related to ethics approval, conflicts of interest, plagiarism, and incorrect data. Proportion of articles with major corrections (36 out of 1,716; 2.1%), 19 of them were retracted and the relative distribution of error types (e.g., author information errors constituted 35.2% of total errors).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Authors, editors, and publishers share responsibility for maintaining the integrity of published research. Sections such as author information, tables, figures, and results are shown to be at high risk for errors. Careful review and editorial oversight can minimize errors, prevent misinterpretation, and enhance the overall reliability of scientific publications.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucy Zhao, Melissa Sweeney, Lewis Carpenter, Savia de Souza, Emma Caton, James Galloway, Andrew Cope, Kirsty Bannister, Elena Nikiphorou, Rona Moss-Morris, Sam Norton
{"title":"Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of persistent pain post disease-modifying treatment change in rheumatoid arthritis: a 12-month cohort study.","authors":"Lucy Zhao, Melissa Sweeney, Lewis Carpenter, Savia de Souza, Emma Caton, James Galloway, Andrew Cope, Kirsty Bannister, Elena Nikiphorou, Rona Moss-Morris, Sam Norton","doi":"10.1186/s42358-026-00540-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-026-00540-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13167811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on \"Shortened telomere length, anxiety and psychological stress in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study\".","authors":"Aleena Elia, Quratulain Khan","doi":"10.1186/s42358-026-00531-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-026-00531-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of elbow arthritis, a rare involvement in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.","authors":"Gülcan Özomay Baykal, Betül Sözeri","doi":"10.1186/s42358-026-00527-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-026-00527-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency, clinical progression, and treatment approaches for elbow involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), emphasizing its rarity and associated management complexities. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 1,065 patients diagnosed with JIA using the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria. Data collected included demographics, disease subtypes, clinical characteristics, laboratory results, imaging findings, and treatment modalities. Ultrasonography was performed in all patients with elbow involvement (n = 86). Statistical analyses assessed differences across subtypes and associations with treatment strategies. RESULTS: Of the cohort, 86 patients (8.1%) had elbow involvement, most commonly in the polyarticular subtype, and least frequently in systemic and enthesitis-related arthritis. The median age at elbow involvement was 11.6 [IQR 7.0-15.4] years, with earlier involvement significantly correlating with earlier disease onset. Females accounted for 72% of affected patients. At diagnosis, 52.3% had elbow arthritis, while 47.7% developed it during follow-up. ANA positivity (50%) was linked to increased corticosteroid (CS) use. Following elbow involvement, 53.4% initiated Conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (cDMARDs), and 62.3% began Biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARDs); 41.8% required a switch to another bDMARD. Ultrasonography played a key role in evaluation, and 8.1% of patients required intra-articular injections. CONCLUSION: Elbow involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis is an uncommon but clinically relevant manifestation, most frequently observed in polyarticular disease. Management of elbow arthritis was challenging, with many patients requiring escalation to systemic therapy, including biologic agents, despite intra-articular steroid use. </p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}