Advances in Rheumatology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis on the interaction between CD19⁺B cells and CD4⁺T cells in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Zhuobei Xie, Li Dai, Haohua He, Dengxiao Hong, Honghui Tang, Wenyan Xu, Zhongxin Chen, Hongtao Wang, Baiqing Li, Changhao Xie, Yuanyuan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00333-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00333-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The defect of B cell self-tolerance and the continuous antigen presentation by T cells (TCs) mediated by autoreactive B cells (BCs) play a key role in the occurrence and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis negatively regulates the immune response of TCs after activation and maintains immune tolerance. However, the effect of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis on the interaction between CD19⁺B/CD4⁺TCs in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE has not been studied in detail.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PD-1/PD-L1 and Ki-67 levels in peripheral blood (PB) of 50 SLE patients and 41 healthy controls (HCs) were detected through flow cytometry, and then the expression of PD-1^+/-cells and PD-L1^+/-cells Ki-67 was further analyzed. CD19⁺B/CD4⁺TCs were separated for cell culture and the supernatant was collected to determine proliferation and differentiation of TCs. IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion in the supernatant was also determined using ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PD-1, PD-L1, and Ki-67 levels on CD19⁺B/CD4⁺TCs in patients with SLE were higher than HCs. In CD19⁺B/CD4⁺TCs of SLE patients, the proliferative activity of PD-L1⁺ cells was higher than that of PD-L1^- cells, and the proliferative activity of PD-1⁺ cells was higher than that of PD-1^- cells. In the system co-culturing CD19⁺B/CD4⁺TCs from HCs/SLE patients, activated BCs promoted TCs proliferation and PD-L1 expression among TCs. Addition of anti-PD-L1 to co-culture system restored the proliferation of TCs, and inhibited IL-10/IFN-γ level. The addition of anti-PD-L1 to co-culture system also restored Tfh and downregulated Treg in HCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Axis of PD-1/PD-L1 on CD19⁺B/CD4⁺TCs in PB of SLE patients is abnormal, and cell proliferation is abnormal. In CD19⁺B/CD4⁺TCs of SLE patients, the proliferative activity of PD-L1⁺ and PD-1⁺ cells compared with PD-L1^- and PD-1^- cells in SLE patients, respectively. CD19⁺B/CD4⁺TCs in SLE patients can interact through PD-1/PD-L1.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of different Janus kinase inhibitors combined with methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a single-center randomized trial.","authors":"Xiaoling Liao, Wang Huo, Wen Zeng, Fang Qin, Fei Dong, Wanling Wei, Ling Lei","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00331-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00331-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the efficacy and safety between baricitinib (BARI) and tofacitinib (TOFA) for the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving methotrexate (MTX) in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study recruited 179 RA patients treated with BARI (2-4 mg/d) or TOFA (10 mg/d) at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from September 2019 to January 2022. The rate of low disease activity (LDA) was used as the primary end point. Secondary end points included the Disease Activity Scale-28 (DAS-28)-C-reactive protein (CRP); the rate of DAS28-CRP remission; visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, swollen joint, and tender joint counts; and adverse events at the 6-month follow-up. Several factors affecting LDA achievement were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four patients were treated with BARI and 105 were treated with TOFA, including 83.24% females, with a median (IQR) age of 56.0 (53.0-56.0) years old and disease duration of 12.0 (6.0-12.0) months. There was no difference of the rate of LDA between the BARI and TOFA treatment groups. All disease indices in the two groups were significantly improved, including a significantly lower VAS in the BARI group (P < 0.05), reflecting the drug efficacy after 1 and 6 months of treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was similar in these two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The treatment efficacy and safety of BARI and TOFA in the RA patients were similar, but BARI was more effective in pain relief than TOFA. An older baseline age was more likely to achieve LDA in the BARI group, while a low baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was more likely to achieve LDA in the TOFA group.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of immune cells in Behçet's disease.","authors":"Dan Hu, Jian-Long Guan","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00328-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00328-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis that can affect multiple systems, including the skin, mucous membranes, joints, eyes, gastrointestinal and nervous. However, the pathogenesis of BD remains unclear, and it is believed that immune-inflammatory reactions play a crucial role in its development. Immune cells are a critical component of this process and contribute to the onset and progression of BD. By regulating the function of these immune cells, effective control over the occurrence and development of BD can be achieved, particularly with regards to monocyte activation and aggregation, macrophage differentiation and polarization, as well as T cell subset differentiation. This review provides a brief overview of immune cells and their role in regulating BD progression, which may serve as a theoretical foundation for preventing and treating this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41183959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could ultrasound and muscle elastography be associated with clinical assessment, laboratory and nailfold capillaroscopy in juvenile dermatomyositis patients?","authors":"Renata Lopes Francisco de Andrade, José Alexandre Mendonça, Daniela Petry Piotto, Julio Brandão Guimarães, Maria Teresa Terreri","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00330-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00330-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in children. Imaging exams are useful for muscle assessment, with ultrasonography (US) being a promising tool in detecting disease activity and tissue damage. There are few studies about muscle elastography.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our aim was to associate clinical, laboratory, and nailfold capillaroscopy (NC) assessments with US in JDM patients; and to compare the findings of US and Strain Elastography (SE) from patients and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analytic cross-sectional study was performed with JDM patients and healthy controls. Patients underwent clinical exam to access muscle strength and completed questionnaires about global assessment of the disease and functional capacity. Patients were submitted to NC and measurement of muscle enzymes. All subjects underwent US assessment, using gray scale, Power Doppler (PD), and SE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two JDM patients and fourteen controls, aged between 5 and 21 years, matched for age and sex were assessed. In qualitative and semi-quantitative gray scale, we observed a higher frequency of alterations in patients (p < 0.001), while in PD, there was a higher frequency of positivity in patients' deltoids and anterior tibialis (p < 0.001). Active disease was associated with an important change in the semi-quantitative gray scale in deltoids (p = 0.007), biceps brachii (p = 0.001) and quadriceps femoris (p = 0.005). The SE demonstrated a high negative predictive value of 87.2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>US was able, through gray scale, to differentiate JDM patients from controls, while PD achieved such differentiation only for deltoids and anterior tibialis. The semi-quantitative gray scale showed disease activity in proximal muscles. SE was not able to differentiate patients from controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological analysis of patients with psoriatic arthritis in follow-up at the brazilian Unified Health System.","authors":"Chayanne Natielle Rossetto, Penélope Esther Palominos, Natalia Pereira Machado, Eduardo Dos Santos Paiva, Valderílio Feijó Azevedo","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00327-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00327-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic multisystem osteoarticular disease that requires specialized care. Most Brazilians depend on the public healthcare provided by the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS). This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with PsA in follow-up in SUS, focusing on the incidence and prevalence of the disease, comorbidities, and hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data from the Outpatient Data System of SUS (Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS, SIA/SUS) regarding outpatient visits and hospitalizations in the Brazilian public healthcare system from January 2008 to March 2021 using the Techtrials Disease Explorer® platform and the medical code related to PsA were selected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated 40,009 patients and found a prevalence of 24.4 cases of visits due to PsA per 100,000 patients in follow-up in SUS. Female patients were predominant (54.38%). The incidence of visits due to PsA has been increasing in recent years and we observed an incidence of 8,982 new visits in 2020. The main comorbidities of these patients were osteoarthritis, lower back pain, shoulder injuries, oncological diseases, crystal arthropathies, and osteoporosis. Hospitalizations were mainly due to treating clinical or cardiovascular conditions and performing orthopedic procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The number of visits due to PsA in SUS has increased in recent years, mainly on account of new diagnoses of the disease, although the prevalence found in this study's population was lower than that observed in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10200371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Baricitinib improves pulmonary fibrosis in mice with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease by inhibiting the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway.","authors":"Hongli Liu,&nbsp;Yan Yang,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Xuelin Li","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00326-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00326-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10523996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baricitinib improves pulmonary fibrosis in mice with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease by inhibiting the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway.","authors":"Hongli Liu, Yan Yang, Jie Zhang, Xuelin Li","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00325-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00325-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study explored improvements in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a bovine type II collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model after treatment with baricitinib and the possible mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model was established, siRNA Jak2 and lentiviral vectors were transfected with human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. And the levels of relevant proteins in mouse lung tissue and human embryonic lung fibroblasts were detected by Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were increased in the lung tissues of model mice (P < 0.5) and decreased after baricitinib intervention (P < 0.05). The expression levels of p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were reduced after siRNA downregulation of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01) and increased after lentiviral overexpression of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baricitinib alleviated fibrosis in the lung tissue of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mice, and the mechanism of action may involve the downregulation of Smad3 expression via inhibition of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway, with consequent inhibition of the profibrotic effect of transforming growth factor-β1.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10165436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extra-musculoskeletal manifestations driving the therapeutic decision-making in patients with Spondyloarthritis: a 12-month follow-up prospective cohort study.","authors":"Danielle Dos Reis Annunciato, Thauana Luiza Oliveira, Vanessa Oliveira Magalhães, Marcelo de Medeiros Pinheiro","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00324-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00324-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The extra-musculoskeletal manifestations (EMMs) such as recurrent acute anterior uveitis (rAAU), psoriasis (Ps), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are related to the Spondyloarthritis (SpA), as well as they are associated with disease activity and poor prognosis. However, there are no data addressing its relevance regarding therapeutic decision-making in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of EMMs to drive the treatment decision-making in patients with SpA in a 12-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>SpA patients, according to the axial and peripheral ASAS classification criteria, as well as CASPAR criteria, with any active EMM, defined as main entry criteria, were included in this longitudinal cohort study. Individuals with a history of any disease or condition that could be associated with some of the studied endpoints, including neoplasms and infectious diseases, were excluded. Specific tools related to each EMM, including Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), ophthalmologic evaluation, according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria, and gut complaints were used at baseline and during the 3-, 6- and 12-month of follow-up as outcomes measures over time. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used appropriately, including Pearson's correlation test, chi-squared test, and ANOVA. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 560 patients were enrolled, of whom 472 meet the eligibility criteria. The majority (N = 274; 59.6%) had one or more EMM related to SpA umbrella concept. Among the EMM, the one that most influenced therapeutic decision-making was psoriasis (28.5%), followed by uveitis (17.5%) and IBD (5.5%), regardless of musculoskeletal manifestations. Clinical improvement of EMMs outcomes was observed in most patients over 12-month follow-up, especially in those with rAAU and IBD (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results showed that EMMs guided the therapeutic decision-making in half of SpA patients, regardless of musculoskeletal condition, suggesting the inter-disciplinarity among the rheumatologist, ophthalmologist, dermatologist, and gastroenterologist plays a crucial role to manage them.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10071727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TP53 and p21 (CDKN1A) polymorphisms and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Jacyara Maria Brito Macedo, Amanda Lima Silva, Amanda Chaves Pinto, Leandro Ferreira Lopes Landeira, Elyzabeth Avvad Portari, Cintia Barros Santos-Rebouças, Evandro Mendes Klumb","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00320-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00320-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The p53 and p21 proteins are important regulators of cell cycle and apoptosis and may contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As genetic polymorphisms may cause changes in protein levels and functions, we investigated associations of TP53 and p21 (CDKN1A) polymorphisms (p53 72 G > C-rs1042522; p53 PIN3-rs17878362; p21 31 C > A-rs1801270; p21 70 C > T-rs1059234) with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Southeastern Brazilian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genotyping of 353 female volunteers (cases, n = 145; controls, n = 208) was performed by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and/or DNA sequencing. Associations between TP53 and p21 polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility and clinical manifestations of SLE patients were assessed by logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Protective effect was observed for the genotype combinations p53 PIN3 A1/A1-p21 31 C/A, in the total study population (OR 0.45), and p53 PIN3 A1/A2-p21 31 C/C, in non-white women (OR 0.28). In Whites, p53 72 C-containing (OR 3.06) and p53 PIN3 A2-containing (OR 6.93) genotypes were associated with SLE risk, and higher OR value was observed for the combined genotype p53 72 G/C-p53 PIN3 A1/A2 (OR 9.00). Further, p53 PIN3 A1/A2 genotype was associated with serositis (OR 2.82), while p53 PIN3 A2/A2 and p53 72 C/C genotypes were associated with neurological disorders (OR 4.69 and OR 3.34, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings showed that the TP53 and p21 polymorphisms included in this study may have potential to emerge as SLE susceptibility markers for specific groups of patients. Significant interactions of the TP53 polymorphisms with serositis and neurological disorders were also observed in SLE patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10434476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview of systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies.","authors":"Xin-Yu Xiao, Qian Chen, Yun-Zhou Shi, Li-Wen Li, Can Hua, Hui Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s42358-023-00323-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42358-023-00323-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus is complex and incurable. A large number of systematic reviews have studied the risk factors of it. Mendelian randomization is an analytical method that uses genetic data as tool variables to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review the systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies that focused on the risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus and shed light on the development of treatments for its prevention and intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From inception to January 2022, we systematically searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase for related systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies. Extract relevant main data for studies that meet inclusion criteria. The quality of systematic reviews was assessed by using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2). Finally, the risk factors are scored comprehensively according to the results' quantity, quality, and consistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study involved 64 systematic reviews and 12 Mendelian randomization studies. The results of systematic reviews showed that diseases (endometriosis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis), lifestyle (smoking, drinking, vaccination), and gene polymorphism influenced the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. The results of Mendelian randomization studies identified the role of disease (periodontitis, celiac disease), trace elements (selenium, iron), cytokines (growth differentiation factor 15), and gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We should pay attention to preventing and treating systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with endometriosis, celiac disease, and periodontitis. Take appropriate dietary supplements to increase serum iron and selenium levels to reduce the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. There should be no excessive intervention in lifestyles such as smoking and drinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":48634,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10038803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}