Urban Climate最新文献

{"title":"How landscape characteristics impact land surface temperature in the context of urban spatial heterogeneity: A case study from Beijing, China","authors":"Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Jianjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenyan Huang ,&nbsp;Shu Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the influence of landscape characteristics on land surface temperature (LST) at the block scale remained relatively limited, particularly in contexts where urban structures exhibited spatial heterogeneity. This study categorized urban spaces of Beijing, China, by using the Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) network model and analyzed the impact of landscape characteristics on LST. Results showed a maximum mean LST difference of 4.23 °C between urban spaces. Patch density (PD), aggregation index (AI), and urban porosity (Por) had a significant impact on LST in any urban space, whereas the influences of other landscape pattern indices were comparatively weaker. The influence of landscape pattern indices on LST was constrained by urban spaces, which indicating an overall trend of “urban bare spaces” &gt; “urban park spaces” &gt; “urban building spaces”. The sensitivity of LST to landscape pattern index was higher in residential building and administrative office building space. A notable positive spatial autocorrelation of LST, with the urban space of commercial buildings exhibiting a stronger prevalence of high-high (H<img>H) clustering characteristics. These results can help urban planner to be utilized to reduce urban heat by adjusting the distribution of urban spaces and the landscape characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102366"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of urban green space morphology and vegetation composition on seasonal land surface temperature: a case study of Beijing's urban core","authors":"Xiaoting Sun ,&nbsp;Panfei Fang ,&nbsp;Shaodong Huang ,&nbsp;Yuying Liang ,&nbsp;Jia Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces play a crucial role in mitigating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect by cooling surface temperatures. This study used Landsat 8 data and urban green space surveys, applying Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) and Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models to analyze how green space morphology and vegetation composition influence land surface temperature (LST) across seasons. Results show that the percentage of green space area (PLAND) has the greatest impact on LST year-round. In summer and winter, additional morphological factors, such as Largest Patch Index (LPI), Mean Patch Size (MPS), and Edge Density (ED), also play important roles. A cooling effect is observed when PLAND exceeds thresholds of 34.5 % in spring, 44.5 % in summer, 39.6 % in autumn, and 37.4 % in winter, though the effect diminishes with further increases. Trees provide the highest contribution to LST reduction in all seasons, with particularly strong effects in summer (66.8 %) and autumn (65.7 %). Optimizing urban green space design through strategic planning and a balance of vegetation types can significantly enhance temperature regulation, reduce UHI effects, and improve urban ecological quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102367"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of jobs-housing balance on neighborhood traffic and air quality","authors":"Xiaoke Sun ,&nbsp;Runyuan Zou ,&nbsp;Junshi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an analysis of the employment and residential functions of Xi'an City People's Stadium and the factors influencing ambient fine particle (PM_2.5) concentrations. The spatial distribution of employment and home locations in Xi'an extends to the surrounding in the form of “employment-mixed-residential-mixed”. Based on this result, the PM_2.5 concentration data, environmental factors, traffic flow data, and the jobs-housing imbalance factor are selected to fit the PM_2.5 concentration of the City People's Stadium, with an adjusted R² of 0.97. The dissipative structure theory is used to analyze the PM_2.5 at the City People's Stadium, identifying the factors leading to a threshold exceedance for PM_2.5. This study tests a 20 % reduction in traffic flow in Xi'an to verify the model's effectiveness at detecting threshold exceedance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102361"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale spatiotemporal patterns of urban climate effects and their driving factors across China","authors":"Panli Cai ,&nbsp;Runkui Li ,&nbsp;Jingxian Guo ,&nbsp;Zhen Xiao ,&nbsp;Haiyu Fu ,&nbsp;Tongze Guo ,&nbsp;Tianyi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Zhang ,&nbsp;Qun Xu ,&nbsp;Xianfeng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization significantly impacts the local climate, leading to the urban climate effect. This study analyzed urban climate phenomena like urban heat islands (UHI), urban wet islands (UWI), urban dry islands (UDI), and urban wind-blocking (UW) in China. The research across 17 provinces showed consistent patterns of UHI, UWI, and UDI, with more pronounced effects in northern regions. The effects were stronger in central districts compared to suburban fringes, especially evident in spring and winter. Urban layout and location played significant roles in these effects, along with vegetation and air temperature influencing UWI and UDI. While urban wind speeds had minor differences between cities, they varied significantly within cities due to building density. Urban-suburban air temperature differences followed a distinct ‘U' curve, peaking at night, while urban-suburban relative humidity ratios showed an inverted ‘U' pattern. These findings underscore significant microclimatic differences between urban and suburban regions in China, shaped by factors like buildings, vegetation, and city climate. This study's insights are crucial for urban and regional planning to foster sustainable and healthy urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102350"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of photonic properties of a new radiative cooling material on the urban heat island and the radiation balance","authors":"Nick Adams ,&nbsp;Ruben Borgers ,&nbsp;Jérôme Neirynck ,&nbsp;Hendrik Wouters ,&nbsp;Karen Allacker ,&nbsp;Nicole van Lipzig","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A photonic meta-concrete (PMC), a radiative cooling material based on conventional concrete, is under development. This material reflects solar radiation through its high albedo and emits heat as longwave radiation via the atmospheric window, achieving effective cooling. This study assesses the PMC's impact on the urban heat island (UHI) in Belgian cities using the COSMO-CLM regional climate model with the TERRA_URB urban surface parametrization, simulating a 5-day heatwave across Flanders with 1 km horizontal grid spacing. Additionally, the study estimates radiative forcing from PMC application through a radiation scheme and translates this into CO₂-equivalent emission reduction.</div><div>The results indicate that PMC reduces the UHI in Brussels, lowering daily surface and nightly 2-m air temperatures by 9.6 °C and 2.7 °C respectively, due to the material high albedo. Scenarios with varying PMC coverage ratios show a non-linear relationship between coverage and temperature reduction, where lower coverage yields smaller cooling effects. Applying PMC to all urban roofs results in a radiative forcing reduction of 69.7 W/m², equivalent to 22 kt of potential reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Although full PMC coverage on urban rooftops may be challenging, these findings underscore the material's potential for UHI mitigation, offering substantial cooling benefits and greenhouse gas reductions in large-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102364"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of urban morphology on typhoon-induced wind hazards at the pedestrian level","authors":"Dahu Yang ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typhoon-induced wind hazards are uncertain and extreme within urban neighborhoods at the pedestrian level. Previous studies lacked of effective assessment methods. In this study, typhoon Mui-fa (2022) event over Lujiazui Financial Center in Shanghai was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM), then the pedestrian distress indicators (Gust Factor (<em>GF</em>) and Speeding-up Efficacy (<em>SE</em>)) were calculated for describing local risks. The findings suggest that there are positive correlations between urban morphological parameters and pedestrian distress indicators, with <em>λp</em> (building area fraction) exhibiting the best correlations. This indicates that <em>λp</em> can be regarded as effective parameter for wind safety assessment. Meanwhile, the probability density functions (PDFs) of <em>GF</em> and <em>SE</em> constructing by <em>λp</em> can establish the connections between the extreme at specific probabilities and the average. With the increase of <em>λp</em>, these PDFs exhibit a slow rightward shift of the peak and a rapid broadening of the distributions. The assessment method valuable to typhoon-prone coastal cities in the field of practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical and chemical impacts of urban green areas on air pollution in a city environment","authors":"Beatrice Biagi ,&nbsp;Erika Brattich ,&nbsp;Carlo Cintolesi ,&nbsp;Francesco Barbano ,&nbsp;Silvana Di Sabatino","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) can be utilized to mitigate air pollution in cities; however, other factors associated with urban morphology and local meteorological conditions contribute to pollution concentrations. Urban dispersion models are frequently used for analysing these aspects, but they may not account for vegetation effects on pollutant dynamical and chemical processes. The present study implements a methodology to evaluate the impact of vegetation on city pollution levels. The aerodynamic effect of vegetation is introduced by modifying the surface roughness using the morphometric method. Tree emissions are modelled as point sources, considering tree characteristics and environmental conditions. The ADMS-Urban model is utilized to reproduce the variability of pollutant concentrations during summer 2023 in a selected neighbourhood of Bologna, Italy, characterized by densely vegetated areas. Results are verified by comparing the results of numerical simulations with pollutant observations measured within an ad-hoc measuring campaign, part of the I-CHANGE H2020 project. Pollutant emissions from green areas locally increase <span><math><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span> concentrations up to 7.4 % during the day, generating a persistent accumulation in surrounding areas. Thus, tree emission has a significant impact on pollutant concentrations, comparable to building elements in urban morphology. This highlights the need to include vegetation emissions to accurately assess urban air quality and to minimise possible side effects of green NBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for modelling roofs on large-scale urban drainage models focusing on incomplete data scenarios","authors":"C. Montalvo ,&nbsp;E. Sañudo ,&nbsp;L. Cea ,&nbsp;A.S. Chen ,&nbsp;J. Puertas ,&nbsp;B. Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impermeable surfaces such as roofs play a key role in urban pluvial floods due to the rapid transfer of rainfall to drainage networks, contributing to system overloading. This study proposes and evaluates different modelling strategies within large-scale urban drainage models, exploring simplified approaches for roof geometry and roof-to-manhole connections. The results indicate that, regardless of the methodology used to estimate roof width, the differences become negligible if the discharge point is distant. Additionally, for a contributing area of roofs discharging upstream to a manhole, the method of roof-to-manhole connection does not have a significant influence, which demonstrates the potential of these strategies to streamline the modelling process without compromising the reliability of the simulations. The findings highlight the feasibility of applying these modelling strategies in situations where data completeness is not feasible, offering a balanced solution between model complexity and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102362"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do geometric forms of public squares affect year-round thermal comfort? A field study in a cold coastal city","authors":"Mingxuan Luo ,&nbsp;Haiquan Tang ,&nbsp;Fei Guo ,&nbsp;Yufei Liu ,&nbsp;Hongchi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Dong ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao ,&nbsp;Shiyu Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of geometric forms on thermal comfort in public squares in cold coastal cities. Field measurements were conducted across four representative squares during typical meteorological days throughout the year to collect climatic parameters, along with skin temperature and thermal comfort from 16 healthy university students. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used as the thermal index, revealing differences in microclimatic conditions, physiological parameters, and thermal comfort. The results show that: (1) Geometric forms significantly influence microclimate and thermal comfort. Enclosure levels and sky view factor (SVF) primarily impact temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation, while orientation introduces seasonal variations through monsoon and maritime effects. (2) Higher enclosure levels and lower SVF are associated with higher neutral Universal Thermal Climate Index (NUTCI) values, with semi-enclosed spaces showing a broader thermal neutrality range. (3) Geometric forms affect the sensitivity of mean skin temperature (MST) to thermal changes, with lower SVF resulting in higher MST under neutral thermal sensation (TSV = 0). (4) In Dalian, the NUTCI for neutral thermal sensation ranges from 11.80 °C to 21.90 °C, while the no thermal stress range spans 5 °C to 31.80 °C. These findings provide insights for designing and renovating public squares in cold regions to improve outdoor thermal comfort and encourage outdoor activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102352"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring environmental and meteorological factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions on major urbanized cities in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Tushar Ali ,&nbsp;Quazi Hamidul Bari ,&nbsp;Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The greenhouse effect, which leads to global warming and climate change, is a significant concern for developing countries like Bangladesh due to its direct and substantial impacts on various sectors of society and the economy. This study focuses on greenhouse gases (GHGs) like methane (CH₄), ozone (O₃), and water vapor (WV) and their trend patterns across the four most industrialized cities in Bangladesh. For this purpose, twelve environmental and meteorological variables with 60 months of data (2019–2023), known to influence GHG emissions, were selected as predictors. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to assess the relationships and predictor influence on GHGs. The results reveal a consistent seasonal pattern in the GHGs identified over the observed years. The results of GAM show that population density (PD) demonstrates a robust correlation with CH₄ across all cities, yielding high linear correlations: R² = 0.93 for Dhaka, 0.85 for Khulna, and cubic R² = 0.87 for Rajshahi, all statistically significant (<em>P</em> = 0.00). Conversely, in Chittagong, municipal solid waste (MSW)/day exhibits a strong cubic correlation with CH₄ (R² = 0.95, <em>P</em> = 0.002). Moreover, O₃ and WV show proportional relationships with temperature and precipitation and also being statistically significant in all cities (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, Dhaka exhibited the highest intercept for CH₄, while Rajshahi showed the highest for O₃ and WV. Key predictors included temperature and PD for O₃; PD, MSW, and albedo for CH₄; and precipitation and PD for WV in most of the cities. In the PCA analysis, PC1 is primarily associated with climatic factors, while PC2 reflects anthropogenic and land-use factors. PCA-regression shows the modest predictive power of the model for O₃ and WV. This study provides critical city-specific insights into GHG emissions and their determinants, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and planners to formulate effective emission management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}