{"title":"The spatiotemporal evolution of dry (wet), cold (hot) and rainstorm whiplash events and their socioeconomic exposure","authors":"Changqing Meng, Zhihan Hu, Yue Li, Yuankun Wang, Yanke Zhang, Keying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenon of weather whiplash refers to sudden shifts in extreme weather events, which can have profound impacts on local climate systems, posing significant challenges to human society and ecosystems. Previous studies on whiplash events have been limited to compound events involving high temperatures and drought, without considering compound events involving low temperatures and drought, as well as the impact of humidity on apparent temperature. Additionally, they have overlooked the possibility of multiple consecutive reversals in whiplash events. In order to more comprehensively describe the whiplash effects experienced in different regions, the concept of “Coextend Compound Whiplash Events” (CCWEs) is proposed, which is further divided into “Coextend Compound Whiplash Hot Event” (CCWHE) and “Coextend Compound Whiplash Cold Event” (CCWCE). This paper systematically analyzes the changing trends and characteristics of historical and future whiplash events in seven major climatic zones of China, discusses the dominant factors contributing to whiplash events, and quantifies the population and GDP exposure resulting from the increased risk of CCWEs in inland China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban ClimatePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102193
Weichen Zhang , Shuojun Mei , Liyue Zeng
{"title":"The relative importance of anthropogenic heat and wall heat flux on the street canyons warming: A multi-physics numerical simulation","authors":"Weichen Zhang , Shuojun Mei , Liyue Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street canyon warming is influenced by both solar-heated walls and anthropogenic heat releasing. This study aims to evaluate the relative importance of anthropogenic heat emissions and wall heat fluxes induced by realistic solar heating on the air temperature in 2D street canyons. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted, considering two anthropogenic heat emitting locations (from side-wall or roof-top), three building-height arrangements (uniform-height, varied-height, elevated buildings), two aspect ratios (<em>H/W</em> = 1 or 3) and two wall heating patterns: leeward-wall heating (L-H, representing 9 a.m.), all-wall heating (A-H, representing 7 p.m.).</div><div>The results indicate that anthropogenic heat emissions from side-wall exert a greater warming effect, significantly influencing both pollutants and airflow field. The air temperature in <em>H/W</em> = 3 is higher and thermal buoyancy is more prominent. Heat emitted from side-wall elevates average air temperatures inside street canyon by 2.3 K (L-H), 2.1 K (A-H) compared to scenarios without additional heat release, and 1.6 K (L-H), 1 K (A-H) when emitted from roof-top. Varied-height buildings are characterized by the highest air temperatures (up to 3.7 K warming in <em>H/W</em> = 3) and pollutant concentrations due to poor ventilation. Elevated buildings enhance turbulent ventilation and reduce the warming effects of anthropogenic heat and solar radiation in deep street canyons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102193"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban ClimatePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102199
Michelle Adelino Cerqueira , Ricardo Victor Rodrigues Barbosa , Tiago Peixoto da Silva Lôbo
{"title":"Evolution of land surface temperature, land use land cover and their relationship: A case study of Maceió, Brazil","authors":"Michelle Adelino Cerqueira , Ricardo Victor Rodrigues Barbosa , Tiago Peixoto da Silva Lôbo","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land use land cover (LULC) change is a key contributor to land surface temperature (LST) and, consequently, the urban heat island effect. Investigating changes in urban morphology through LULC change and its impact on LST is crucial for urban planning and thermal comfort. In this work, we analyze the time-series evolution of both LST and LULC as well as their relationship in the city of Maceió, the capital of Alagoas, Brazil. We chose MODIS MOD11 as our LST data source and the Dynamic World dataset for near real time LULC mapping. LST time-series were generated for an annual scale, and we applied nonlinear trend analysis on 8-day averaged LST data using the BEAST algorithm. We found that the trend component of daytime LST for Maceió urban area increased 0.80 °C from 2000 to 2021 and, surprisingly, decreased 0.20 °C from 2021 to 2024, while the nighttime LST increased 0.85 °C from 2000 to 2024. In addition, we revealed a decrease in Crops area and an increase in Built Area, which had no impact on daytime or nighttime LST. These results can be used to aid in the creation of a better thermal comfort planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102199"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban ClimatePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102195
Amandine L. Bosserelle , Matthew W. Hughes
{"title":"Practitioner perspectives on sea-level rise impacts on shallow groundwater: Implications for infrastructure asset management and climate adaptation","authors":"Amandine L. Bosserelle , Matthew W. Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is causing sea levels to rise, posing an unprecedented threat to coastal communities and infrastructure from coastal flooding and other hazards. The impact of sea-level rise on coastal shallow groundwater and subsequent impacts on infrastructure assets is a challenge that is not well understood. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with infrastructure engineers, asset managers and climate adaptation scientists from city- to regional-scale government organisations to capture their understanding of shallow groundwater impacts and adaptation responses to these current and anticipated issues in New Zealand. The study shows that groundwater already poses challenges to infrastructure asset managers. These issues are saltwater intrusion, flooding, increased liquefaction hazard, vulnerability of stormwater, wastewater management, drainage systems and coastal protection and long-term planning and financing. Climate change and sea-level rise will exacerbate these current and future issues. A key issue is who will take responsibility for shallow groundwater management in the face of new challenges from growing climate risks. This study highlights current approaches to manage groundwater variability will continue to be applied in future adaptation strategies. Further, groundwater monitoring and infrastructure asset management approaches to adaptation are limited less by technical understanding and more by political and economic considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102195"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban ClimatePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102210
Xin Liu , Zhonghua Gou , Chao Yuan
{"title":"Application of human-centric digital twins: Predicting outdoor thermal comfort distribution in Singapore using multi-source data and machine learning","authors":"Xin Liu , Zhonghua Gou , Chao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the face of global climate warming, outdoor thermal comfort in urban settings is increasingly critical. However, accurately predicting residents' thermal perceptions during outdoor activities remains challenging due to complex environmental dynamics. This study introduces a human-centered digital twin framework that integrates physiological data, atmospheric conditions, and urban building environment features, with multiple machine learning models employed to predict and analyze outdoor thermal comfort in different regions of Singapore. Among these methods, the Bayesian-tuned XGBoost model exhibits the highest accuracy (0.66), notably excelling in categorizing “Prefer cooler” and “Prefer no change” responses. SHAP value analysis identifies key influencing factors such as human activity intensity (heart rate), geographical location (longitude and latitude), meteorological conditions (solar azimuth angle, dew point temperature), and greenery (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). Based on the most effective machine learning method, this research develops a user-personalized real-time prediction model for urban thermal comfort perception. The extensive hourly grid-based prediction results illustrate the spatiotemporal variations in outdoor thermal comfort, highlighting preference differences across locations, seasons, and activity levels. Results underscore the efficacy of the human-centric digital twin approach and machine learning in managing urban thermal environments, leveraging multi-source data to complement traditional survey methods effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102210"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban ClimatePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102186
Zhaoli Wang , Yuhong Chen , Zhaoyang Zeng , Ruishuang Li , Zeyan Li , Xuefang Li , Chengguang Lai
{"title":"Compound effects in complex estuary-ocean interaction region under various combination patterns of storm surge and fluvial floods","authors":"Zhaoli Wang , Yuhong Chen , Zhaoyang Zeng , Ruishuang Li , Zeyan Li , Xuefang Li , Chengguang Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estuary-ocean interaction regions typically confront compound floods caused by multiple drivers. However, current researches on formation mechanism and compound effect of such disaster remain inadequately profound. Therefore, this study proposed a framework to evaluate the encountering rules and hazards of compound flood based on Copula theory and hydrodynamic model. Taking Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China as a case study, the compound flood hazards under different joint scenarios with various drivers were analyzed. The results indicated that concurrent fluvial floods and storm surge will result in higher flood hazards than single driver. The simulated water levels in most areas of the PRD demonstrated a pattern that water levels of Survival Kendall Return period are greater than that of Kendall Return period, and water levels of AND Return period are the lowest. Flood hazards induced by two drivers with moderate magnitude may be more serious than one extreme event in estuary-ocean interaction region. Neglecting the combination compound effects of storm surge and fluvial flood may underestimate the flood hazards in coastal areas. Our findings yield valuable insights to compound flood hazards and provide scientific guidance for prevention and adaption of compound flood disasters in estuary-ocean interaction region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban ClimatePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102207
Elahe Mirabi, Peter J. Davies
{"title":"Mitigating urban heat along roadways; systematic review of impact and practicability","authors":"Elahe Mirabi, Peter J. Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roads contribute to the urban heat of cities. Their design, landscaping, morphology, and materials influence the microclimate and accumulation of heat at local to boundary scales. Roadways contribute up to 35 % of the urban landscape yet remain a relatively under research area within the UHI literature. This paper presents a systematic review of 248 articles exploring the extent to which roads can mitigate Urban Linear Heat (UHI<sub>ULI</sub>). As roads differ in their design and function, the analysis of the research has applied a three-tier road hierarchy based on approximate number of lanes (state, regional and local) and assessed the practicability of urban heat adaptation measures. The analysis reveals that the microclimate of roads can successfully modify through enhancing the level of tree canopy cover and through implementing water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) features. Benefits are greater along local roads being narrower, although strategies such as median strip vegetation plantings can have significant cooling benefits for wider regional and state roads. This review can inform the design and adaptive management of roadways to ameliorate the impact of a warming climate and urban heat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban ClimatePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102215
Shuyou Liu , Zhongfan Zhu , Wenqi Wu , Dawei Zhang , Dingzhi Peng , Bo Pang
{"title":"Effects of lift-up building design, building setback, and urban open space on pedestrian danger under the joint effect of floodwater and wind","authors":"Shuyou Liu , Zhongfan Zhu , Wenqi Wu , Dawei Zhang , Dingzhi Peng , Bo Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban block layouts affect both the flow patterns of floodwater and wind in urban built environments and ultimately pedestrian danger within the urban building array. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate both the floodwater inundation process and the wind-blowing process within three kinds of urban block configurations under a floodwater-wind joint effect, including the lift-up building design, horizontal and vertical building setbacks, and urban open space. The obtained floodwater velocity, depth, and wind speed at the pedestrian level are adopted to quantify the level of pedestrian danger by using the instability threshold formula of a human body. A laboratory flume experiment regarding the stability/instability of a dummy that represents a pedestrian in a quasi-natural state is performed to qualitatively validate the numerical simulation results. Compared to the cuboid or triangular pillar that supports the lift-up building structure, the circular pillar yields the minimum resistance against floodwater and increases the wind speed at the pedestrian level, consequently leading to a large danger zone area. Horizontal building setbacks decrease the pedestrian danger, but vertical building setbacks intricately affect it. The existence of open space within the block decreases pedestrian danger to some extent depending on the location and area of open space. The wind plays the dominant role in triggering pedestrian instability for both the lift-up building design and the horizontal setback case. For both the lift-up building design and the open space configuration, the walking and running speeds of pedestrians decrease much more than the conventional urban block. The results of this study could be referred to by administrators and stakeholders in the design and management of urban building arrays to mitigate pedestrian risk in the content of resilient city management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102215"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban ClimatePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102206
Christos Giannaros , Theo Economou , Daphne Parliari , Elissavet Galanaki , Vassiliki Kotroni , Konstantinos Lagouvardos , Andreas Matzarakis
{"title":"A thermo-physiologically consistent approach for studying the heat-health nexus with hierarchical generalized additive modelling: Application in Athens urban area (Greece)","authors":"Christos Giannaros , Theo Economou , Daphne Parliari , Elissavet Galanaki , Vassiliki Kotroni , Konstantinos Lagouvardos , Andreas Matzarakis","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significance of the thermo-physiological determinants of heat-related deaths has been recognized since antiquity. Still, the impact of heat on human health in the modern era is repeatedly assessed in the epidemiological literature based solely on the environmental drivers of heat stress, primarily using aggregated daily metrics of air temperature. Going beyond this simplified approach, here we showcase a prototype heat-health modelling method that incorporates thermo-physiological principles and accounts for variability across different regions and populations, using the advanced human-biometeorological mPET (modified Physiologically Equivalent Temperature) index. This novel approach is based on a hierarchical general additive modelling framework. By applying the framework in the vulnerable to heat stress Athens urban area in Greece, we demonstrate, for the first time in epidemiological terms, that fatal heat-related risk is strongly associated with daylong (> 6 h) strong heat stress exposure. We also show that atmospherically and thermo-physiologically driven location- and population-specific variations in exposure, as well as short-term acclimatization, contribute to heat-effect occurrence and modification. These novel outcomes assist in establishing links between environmental epidemiological and thermo-physiological research. This is of great importance for supporting robust and effective public health interventions, especially in cities, which are particularly heat stress susceptible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban ClimatePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102192
Michael Obriejetan , Theresa Krexner
{"title":"Remote sensing-based evapotranspiration modeling for urban green spaces: A case study in Vienna","authors":"Michael Obriejetan , Theresa Krexner","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces (UGS) play a critical role in enhancing urban livability, moderating microclimates, and supporting ecological balance. This study models actual evapotranspiration (ETa) in Vienna's UGS using high-resolution climate data and Sentinel-2 imagery. The primary objective is to adapt crop coefficients (Kc) for urban environments and provide a comprehensive understanding of UGS water dynamics, essential for sustainable urban planning and water management. By integrating satellite imagery with detailed climate data, this research adapts Kc values and measures ETa, incorporating the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to account for water availability. The study reveals significant variations in ETa rates influenced by vegetation type and seasonal changes, demonstrating the importance of considering water availability in ETa modeling. This research offers a robust framework for assessing and managing water dynamics in UGS, combining meteorological data with remote sensing methodology. The developed approach is straightforward and adaptable, allowing for replication in other cities and facilitating retrospective analyses. This insight is valuable for evaluating the impact of urban planning measures on water dynamics and highlights the potential of remote sensing technologies in delivering reliable ETa estimates crucial for the ecological resilience of urban vegetation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 102192"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}