Urban Climate最新文献

{"title":"Pyrotechnic impact of Diwali 2023 on black carbon and aerosol levels in Taj City, India: Relative endangerments and meteorological influences","authors":"Vaishnav Bartaria ,&nbsp;Ashok Jangid ,&nbsp;Ranjit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black carbon (BC) is a potent climate forcer that has severe effects on air quality and human health. This study investigates black carbon dynamics during Diwali 2023 in Agra, a city in the heavily polluted Indo-Gangetic Basin. Using an integrated approach that includes AE-33 Aethalometer, Air Q+ model, HYSPLIT back trajectory models, and FESEM-EDX analysis, the study monitors BC concentrations, health risks, pollution sources, and morphological and elemental changes. During Diwali, BC levels surged from 15.6 to 31.7 μg m⁻³, with PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0 concentrations peaking at 496, 461, and 341 μg m⁻³, respectively, due to fireworks and vehicular emissions. Elemental analysis highlighted increased magnesium, potassium, barium, and sulfur levels, linked to pyrotechnics and combustion processes. One-way ANOVA revealed wind speed and direction significantly affect BC dispersion. Post-Diwali aerosol particles showed crystalline formations linked to sulfuric acid and sulfate aerosols. Health implications are severe, with 84.22 % of effects attributed to BC and an Attributable Relative Risk (ARR) of 819.97. The study calls for stricter regulations on firework use, addressing transboundary pollution, and enhanced public awareness to mitigate BC's harmful health and environmental impacts during Diwali.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102386"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The independent and joint effects of meteorological factors on influenza: A nationwide time series study in China","authors":"Mengen Guo ,&nbsp;Yunfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianxiong Hu ,&nbsp;Aga Zheng ,&nbsp;Guanhao He ,&nbsp;Xiaokun Yang ,&nbsp;Hongting Zhao ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Fengrui Jing ,&nbsp;Ziqiang Lin ,&nbsp;Yanping Zhang ,&nbsp;Maigen Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenjun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although many studies have examined the effects of temperature or humidity on influenza, few studies investigated other meteorological factors, let alone their joint effects. This study aimed to investigate the joint effects of meteorological factors on influenza in China and identified main factors contributing to the joint effect.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Influenza cases data during 2015–2019 in 324 prefectures of China were collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Meteorological data were obtained from the Land-ERA5 dataset of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. We adopted a two-stage analysis strategy. In the first stage, distributed hysteresis nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to study the exposure response relationship between temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure and influenza, and in the second stage, meta-analysis was used to obtain the exposure response relationship at the national level. Then, a quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model was employed to assess the joint effects of mixture exposure to the four meteorological factors on influenza.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 5,093,710 influenza cases included in the study. There were U-shaped relationships between temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and influenza, while wind speed showed a negative effect on influenza. It was also a U-shaped association of mixture exposure to all the four meteorological factors with influenza. The highest risk was observed at the fourth quantile of the mixture exposure (RR 1.21; 95 % CI[1.11–1.32]) in total population, and temperature was the most important contributor (54.15 %) to the joint effect, followed by atmospheric pressure (24.46 %), wind speed (16.52 %) and relative humidity (4.87 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study found that mixture exposure to meteorological factors associated with influenza, and temperature contributed most to the combined effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102388"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating urban heat stress through green infrastructure: A climate service approach","authors":"Gabriel Yoshikazu Oukawa ,&nbsp;Patricia Krecl ,&nbsp;Admir Créso Targino ,&nbsp;Patrícia Carneiro Lobo Faria ,&nbsp;Ligia Flávia Antunes Batista","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global urban population grows, city dwellers are increasingly exposed to outdoor thermal conditions that threaten their well-being in a warming climate. In this study, we characterized the heat stress and addressed its mitigation from a climate service perspective using a mid-sized city as case study. We simulated mean radiant temperature to assess the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) at fine spatial (2 m) and temporal (1 hr) resolutions for winter and summer. Thermal conditions were evaluated for different age groups across key Local Climate Zones, and the benefits of increased green infrastructure were examined across four scenarios. To achieve this, we proposed a comprehensive framework that incorporates an algorithm to enhance tree cover. This algorithm optimizes urban spaces by replacing smaller trees with larger specimens, coupled with planting new, larger trees. Together, these components form a customized tool that climate service users can leverage. The city center, home to the largest elderly population, featured highest heat exposure, with the greatest number of hours under strong and very strong heat stress. Increasing tree canopy cover by more than two-fold reduced the UTCI by up to 2.1 °C on average, and as much as 3.1 °C during the hottest hours of the day. These findings showed that the proposed framework is well-suited for climate-sensitive applications and offers a user-friendly, cost-effective tool for cities to assess and design strategies to mitigate heat stress by increasing tree coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102384"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of convection-permitting hydroclimate modeling in urban areas across the contiguous United States","authors":"Liam Thompson ,&nbsp;Chenghao Wang ,&nbsp;Cenlin He ,&nbsp;Tzu-Shun Lin ,&nbsp;Changhai Liu ,&nbsp;Jimy Dudhia","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate representation of urban areas in weather and climate models is crucial for simulating interactions between urban surfaces and the atmospheric boundary layer, especially in high-resolution regional models that resolve deep convection. However, many continental-scale simulations use simplified urban parameterizations, raising questions about their ability to reproduce urban hydroclimate. This study evaluates CONUS404—a recent USGS-NCAR 4-km convection-permitting hydroclimate modeling dataset—in urban areas across the contiguous United States (CONUS). We assessed hourly near-surface air temperature, dewpoint, and wind speed simulations at 208 urban and 342 non-urban station locations from 2011 to 2020 using observations. Results show that CONUS404 performs better for air temperature in urban areas, with a slight mean warm bias (0.08 °C) at urban stations and a mean cold bias (−0.52 °C) at non-urban stations. Dewpoint simulations exhibit stronger dry biases at urban stations, suggesting underrepresented evapotranspiration from urban vegetation. Wind speed is generally underestimated, with average biases of −0.74 m s⁻¹ at urban and −0.35 m s⁻¹ at non-urban stations. Seasonal analyses reveal larger model errors for wintertime temperature and dewpoint that strongly depend on urban fraction. These findings highlight the limitations of the bulk urban parameterization in CONUS404, underscoring the need for enhanced urban representations to improve continental-scale hydroclimate simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102375"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban cooling and CO2 reduction potentials of mass deployment of heat pump water heaters in Tokyo","authors":"Kazuki Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Yuya Takane ,&nbsp;Tomohiko Ihara","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although countermeasures against nocturnal urban heat islands that cause health hazards are required, few measures with significant cooling potential at night are known. An air-source heat-pump water heater (HPWH) absorbs heat from the atmosphere to produce hot water and simultaneously emits a cold exhaust. The mass deployment of HPWHs is expected to contribute considerably to the improvement of urban thermal environments and mitigation of CO₂ emissions. To assess these contributions, we conducted a case study in Tokyo using an urban climate and energy model. The average peak value of summer nighttime temperature drop from HPWH reached 0.31 °C at the urban scale and exceeded 1 °C in residential areas with high hot water demand. This substantial temperature impact is attributed to stable atmospheric conditions at night. Here, urban vegetation was shown to reinforce this cooling effect by further stabilizing the nighttime atmosphere. The use of the HPWH resulted in a significant direct CO₂ reduction of 41–47 % from water-heating origin, and only a marginal indirect CO₂ increase from the space-heating origin. Given that the HPWH efficiency improves under high temperatures, the benefits of urban cooling and CO₂ reduction can be optimized by seasonally switching operation times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102374"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective street tree and grass designs to cool European neighbourhoods","authors":"Yehan Wu ,&nbsp;Bardia Mashhoodi ,&nbsp;Agnès Patuano","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street trees and grass are important elements for cooling cities, yet where and how to distribute them at the neighbourhood scale is still unclear. This study aims to identify effective street tree and grass design scenarios to maximise cooling in European neighbourhoods with temperate climate. 32 design scenarios were developed by combining urban design parameters of vegetation type, coverage, and spatial distribution in four neighbourhood typologies. The microclimate effects of these scenarios were then simulated using the ENVI-met model. To evaluate their cooling effects, three indices were applied: PET reduction, percentage change in thermal sensation class, and cooling efficiency. Results reveal that even fully covering streets with grass has a marginal thermal impact in reducing the mean Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) by up to 1.1 °C across the neighbourhood, while street trees lower PET by up to 8.7 °C. Neighbourhoods with wide radial streets have higher initial PET values and benefit more from green interventions. Strategically placing two rows of large trees on main streets is more effective for cooling than a single row on both main and secondary streets on the high-radiation side. Neighbourhood-specific practical recommendations for strategically implementing street trees and grass are provided to improve urban cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102376"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigations on urban roadside vegetation for efficient mitigation of airborne ultra-fine particles pollution: Model development, validation and implementation","authors":"Siyi Bao ,&nbsp;Zhuangbo Feng ,&nbsp;Shi-Jie Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban traffic-released ultra-fine particles (UFPs) significantly threats human health due to their distinctive composition/size and high toxicity. The roadside vegetation has potential to effectively purify UFPs. Optimal urban vegetation design relies on reliable prediction of UFPs motion and purification. The existing models mainly focused on vegetation removal of PM_2.5/PM₁₀, while less attention was paid to UFPs. Therefore, the current study proposed a turbulence-induced particle deposition model to predict the removal of size-dependent UFPs by roadside vegetation. This model simultaneously incorporated air turbulence characteristics, particle size, leaf area density (LAD), and surface roughness into UFPs removal simulation. Experimental particle size-dependent data from literature was utilized for model validation, and relative errors were below 7 %. Then this validated numerical model was utilized to optimize urban roadside vegetation design. Compared with the scene without roadside vegetation, utilization of “trees+shrubs” can decrease 57 %–95 % of UFPs concentration (1–100 nm) at sidewalks area on the downstream side of urban road, while large UFPs (&gt; 50 nm) locally accumulated on the upstream side. The UFPs concentrations in the whole target zone decreased by 11 %–78 % due to vegetation purification. The newly proposed numerical model can be used for sustainable design of roadside vegetation to effectively mitigate UFPs pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102377"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban climate risk assessment under climate and land use changes impact: A multi-dimensional approach","authors":"Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Yifeng Qin ,&nbsp;Dobri Dunchev ,&nbsp;Shengquan Che ,&nbsp;Boryana Ivanova","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a multi-dimensional approach to assess urban climate risks under the dual pressures of climate change and land-use transformations, with a focus on the city of Shanghai. By integrating climate, land-use, and socio-economic factors, our approach provides a comprehensive framework to evaluate the potential impacts of future climate and land-use scenarios on urban environments. Utilizing the patch-generating simulation (PLUS) model and downscaled Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data, this research projected land-use patterns and climate indicators for 2030 under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The results reveals a complex interplay between climatic hazards, urban development, and socio-economic dynamics, which highlights the pattern of higher extreme climate risks in the northwest and lower in the southeast of Shanghai. By 2030, while land transformation is projected to decrease, the increase in impervious surfaces is expected to persist. The Climate Risk Index (CR) for Shanghai, under scenarios SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585, is primarily influenced by climatic factors, with extreme precipitation and heatwaves being significant. The findings underscore the necessity of a holistic approach to urban climate risk assessment, emphasizing the primary influence of climatic factors, followed by land-use changes, with socio-economic factors playing a less pronounced role. This study enhances the understanding of urban climate risk within the context of global environmental changes and provides a replicable methodology for other urban centers confronting similar challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change effects on the spatial and temporal distribution of extreme precipitation in the Mid-Atlantic region","authors":"Majid Mirzaei ,&nbsp;Adel Shirmohammadi ,&nbsp;Alfredo Ruiz-Barradas ,&nbsp;Lars J. Olson ,&nbsp;Masoud Negahban-Azar","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global environmental stability is significantly impacted by climate change, with an increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events posing substantial risks to infrastructure, ecosystems, and communities. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of extreme precipitation events in Maryland is provided, utilizing the latest CMIP6 models to assess historical (1951–2022) trends and project future scenarios from 2022 to 2100 under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). Extreme precipitation events were analyzed by fitting a Generalized Logistic (GLO) distribution to daily observational precipitation data, with events above the 95th percentile identified as extreme. The frequency and magnitude of these events were determined by counting annual occurrences, calculating mean magnitudes, and assessing their probability across different climate scenarios. Additionally, Depth-Duration-Frequency (DDF) curves were developed to estimate expected precipitation amounts for various durations and return periods, with a focus on the associated uncertainties. The findings indicate that the probability of extreme precipitation events has slightly increased over the past seven decades, with notable variability between years, while the magnitude of these events has remained relatively stable. Future projections suggest a considerable rise in both the frequency and magnitude of extreme events, particularly under the SSP585 scenario, with the most severe impacts expected in certain regions of Maryland (Anne Arundel County and Dorchester County) and on the global level. This highlights the varying degrees of vulnerability across the state and underscores the need for targeted adaptation strategies. These results emphasize the critical importance of emissions mitigation to limit the severity of future extreme weather events and suggest that robust, region-specific adaptation measures will be essential in managing the increasing risks associated with climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102382"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant contribution of urban morphological diversity to urban surface thermal heterogeneity","authors":"Jiyao Zhao ,&nbsp;Le Yu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Haohuan Fu ,&nbsp;Peng Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban heat island (UHI) effect, exacerbated by global warming, poses significant public health threats and socioeconomic damages. Previous UHI studies have largely overlooked thermal heterogeneity within urban areas, as existing research on urban morphology and intra-city thermal variability is mostly limited to the city scale due to the difficulty of acquiring detailed urban morphology data on a larger scale, which result in a lack of comprehensive global understanding of the relationship between urban morphological diversity and thermal heterogeneity. To address this gap, our study utilized satellite-based land surface temperature (LST) observations and the global local climate zone (LCZ) dataset to quantify the urban morphological diversity and urban surface thermal heterogeneity, and further investigate the relationship between them across 1024 cities worldwide. Our results demonstrate a robust correlation between urban morphological diversity and urban thermal heterogeneity, with urban morphological diversity accounting for a median of 15.40 % and 20.57 % of daytime and nighttime variability respectively. This relationship is further influenced by the regional background climate, shaping the intracity thermal variabilities. Across different climate regimes, an increase in urban morphological diversity is consistently associated with elevated urban thermal heterogeneity in each region of the world. These findings highlight the need for policymakers to address intracity thermal heterogeneity and emphasize the importance of tailored urban heat mitigation strategies that account for urban morphological diversity and local climate conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102383"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}