Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Intelligibility Sound Therapy Enhances the Ability of Speech-in-Noise Perception and Pre-Perceptual Neurophysiological Response.","authors":"Takashi Ishino, Kei Nakagawa, Fumiko Higashikawa, Sakura Hirokane, Rikuto Fujita, Chie Ishikawa, Tomohiro Kawasumi, Kota Takemoto, Takashi Oda, Manabu Nishida, Yuichiro Horibe, Nobuyuki Chikuie, Takayuki Taruya, Takao Hamamoto, Tsutomu Ueda, Louis Yuge, Sachio Takeno","doi":"10.3390/biology13121021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aural rehabilitation with hearing aids can decrease the attentional requirements of cognitive resources by amplifying deteriorated-frequency sound in hearing loss patients and improving auditory discrimination ability like speech-in-noise perception. As aural rehabilitation with an intelligible-hearing sound also can be hopeful, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aural rehabilitation with intelligible-hearing sound for hearing loss patients. Adult native Japanese speakers (17 males and 23 females, 68.43 ± 9.23 years) with hearing thresholds exceeding 30 dB at any of the following frequencies: 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 8000, 10,000, and 12,000 Hz in either ear, were recruited. on any side were recruited and underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination Japanese. We conducted a self-evaluation questionnaire for hearing problems of voice, a gap detection test, a fast speech test, a speech-in-noise test, a pure tone audiogram, and a speech perception test using a Japanese 67-S, cortical auditory-evoked fields, and magnetic mismatch negativity before and after the non-intelligible-hearing (<i>N</i> = 20) and intelligible-hearing (<i>N</i> = 20) sound therapy, which involved listening to music for one hour a day for 35 days. The better hearing ear was defined using a four-frequency pure-tone average at the thresholds of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. After the sound therapy, the speech-in-noise test with a signal-to-noise ratio +10 in the better hearing ear showed significant improvement (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and N1m-P2m amplitudes showed a significant increase in the Lt superior temporal gyrus in response to the stimulus from the better hearing ear (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A significant enhancement of the magnetic mismatch negativity amplitude at the Lt superior temporal gyrus was exhibited after the sound therapy (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Intelligible-hearing sound therapy can improve the ability of speech-in-noise perception in the better hearing ear and enhancement of central cortex response, which reflects the ability of working memory, was proved by cortical auditory-evoked fields and magnetic mismatch negativity. Intelligible-hearing sound therapy can be a valuable aural rehabilitation method for sensory neural hearing loss, the same as hearing aids.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance as a Functional Characteristic of Urban Dust Particles' Microbial Communities.","authors":"Anna A Vetrova, Anastasia A Ivanova, Kirill V Petrikov, Olga Gavrichkova, Maria V Korneykova, Olesya I Sazonova","doi":"10.3390/biology13121022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban dust samples were collected in Moscow (Russia) in June 2021. The samples were collected in three functional zones of Moscow (traffic, residential, and recreational) and included air microparticles, leaf dust, and paved dust. Data on the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities were obtained for dust samples, and their functional characteristics were predicted using PICRUSt2 2.5.0 and FAPROTAX 1.8.0 software. The culturable part of the bacterial community was examined for the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains with respect to β-lactams, tetracyclines, amphenicols, and aminoglycosides. The presence of bacteria resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime, and tetracycline was detected in all dust samples. The presence of bacteria resistant to meropenem and amikacin was only observed in the dust collected from leaves in the residential and traffic zones. The overall abundance of cultured antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the total heterotrophs ranged from 0.03% to 1.88%, with the highest percentage observed in dust from the residential zone. Notably, strains resistant to all antibiotics tested were observed in the leaf dust bacterial community.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregametogenesis: The Earliest Stages of Gonad and Germline Differentiation in Anuran Amphibians.","authors":"Maria Ogielska, Magdalena Chmielewska, Beata Rozenblut-Kościsty","doi":"10.3390/biology13121017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gonads of amphibians, like other vertebrates, consist of somatic tissues, which create a specific environment essential for the differentiation of germline cells. The earliest stages of gametogenesis still remain underexplored in anuran amphibians. We propose to introduce the term \"pregametogenesis\" for a specific period of gonocyte proliferation and differentiation that occurs exclusively during the early stages of gonadal development. This review shows the key steps of early gonad differentiation in anuran amphibians and further compares chromatin reorganization in gonocytes of mammals and hybridogenetic water frogs. In mammals, this phase involves resetting genomic imprinting, which is crucial for determining gene expression in offspring. In hybridogenetic <i>Pelophylax</i> water frogs, we highlight the unique phenomenon of genome elimination, where one parental subgenome is eliminated while the other is replicated. This process, occurring at the same developmental phase as imprinting in mammals, underscores the evolutionary importance of pregametogenesis. The study of amphibian gonocytes provides valuable insights into chromatin reorganization and genome plasticity, offering new perspectives on reproductive biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Secretome in Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine: A Composition-Based Perspective.","authors":"Chiara Giannasi, Francesca Cadelano, Elena Della Morte, Camilla Baserga, Camilla Mazzucato, Stefania Niada, Alessandro Baj","doi":"10.3390/biology13121016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) secretome is widely studied for its immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, yet its potential in maxillofacial medicine remains largely underexplored. This review takes a composition-driven approach, beginning with a list of chemokines, cytokines, receptors, and inflammatory and growth factors quantified in the ADSC secretome to infer its potential applications in this medical field. First, a review of the literature confirmed the presence of 107 bioactive factors in the secretome of ADSCs or other types of mesenchymal stem cells. This list was then analyzed using the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) software, revealing 844 enriched biological processes. From these, key processes were categorized into three major clinical application areas: immunoregulation (73 factors), bone regeneration (13 factors), and wound healing and soft tissue regeneration (27 factors), with several factors relevant to more than one area. The most relevant molecules were discussed in the context of existing literature to explore their therapeutic potential based on available evidence. Among these, TGFB1, IL10, and CSF2 have been shown to modulate immune and inflammatory responses, while OPG, IL6, HGF, and TIMP1 contribute to bone regeneration and tissue repair. Although the ADSC secretome holds great promise in oral and maxillofacial medicine, further research is needed to optimize its application and validate its clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Survival Selection Fails to Explain Observed Patterns of Phenotypic Divergence Between Suburban and Forest Populations of the Cuban Endemic Lizard, <i>Anolis homolechis</i>.","authors":"Annabelle Vidal, Frank Cézilly, Roger Pradel","doi":"10.3390/biology13121019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although urbanization is a major threat to biodiversity, some native species have managed to persist in urban areas. Populations of such species often show phenotypic differences with their rural counterparts. A crucial question is whether such differences result from different selection regimes between habitats. As previous studies showed that suburban and forest populations of <i>Anolis homolechis</i> differ in both body size and sex ratio, we tested the effect of urbanization on adult survival in those populations based on a long-term capture-marking-recapture survey and replicated design. We assessed the evidence for directional and stabilizing selection on size in two suburban and two forest populations by modeling apparent adult survival and recapture probability separately. Adult survival did not differ between habitat types. In addition, there was no evidence for size-related differential selection on adult survival between habitats. However, irrespective of habitat, we found significant stabilizing selection on female size, whereas male survival was independent of size. Overall, sex had a significant effect on survival independent of habitat type (monthly survival probability: 0.80 for males vs. up to 0.89 for females of optimal size). We discuss our results in relation to the potential mechanisms involved in the observed phenotypic differentiation of <i>A. homolechis</i> and other lizard species in areas transformed by urbanization.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and Utilization.","authors":"NiMa QuZhen, Lhundrup Namgyal, Dawa Dondrup, Ying Wang, Zhi Wang, Xing-Xing Cai, Bao-Rong Lu, La Qiong","doi":"10.3390/biology13121018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Naked barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> var. <i>nudum</i>) is a staple food crop, contributing significantly to global food security. Understanding genetic diversity will facilitate its effective conservation and utilization. To determine genetic diversity and its distribution within and among varieties, we characterized 30 naked barley varieties from Tibet, representing the traditional, modern, and germplasm-resources-bank gene pools, by analyzing SSR molecular fingerprints. The results demonstrate abundant genetic diversity in Tibetan naked barley varieties, particularly those in the traditional gene pool that holds much more private (unique) alleles. Principal coordinates and STRUCTURE analyses indicate substantial deviation of the modern varieties from the traditional and germplasm-resources-bank varieties. A considerable amount of seed mixture is detected in the modern varieties, suggesting the practices of using mixed seeds in modern-variety cultivation. Cluster analyses further indicate the narrow genetic background of the modern varieties, likely due to the limited number of traditional/germplasm-resources-bank varieties applied in breeding. Relationships between increases in genetic diversity and sample sizes within naked barley varieties highlight the importance of effective sampling strategies for field collections. The findings from this study have important implications for the sustainable utilization and effective conservation of different types of naked barley germplasm, both in Tibet and in other regions around the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of Early Maternal Deprivation on Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Central Nervous System of Male and Female Rats.","authors":"Diego San Felipe, Beatriz Martín-Sánchez, Khaoula Zekri-Nechar, Marta Moya, Ricardo Llorente, Jose J Zamorano-León, Eva M Marco, Meritxell López-Gallardo","doi":"10.3390/biology13121011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early life stress (ELS) is associated with an increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, and both neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction seem to be central to mental health. Herein, using an animal model of ELS, a single episode of maternal deprivation (MD, 24 h on pnd 9) extensively documented to elicit behavioural anomalies in male and female Wistar rats, we investigated its consequences in terms of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dynamics in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampal formation (HCF). MD differentially affected the brain content of cytokines: MD induced a transient increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in the PFC, as well as in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the HCF. MD also induced a significant decrease mitochondria citrate synthase activity, but MD did not exert significant changes in mitochondria Complex IV activity, revealing a generalized decrease in mitochondrial density without any change in mitochondrial respiration. In the present study, we demonstrate that MD induces neuroinflammatory processes in specific brain regions. Additional research is needed to better understand the temporal pattern of such changes, their impact on the developing brain, and their participation in the already well-known behavioural consequences of MD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Larger Pollinators Have Higher Pollination Efficiency for the Generalized Pollination Plant <i>Hibiscus mutabilis</i>?","authors":"Xiaoqing Shi, Bin Zheng, Xiaoli Liu, Fangwen Li, Zhangshun Zhu, Qiumei Quan, Yunxiang Li","doi":"10.3390/biology13121009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To understand the reproductive strategies of the typically introduced plant <i>Hibiscus mutabilis</i> and to compare the pollination efficiency of its different pollinators, we observed, measured, and recorded the flowering dynamics, floral traits, and visiting insects of <i>H. mutabilis</i>. Furthermore, we compared the body size, visitation rate, and pollination efficiency of the pollination insects of <i>H. mutabilis</i>. The results indicated that, despite exhibiting specialized moth pollination characteristics based on similarities in flower features to other moth-pollinated species, <i>H. mutabilis</i> actually presented a generalized pollination system. The nectar of <i>H. mutabilis</i> attracted a variety of insects to provide pollination services, a total of five flower visitors, one moth species (<i>Macroglossum pyrrhosticta</i>), and four bee species (<i>Xylocopa appendiculata</i>, <i>Xylocopa dissimilis</i>, <i>Bombus breviceps</i>, and <i>Apis mellifera</i>), were found to provide pollination services for <i>H. mutabilis</i>. The pollination efficiency of these pollinators was related to the parts of their body in contact with the stamens and stigmas of flowers. Although <i>M. pyrrhosticta</i> was larger in size and its visitation frequency in our field observations was higher, its pollination efficiency was lower. This was due to the small part of its body (proboscis) contacting the two sexual organs of <i>H. mutabilis</i> while visiting flowers, resulting in a low amount of pollen being transferred and deposited. In contrast, the bee pollinators' proboscis was significantly shorter than that of <i>M. pyrrhosticta</i>, and it must enter the flower to suck the nectar that is hidden deeply inside the base of the flower. Therefore, the body parts of bee pollinators in contact with the two sexual organs of <i>H. mutabilis</i> were larger than <i>M. pyrrhosticta</i> in the process of visiting flowers, and the pollination efficiencies were significantly higher than those of <i>M. pyrrhosticta</i>. In addition, larger bee pollinators have higher pollination efficiency. As a result, <i>H. mutabilis</i> suffered from pollen limitation due to the pollination efficiencies of the moth pollinators in the introduced habitats, but it compensated by attracting more species of bee pollinators.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the Interaction Mechanism of Pseudorabies Virus Infection.","authors":"Xiaoyong Chen, Ziding Yu","doi":"10.3390/biology13121013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pseudorabies virus (PRV), also known as suid alphaherpesvirus 1 (SuAHV-1), has garnered significant attention due to its broad host range and the economic losses it incurs in the swine industry. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate virus-host interactions during PRV infection, focusing on the evasion strategies of the virus against the host responses. We also summarize the mechanisms by which PRV manipulates the host cell machinery to facilitate its replication and spread, while simultaneously evading detection and clearance by the immune system. Furthermore, we discuss the latest advancements, such as metabolic, autophagic, and apoptotic pathways in studying these interactions, highlighting the role of various cellular factors and pathways in elucidating virus-host dynamics. By integrating these insights, the article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying PRV pathogenesis and host response, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against this virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DT-13 Mediates Ligand-Dependent Activation of PPARγ Response Elements In Vitro.","authors":"Shikha Raina, Esther Samuel, Hendrik Fuchs","doi":"10.3390/biology13121015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activation of inflammatory pathways releases a storm of cytokines. Moreover, unregulated cytokines contribute to chronic inflammatory disorders. However, ligand-activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is involved in suppressing inflammatory cytokines via transrepression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Therefore, in this study, the anti-inflammatory saponin DT-13 is explored as a ligand of PPARγ. DT-13 upregulated the expression of PPARγ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in comparison to treatment with LPS alone. Applying a HEK transfection model, we observed a DT-13 dose-dependent increase in ligand-dependent activation of PPARγ, which was compared with troglitazone and rosiglitazone. DT-13 was not able to compete with the synthetic fluoromone tracer for binding to PPARγ as observed in a fluorescence polarization binding assay, whereas molecular docking showed a possible binding interaction of DT-13 with the PPARγ nuclear receptor. We proved the expression of PPARγ protein in the presence of DT-13 using a robust cell-based HEK293FT transfection model. More in-depth analysis needs to be performed to evaluate the efficiency of the binding of DT-13 to PPARγ. A possible binding interaction of DT-13 to PPARγ was observed, similar to that of rosiglitazone. This study revealed a novel mechanism for anti-inflammatory effects by DT-13 through PPARγ-dependent transrepression of NFκB.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}