Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Diversity and Ecology of Late Glacial Diatoms of the Eastern Baltic Region.","authors":"Anna Rudinskaya, Olga Druzhinina","doi":"10.3390/biology14091226","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sediments of shallow basins formed on along the coast of the Baltic Ice Lake in the Late Glacial are a valuable source of information for reconstructing the paleoenvironment. A detailed diatom analysis, along with chronological and lithological studies, was performed for the sediments of one of these paleoreservoirs, uncovered in the Kulikovo section (Sambian Peninsula, Kaliningrad Region of the Russian Federation) and dated to 14,000-12,500 calBP. As a result of this study, the essential diversity of Late Glacial diatoms was revealed and 204 species were found. Among them, benthic and epiphytic species belonging to the group of oligohalobous indifferents predominate. The most typical species are <i>Pseudostaurosira brevistriata</i>, <i>Staurosirella ovata</i>, <i>Gyrosigma attenuatum</i>, <i>G. acuminatum</i>, <i>Amphora affinis, Epithemia adnata</i> and <i>Cymbopleura inaequalis</i>. A comparison with available regional data showed that the mass development of pioneer epiphytic diatoms of the Fragilariaceae in the Allerød is common to most of the paleoaquatic ecosystems. A local feature of the Kulikovo paleoreservoir, along with a wide range of ecological diatom groups, is the episode of massive development of <i>Gyrosigma</i> spp., benthic diatoms capable of living in streaming water, in the first half of the Allerød. The Kulikovo diatom assemblages reacted sensitively, not only to the main environmental shifts of the Allerød and Younger Dryas, but also to smaller-scale climatic events, such as Herzensee Oscillation (GI-1b) and changes in hydrological regimes (water level fluctuations, flow rate) caused by local environmental transformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance of Early-Life Stress from Grand-Dams Through Paternal Gametes: Impaired Social Cognition and Reduced Reactivity to Aversive Predictors in DAT-HET Rats.","authors":"Eleonora D'Antonio, Gioia Zanfino, Concetto Puzzo, Micaela Capobianco, Francesco Mannella, Vincenzo De Laurenzi, Giuseppe Curcio, Walter Adriani","doi":"10.3390/biology14091229","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance has emerged as a compelling mechanism by which early-life stress can shape behavior in descendants with no direct exposure to trauma. However, whether such heritable modifications affect subtle behavioral phenotypes, like processing of social and emotional stimuli, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the behavioral profile of fourth-generation heterozygous dopamine-transporter (DAT-HET) rats. Compared to control (SX) rats, our experimental group (labelled SIKK) consisted of animals (at G4, F3) born from MIK sires (at G3, F2), who descended from grand-dams (at G2, F1) who were in turn exposed to early-life maltreatment by their own DAT-KO mothers (the great-grand-dams, at G1, F0). To probe inhibitory control and social cognition, we employed the signaled licking / avoidance of punishment (SLAP) task, the elicited preference test (EPT), and the social recognition test (SRT). In the SLAP task, SIKK rats exhibited slower acquisition of passive avoidance, suggesting dampened sensitivity to predictive aversive cues. In the EPT, wild-type focal rats displayed a clear preference for SX over SIKK conspecifics, indicating reduced social appeal of epigenetically altered animals. In the SRT, SX rats successfully discriminated between a novel and a familiar DAT-KO conspecific, while SIKK rats failed to do so, revealing impaired social cognition. Together, these findings indicate that, despite the absence of direct trauma in their infancy, SIKK rats exhibit a distinct behavioral phenotype characterized by increased reactivity to threat and deficits in social preferences and cognition. These alterations reflect inherited dysfunctions in limbic dopaminergic circuits, particularly within PFC. Our study highlights how an ancestor's adversity can shape adaptive behavior in future generations, providing a powerful model for understanding the biological basis of vulnerability to psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptors Stimulate MAPK-Mediated Growth of Lung Cancer Cells by Transactivating HER4 in a Neuregulin-1, MAP Kinase-Dependent Manner Requiring Activation of the ROS-System.","authors":"Terry W Moody, Irene Ramos-Alvarez, Tatiana Iordanskaia, Samuel A Mantey, Robert T Jensen","doi":"10.3390/biology14091225","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bombesin (Bn) receptor family [Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRPR/BB2R) and Neuromedin B receptors (NMBR/BB1R)] are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR's) with potent growth effects on normal tissues/numerous cancers, often by transactivating the ErbB receptor-tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Whereas GRPR stimulation transactivates ErbB RTKs EGFR, HER2, and HER3 in non-small cell lung-cancer (NSCLC) cells, its effects on HER4 are unknown. This study was designed to address this question. Of 12 NSCLC's studied, 75% had HER4 mRNA expression and Western-Blotting. NCI-H522 and NCI-H661-cells had high levels of GRPR, HER4, and the HER4-ligand neuregulin (NRG1). Adding GRP to NCI-H522/NCI-H661-cells activated HER4, shown by its increased phosphorylation (P-HER4). The GRPR antagonists PD176252/BW2258U89 inhibited this increase. In NCI-H661-cells, GRP stimulated the formation of HER4-homodimers and HER2-HER4-heterodimers. Adding GRP to these NSCLC-cells increased P-ERK/P-AKT, which was inhibited by siRNA-HER4, PD176252, and ibrutinib, as well as <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine and Tiron, which reduce reactive-oxygen species (ROS). GRP increased secretion of NRG1 from NSCLC-cells, and NRG1 increased P-HER4 and P-ERK, which were impaired by ibrutinib. GRP and NRG1 stimulated proliferation of NSCLC-cells, which was inhibited by PD176252, siRNA-HER4, or ibrutinib and which was mediated by MAPK, not AKT/PI3K, activation. These results show GRPR activation results in HER4 transactivation in a ROS-dependent manner, which stimulates NSCLC-growth through a MAPK-mediated mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of Protein Kinase CaMKI Leads to Autism-Related Phenotypes in Synaptic Connectivity, Sleep, Sociality, and Aging-Dependent Degeneration in <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Claudia Gualtieri, Zachary M Smith, Abby Cruz, Ziam Khan, Conor Jenkins, Ketu Mishra-Gorur, Fernando J Vonhoff","doi":"10.3390/biology14091228","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a range of conditions, primarily marked by deficits in social behaviors, along with several comorbidities such as sleep abnormalities and motor dysfunction. Recent studies have identified genetic risk factors associated with ASD, including the <i>CAMK4</i> (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4). However, the molecular mechanisms linking <i>CAMK4</i> dysregulation and ASD-associated phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we used <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> as a model system to investigate ASD-associated phenotypes in flies with dysregulated <i>CaMKI</i>, the fly homolog of mammalian <i>CAMK4</i>. We show that <i>CaMKI</i> manipulations affect sleep, circadian rhythmicity, and social behavior. Consistent with the higher prevalence of dementia observed in autistic patients, we also observed a significantly enhanced behavioral decline in motor performance and dendritic degeneration in flies expressing RNAi-based <i>CaMKI</i> knockdown in flight motoneurons, suggesting a link between developmental and degenerative processes. As aberrant synaptic pruning is hypothesized to underlie the synaptic phenotypes observed in brains of autistic patients, we examined synaptic phenotypes following <i>CaMKI</i> manipulations using the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and observed miswiring phenotypes suggesting aberrant synaptic refinement. We performed shotgun mass-spectrometry proteomics and identified various molecular candidates, particularly molecules involved in cytoskeleton regulation and chemorepulsion, likely to regulate the phenotypes described here. Thus, our results suggest that <i>CaMKI</i> plays a role in developmental processes and influences aging-dependent degenerative processes, possibly providing mechanistic insight into the genetic basis of ASD etiology and the development of effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of <i>Caiman crocodilus</i> (Crocodilia: Alligatoridae) on Gorgona Island, Colombia.","authors":"Natalia Londoño, Raúl Ernesto Sedano-Cruz, Alan Giraldo","doi":"10.3390/biology14091227","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the genetic variation and structure of the spectacled caiman (<i>Caiman crocodilus</i>) on Gorgona Island, Colombia, compared to continental populations. We analyzed 178 partial Cytochrome b gene sequences, most of which were obtained from GenBank, and identified 23 haplogroups, with five of these specifically found on the Island. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed <i>C. crocodilus</i>, including the Gorgona Island population, in a distinct monophyletic group. Genetic structure analysis identified two main clusters, with Gorgona Island caimans primarily assigned to the Trans-Andean cluster. The haplogroup network illustrates the two major groups, with a maximum of 12 mutational steps between them. Additionally, Tajima's D statistic suggests an excess of rare alleles in the spectacled caiman. Genetic differentiation across regions suggests historical isolation, likely shaped by geographical barriers and limited gene flow. The distinct genetic patterns of island populations highlight their disparity in terms of evolutionary dynamics and conservation importance. Further genomic analysis is recommended to explore demographic history. Conservation strategies should prioritize the maintenance of genetic diversity to mitigate the effects of isolation, while also incorporating insights from the species' biogeographic history. Our findings highlight the unique contribution of the small population in Gorgona Island to the species' spatial genetic structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Bumblebee Community Assemblages and Their Associated Drivers in Yunnan, China.","authors":"Huanhuan Chen, Muhammad Naeem, Licun Meng, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Maryam Riasat, Zichao Liu, Canping Pan","doi":"10.3390/biology14091222","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bumblebees are among the most important wild pollinators; however, their populations are declining worldwide due to factors such as climate change, habitat loss, and pesticide use. For their conservation, it is important to understand the community structure at the local scale and the drivers responsible for their assemblages. However, little is known about bumblebee community assemblages and their drivers in Yunnan Province, China. In this study, we mapped bumblebee community assemblages across 125 counties in Yunnan Province using field-collected and published data. We also quantified the climatic and land use/land cover (LULC) drivers shaping these assemblages. The climatic habitat suitability for 21 bumblebee species was assessed at the county level across Yunnan using species distribution modeling. The biogeographic zones (groups of counties) were identified using Ward's agglomerative cluster analysis, and the impacts of 12 bioclimatic and LULC drivers on the zonation pattern were assessed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Results indicated that more than 70% of bumblebee species showed their highest environmental suitability in the northern region of Yunnan. Among climatic factors, temperature-related bioclimatic variables were identified as dominant drivers influencing the spatial distribution of 15 out of 21 bumblebee species within the counties of Yunnan. In contrast, five species, <i>B. grahami</i>, <i>B. impetuosus</i>, <i>B. lepidus</i>, <i>B. picipies</i>, and <i>B. securus</i>, showed the highest contribution from precipitation-related factors. Six biogeographic zones (I, II, III, IV, V, and VI) were identified using Ward's agglomerative cluster analysis. All 12 drivers were found to play critical roles in shaping the community assemblages of bumblebee species. This study provides essential insights for devising targeted conservation strategies at a local scale to maintain bumblebee populations in Yunnan.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Strategies of the Swelled Vent Frog (<i>Nanorana quadranus</i>): Testicular Size, Sperm Traits, and Fecundity Responses to Geographical Gradients.","authors":"Lulu Lyu, Shuang Huang, Miao He, Yan Huang","doi":"10.3390/biology14091224","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproductive strategies represent a fundamental aspect of life-history evolution and are shaped by environmental heterogeneity across geographic gradients. This study investigated geographic variation in reproductive traits of the swelled vent frog (<i>Nanorana quadranus</i>), a stream-breeding species in China's Qinling-Daba Mountains. Male reproductive traits were assessed across 10 populations, including testicular asymmetry, relative testis size, sperm morphology, and sperm count. Female reproductive traits were examined in 12 populations, focusing on body mass and absolute fecundity. Results indicated no significant difference in bilateral testicular asymmetry (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Both relative testis size and sperm count increased with latitude. Sperm length correlated positively with testis size. Conversely, female body mass and age increased with altitude, while absolute fecundity was positively correlated with body mass. Environmental analysis revealed that sperm length exhibited significant positive correlations with aspect and seasonal evapotranspiration anomaly (SEA). Relative testis size was regulated by mean diurnal temperature range (Bio2) and precipitation of the wettest month (Bio13). Furthermore, female absolute fecundity correlated with the minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6). These findings demonstrate that reproductive strategies in <i>N. quadranus</i> adapt to geographic and environmental gradients, reflecting adaptive plasticity to local ecological pressures. This study advances understanding of amphibian reproductive adaptation and highlights the importance of incorporating environmental factors in life-history research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatic Identification and Expression Profiling of Heptahelical Transmembrane Protein Genes in Soybean Under Phytohormone and Nematode Stress.","authors":"Wenshu Kang, Nawei Qi, Piao Lei","doi":"10.3390/biology14091223","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heptahelical transmembrane proteins (HHPs) have recently been recognized as crucial regulators of diverse biological processes in eukaryotes. In this study, 10 <i>GmHHP</i> genes were identified in soybean, and a comprehensive analysis was conducted to examine their phylogenetic relationships, cis-regulatory elements, expression patterns, and potential regulatory networks. Expression profiling revealed that most <i>GmHHP</i> genes were transcriptionally induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), with <i>GmHHP1</i> and <i>GmHHP7</i> exhibiting the strongest induction. During soybean cyst nematode (SCN) infection, several <i>GmHHP</i> genes were down-regulated, suggesting a potential role in plant-nematode interactions. Protein interaction network analysis indicated that <i>GmHHPs</i> could interact with mitochondrial pyruvate carriers, alkaline phytoceramidases, and histone deacetylases, which may link them to ABA-regulated biological processes such as stomatal movement, water homeostasis, and stress adaptation. Furthermore, interacting miRNA prediction demonstrated that conserved miRNAs, including miR172 and miR319, might co-regulate <i>GmHHP</i> genes and their associated protein partners. Collectively, these findings indicate that <i>GmHHP</i> genes function as membrane-associated regulators of ABA signaling and defense responses, particularly under biotic stress, such as nematode infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on 5S rDNA, Mitochondria and Nutritional Components of <i>Cambaroides dauricus</i>.","authors":"Hanbo Liu, Xiaoyi Dong, Yude Wang, Shengwei Luo","doi":"10.3390/biology14091215","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mitochondrial genome and 5S rDNA are powerful tools for exploring and confirming species identity and understanding evolutionary trajectories. In addition, evaluating the nutritional value of <i>Cambaroides dauricus</i> by determining and analyzing the nutritional components of its muscles could provide essential data for relevant artificial breeding and food processing. In this study, for the first time, we characterized the mitochondrial genome of <i>Cambaroides dauricus</i> using Illumina sequencing technology. The results showed that the mitochondrial genome was a circular genome of 16,215 bp in length. The average sequencing depth of the mitochondrial genome was 100X. The nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial genome was 33.4% A, 39.1% T, 11.0% C and 16.5% G. Phylogenetic analyses showed that <i>Cambaroides dauricus</i> has a very close relationship with <i>Cambaroides wladiwostokiensis</i>. The results of 5S rDNA showed that the genetic relationship between <i>Procambarus clarkii</i> and <i>Cambaroides dauricus</i> is quite close. After determining the nutritional components of <i>Cambaroides dauricus</i>' muscles with normal analysis methods, the results revealed that it has a crude protein content of 18.47 ± 0.87 per 100 milligrams, a crude fat content of 0.83 ± 0.12 per 100 milligrams, a crude ash content of 0.63 ± 0.06 per 100 milligrams and a moisture content of 79.8 ± 0.72 per 100 milligrams. There are eight essential amino acids in its protein, accounting for 41.59% of the total amino acids, and the proportion of umami amino acids is 36.27%. This study will provide a valuable basis for further studies of taxonomy, phylogenetic analyses and artificial breeding in <i>Cambaroides dauricus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organelle Genomes of <i>Nardostachys jatamansi</i> Offer New Perspectives into the Evolutionary Dynamics of Caprifoliaceae.","authors":"Yanli Xiong, Yi Xiong, Qingqing Yu, Xiao Ma, Xiong Lei","doi":"10.3390/biology14091219","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The organelle genomes of <i>N. jatamansi</i> were sequenced and examined to explore their structure, evolution, and possible functional implications. The chloroplast genome was constructed as a singular circular entity of 155,225 bp, whereas the mitochondrial genome exhibited considerable complexity, divided into 14 contigs totaling 1,229,747 bp, along with several sub-circular formations. Comparative analysis within the Caprifoliaceae family revealed that four genes (<i>rps19</i>, <i>rpl22</i>, <i>rpl20</i>, and <i>matK</i>) exhibited high sequence variability, suggesting their potential as molecular markers for the identification of species. In addition, three genes (<i>clpP</i>, <i>ycf1</i>, and <i>ycf2</i>) exhibited ka/ks ratios greater than one, which implies positive selection. Intracellular (between chloroplast and mitochondria) gene transfer analysis revealed the integration of six chloroplast-derived genes, and repeat analysis identified 47,980 repeat pairs in the mitochondrial genome, which spans 2.64 Mb. It is likely that these traits add to the structural complexity of the mitochondrial genome. Predictions based on climate show that <i>N. jatamansi</i> may be able to find more ideal habitat over the next 60 years. These results give us a useful genetic resource for studying evolution and set the stage for future research into how the species can be used in medicinal applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}