Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Mucin Increases the Virulence of Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Sofia Razzaq Meo, Adithi Ravikumar, Christophe Noppe, Patrick De Clercq, Tom Defoirdt","doi":"10.3390/biology15191722","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) is an important pathogen of humans and other mammals (such as piglets and calves). Mucin, a glycoprotein that forms the major fraction of the intestinal mucus layer, is a key host substance that ETEC encounters in the host environment. This study investigated whether physiologically relevant concentrations of mucin modulate virulence-related phenotypes in ETEC. Growth of ETEC remained unaffected across mucin concentrations ranging from 50 mg/L to 1000 mg/L. Mucin increased swimming motility in a concentration-dependent manner, with motility doubling at the highest concentrations tested relative to the mucin-free control. Further, mucin also increased biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, with approximately 4.5-fold higher biofilm levels at the highest concentration. Finally, mucin increased the virulence of ETEC in the invertebrate infection model <i>Galleria mellonella</i>, resulting in a 1.5- to 3.3-fold increase in larval mortality caused by mucin-treated ETEC compared with the untreated ETEC group. These findings indicate that ETEC responds to mucin as a host-derived cue, promoting virulence-associated traits linked to colonization and infection. Understanding this host-pathogen interaction may lead to the development of novel control strategies against ETEC, which is an urgent societal challenge in the context of rising antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanide Metabolism in Apple Embryos During Dormancy Breakage Is Modulated by NO or HCN Application.","authors":"Maciej Arkadiusz Piekarniak, Katarzyna Ciacka, Agnieszka Gniazdowska, Urszula Krasuska","doi":"10.3390/biology15191736","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is an N-containing gasotransmitter with a regulatory function in plants and animals. Despite its toxicity, HCN acts as a signalling molecule in plants, influencing development, pathogen defence, and stress responses, with particular emphasis on biotic stress and seed dormancy/germination. Around 3000 species across > 130 families produce HCN from cyanogenic compounds. This study investigated how nitric oxide (NO) and HCN impact the activity of enzymes involved in HCN metabolism during dormancy breakage of apple (<i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh.) embryos. Based on earlier findings that HCN exposure elevates NO emission and alters the phytoglobin-NO cycle, we examined whether NO affects HCN metabolism. We measured the activities of β-glucosidases, β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS), and sulfurtransferases (STRs) (HCN-detoxifying enzymes), and the transcript levels of their corresponding gene homologues. Both NO and HCN stimulated β-glucosidase activity and enhanced β-CAS and STR activities. Although both N-containing gasotransmitters increased β-CAS transcripts, they differentially implicated transcript levels of STR homologues. Additionally, only HCN increased the transcript levels of mitochondrial cysteine synthase (<i>OASTL-C</i>). These results, together with our previous work, potentially link NO and HCN in the metabolic network during dormancy breakage of apple embryos.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological TLR4 Activation Promotes Hepatocyte Proliferation and Liver Repair Through Coordinated IL-6 and TCDCA Signaling.","authors":"Xinlu Yu, Haoxin Ma, Chao Wang, Ke Feng, Pingxin Sun, Jiqianzhu Zhang, Junyu Lu, Hongxia Zhang, Chao Wang, Chunyan Wang, Haiying Zhu, Wenlin Li","doi":"10.3390/biology15191725","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regenerative capacity of the liver is frequently insufficient following severe injury, and effective therapeutic strategies remain limited. Here, we identify CRX-527, a TLR4 agonist, as a novel inducer of hepatocyte proliferation in both healthy mice and a model of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CRX-527-induced proliferative activity was predominantly observed in zone 2. Mechanistically, CRX-527 acts via TLR4 to induce transient IL-6 secretion, which subsequently activates the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, metabolomic profiling identified taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) as a synergistic partner of IL-6 in promoting hepatocyte proliferation. In APAP-injured mice, treatment with CRX-527 alone or in combination with IL-6 and TCDCA significantly reduced hepatic necrosis, accelerated tissue repair, and improved survival. Collectively, our findings uncover a previously unrecognized combined effect between IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling and TCDCA in promoting hepatocyte proliferation and highlight CRX-527 and the IL-6/TCDCA combination as potential regenerative targets that warrant further preclinical evaluation for drug-induced liver injury, particularly in the setting of APAP overdose.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Casein Hydrolysate Peptides Attenuate Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in a D-Galactose-Induced Mouse Model of Aging.","authors":"Mengni Cui, Zheng Xu, Jianbo Cheng, Jikun Zhang, Caihong Hu, Yun Zhang","doi":"10.3390/biology15191741","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging populations worldwide face increasing burdens from physiological deterioration. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins have attracted interest for their biological activities, yet systematic evidence against aging remains limited. Here, we investigated casein hydrolysates in a D-galactose-induced murine aging model. Following eight weeks of oral administration at graded doses, we quantified systemic oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokine profiles, hepatic and cerebral histopathology, and multiple immune competence parameters. Our data demonstrate that casein peptides dose-dependently suppressed lipid peroxidation, elevated endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, and rebalanced cytokine networks toward an anti-inflammatory state. Concurrently, peptide treatment attenuated tissue lesions in both liver and brain, while restoring thymus and spleen indices, normalizing T-cell subset distributions, and recovering serum immunoglobulin levels. These findings indicate that oral administration of the casein hydrolysate peptide preparation was associated with improvements in redox homeostasis, inflammatory status, tissue integrity, and immune function in D-galactose-induced aging mice. This work provides mechanistic insights into casein peptides as a multi-target protective agent against age-associated physiological decline, supporting further exploration of their therapeutic potential in aging biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Environmental Predictors and Their Spatial Heterogeneity for VMS-Derived Fishing Duration in the Argentine Shortfin Squid Fishery Across the Southwest Atlantic Ocean.","authors":"Famou Zhang, Kangbo Li, Ming Gao, Chen Liu, Chenshuai Dong, Chen Li, Shuaiwen Zhang, Heng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/biology15191735","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Argentine shortfin squid (<i>Illex argentinus</i>) fishing grounds in the Southwest Atlantic extend across the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and adjacent high seas, where environmental contrasts may lead to spatial heterogeneity. In this study, Vessel Monitoring System data from December 2020 to June 2025 were used to derive fishing duration as an indicator of fishing-ground use intensity. Conventional and derived environmental variables described vertical temperature and salinity differences, surface gradients, and topography. K-means clustering identified fishing-ground units, while CatBoost, SHapley Additive exPlanations, and accumulated local effects identified major environmental predictors and high-response ranges. No persistent fishing-ground center was identified within the EEZ, whereas the high seas were divided at 44.27° S into northern and southern fishing grounds with persistent centers. Seabed slope, bathymetry, and sea surface temperature were important predictors across the full area and subregions, but their rankings and high-response ranges differed among regions. Under LOSO validation, the full-study-area model yielded R² = 0.083 ± 0.104 and Spearman's ρ = 0.4485 ± 0.0903, indicating limited absolute predictive performance but some relative ranking capability. Modeling the full area as a single unit obscures regional differences in predictor combinations and response ranges. The results demonstrate that region-specific modeling can characterize spatially varying environmental associations and support differentiated management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of Salicyluric Acid with Metal Ions and Ascorbic Acid: Possible Biological and Toxicity Implications in Aspirin Use.","authors":"Viktor A Timoshnikov, Aleksandr A Deriskiba, Vladimir E Koshman, Nikolay E Polyakov, George J Kontoghiorghes","doi":"10.3390/biology15191740","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspirin is one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals, yet its long-term use is associated with some side effects, including iron-deficiency anemia, which has been mainly linked to the iron-chelating properties of its major metabolite, salicyluric acid (SUA). In this study, the chelating and redox properties of SUA in the presence of iron (Fe³⁺), copper (Cu²⁺), and aluminum (Al³⁺), under neutral pH conditions were investigated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Job plot analysis, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The stability constants determined for SUA complexes with Cu²⁺ and Al³⁺ were K = 9.9 × 10⁶ and 1.40 × 10⁴ M^-1, respectively, classifying SUA as a moderate-affinity chelator. No detectable complexes of SUA with Fe²⁺ or Cu⁺ were observed, indicating selectivity of SUA for higher oxidation states. Competition experiments with the chelating drug deferiprone (L1) confirmed the quantitative displacement of SUA from metal coordination spheres. In a Fenton-initiated lipid peroxidation model using linoleic acid micelles, SUA-copper and iron metal complexes accelerated lipid oxidation, demonstrating pro-oxidant activity. However, the combination of SUA and vitamin C resulted in a net decrease in the lipid peroxidation rate compared to the system containing SUA alone, suggesting a complex interplay between chelation and redox modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Body Temperature Monitoring in Infectious Diseases: Pilot Studies in Different <i>Artiodactyla</i> Models.","authors":"Timm Konold, Sarah Wallworth, Christina Roccia, Jenny Jarman, Samirah A Mannan, Pauline M van Diemen, Helen E Everett, Helen Crooke, Amin Asfor, Gareth J Jones","doi":"10.3390/biology15191728","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermal microchips are increasingly used in animals as an alternative to rectal temperature measurements because handling is not required. These pilot studies aimed to determine the usefulness of orally administered thermal microchips in infectious disease studies of <i>artiodactyla</i> species when a temperature increase was expected. Thermal microchips were administered subcutaneously to two groups of seven alpacas infected with influenza C and D virus respectively and three alpacas serving as non-challenged controls and orally to one alpaca in each group. Three sheep exposed to border disease virus and 12 cattle with experimental bovine tuberculosis when subjected to tuberculin skin testing were also given microchips orally. A temperature rise was observed in microchips and rectal temperatures around the same time in one alpaca and one sheep following infection, but was also recorded in orally administered microchips earlier during the night. A temperature rise was detected in all skin test-positive cattle except for one calf with a negative skin test and the least visible granulomatous lesions in the chest. Orally administered thermal microchips are a promising addition to rectal temperatures to determine body temperature changes in real time regardless of the time of day, to study physiological responses to infectious or immunogenic agents and possibly refine humane end-points in experimental studies. Factors to consider are bolus size, battery power and network connectivity to prevent data gaps (seen in alpaca and sheep) or excretion via feces (in sheep).</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome Disruption in Traumatic Brain Injury and Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Zeeshan A Khan, Zara Chowdhury, Riya Modi, Dewan Md Sumsuzzman, Ling-Sha Ju, Rajendra K Labala, Nikolaus Gravenstein, Anatoly E Martynyuk","doi":"10.3390/biology15191730","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized as a systemic disorder that may involve alterations in the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) axis, a bidirectional network linking the brain, immune system, and gut microbiota. While animal studies suggest that disruption and restoration of the BGM axis influence TBI-related changes and recovery, respectively, human evidence remains fragmented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through 2025; Global Health was additionally searched for Aim 2. This study had two aims: (1) to assess gut microbiome changes following TBI and (2) to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation in TBI patients. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses, and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa and Cochrane tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies (Aim 1) and fifteen studies (Aim 2) met the inclusion criteria. TBI was associated with shifts in microbial composition, including reduced abundance of <i>Prevotella</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and <i>Parabacteroides merdae</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.038), whereas overall alpha diversity did not differ significantly. Probiotic supplementation improved neurological outcomes [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): MD = 2.25, 95% CI 1.34-3.16, <i>p</i> < 0.001] and functional outcomes [Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS): MD = 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.69, <i>p</i> < 0.001], and reduced inflammatory markers, including TNF-α (<i>p</i> = 0.006), IL-6 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), procalcitonin (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and D-lactic acid levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001). High heterogeneity was observed across several outcomes, with the GOS showing moderate heterogeneity. Neurocognitive outcomes were evaluated qualitatively and were not pooled in a meta-analysis because of limited available data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this analysis suggest that TBI is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome and that microbiota-targeted therapies involving probiotics may improve inflammatory, gut-barrier, neurological, and functional outcomes. Although substantial heterogeneity was observed across several outcomes, particularly the GCS, the available evidence supports further investigation of microbiome-directed interventions as adjunctive strategies for TBI management. Standardized multicenter trials are warranted.</p><p><strong>Prospero: </strong>CRD420251135998.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root Microbiome Assembly Underpins the Ecological Role of Emergent Macrophytes in a Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetland.","authors":"July Z Florez, Lourdes Varela-Prieto, Ana Zárate, Aracelly Caselles-Osorio, Alejandro Llanos-Lizcano, Pablo Bruna","doi":"10.3390/biology15191739","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constructed wetlands (CWs) depend on plant-microbe associations for pollutant transformation, yet the processes linking macrophyte identity to rhizosphere microbiome assembly remain insufficiently resolved. We compared bacterial communities associated with <i>C. articulatus</i> (<i>Ca</i>) and <i>T. geniculata</i> (<i>Tg</i>) roots with an unplanted treatment (Up) in pilot-scale CWs on the Colombian Caribbean coast. Bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Co-occurrence networks, taxon-environment correlations, and the phylogenetic bin-based null model iCAMP were used to assess community structure, potential associations and assembly mechanisms. <i>CaS</i> supported significantly greater bacterial diversity than <i>TgS</i> and Up, while each macrophyte recruited a distinct community. A shared core microbiome dominated by Rhodocyclaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Chitinophagaceae, Pirellulaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae comprised taxa with putative roles in nutrient and organic matter transformations. Several bacterial families were significantly associated with PO₄^3-, NH₄⁺, and dissolved oxygen. Assembly was predominantly stochastic, with dispersal limitation (45.2%) and ecological drift (33.2%) exceeding deterministic selection (16.5%). Nevertheless, planted treatments displayed higher network modularity and connectivity and inferred functional redundancy than Up, consistent with niche differentiation. These findings suggest that species-specific macrophyte configurations are associated with differences in root-associated microbial community composition, while assembly and network analyses provide exploratory insights into community organization. The limited replication precludes causal attribution to plant identity or conclusions regarding treatment performance. Future studies integrating controlled planting densities, increased replication, meta-omics, and root exudate characterization are needed to clarify plant-microbiome relationships and evaluate their potential relevance to constructed wetland functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles in Neonatology: Have We Found the Magic Bullet?","authors":"Paraskevi Papadogeorgou, Andreas G Tsantes, Serena Valsami, Sotirios P Fortis, Anastasios G Kriebardis, Vasiliki Mougiou, Zoi Iliodromiti, Theodora Boutsikou, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Rozeta Sokou","doi":"10.3390/biology15191734","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology15191734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent nanoparticles released by numerous cell types and exerting distinct biological roles. Extracellular vesicles are enclosed in a lipid layer and contain proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or even mitochondria. The fundamental utility of EVs is intercellular communication, while their implication in various biological processes, such as inflammation and hemostasis, is well-documented. Growing evidence indicates the significant usefulness of EVs as biomarkers in certain prematurity-related diseases, like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Moreover, many in vitro and in vivo studies have been undertaken in order to explore the potential therapeutic impact of EVs in BPD, NEC and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), some of them yielding promising results. The present narrative review aims towards the summarization of the existing data on the application of EVs in diverse neonatal disorders, such as BPD, NEC, ROP, sepsis, multi-organ failure, coagulopathy and brain injury. The widespread investigation of EVs in neonatology and their potential implementation in clinical practice may lead towards a revolutionary approach and management of neonatal diseases, as well as an innovative perception of prematurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}