Biology-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Whole Transcriptome Sequencing and Differential Analysis of Testes in Pre- and Post-Sexual Maturity <i>Bactrian Camels</i> (<i>Camelus bactrianus</i>).","authors":"Xiaokang Chang, Xinkui Yao, Jun Meng, Jianwen Wang, Yaqi Zeng, Linling Li, Wanlu Ren","doi":"10.3390/biology14091254","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testicular development in male animals is a conserved and highly regulated biological process. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development in <i>Junggar Bactrian camels</i> is essential for gaining a deeper understanding of this process in the species. This study selected testicular tissue from the <i>Junggar Bactrian camel</i> at pre-sexual maturity (G3 group, <i>n</i> = 4, 3 years old) and post-sexual maturity (G5 group, <i>n</i> = 4, 5 years old) for whole transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. We identified differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNA), including <i>KPNA2</i> and <i>LRRC46</i>; differentially expressed LncRNA (DELncRNA), including <i>LOC123613926</i> and <i>LOC123613624</i>; and differentially expressed miRNA (DEmiRNA), including <i>eca-miR-196a</i> and <i>eca-miR-183</i>. Additionally, we also identified 87 currently unnamed DEmiRNAs, which are of practical value for future research on the <i>Junggar Bactrian camel</i> testicular development and spermatogenesis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that DERNA are mainly involved in functions and processes such as protein binding (MF), protein import into nucleus (BP), and extracellular space (CC), as well as signaling pathways such as Insulin, FoxO, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt. Subsequently, we predicted some DEmiRNAs and DELncRNAs association with DEmRNAs, and constructed the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. Finally, we randomly selected 10 DERNAs for RT-qPCR validation, and the transcriptome results were consistent with the RT-qPCR results, indicating that the sequencing results were true and reliable. In conclusion, this study analyzed the differential expression of mRNA, LncRNA, and miRNA in <i>Junggar Bactrian camels</i> before and after sexual maturity, providing data references for future studies related to testicular development and spermatogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Restricted Feeding Affects Energy Metabolism in Lactating Striped Hamsters (<i>Cricetulus barabensis</i>, <i>Cricetidae</i>, <i>Rodentia</i>).","authors":"Wenting Li, Xinyuan Dong, Jiachen He, Xiaojie Jin, Binxin Yin, Tingbei Bo, Jing Wen","doi":"10.3390/biology14091261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactation is a critical period in which mothers generally increase food intake and metabolism to meet high energy demands. In the present study, we examined the effect of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on lactating striped hamsters. On the day of litter birth, lactating females were assigned into 3 experimental groups that experienced 24-h ad lib feeding (Con), 12-h daytime feeding (DF), or 12-h nighttime feeding (NF). A group of non-lactating females with 24-h feeding (NL) served as an additional control. Our data show that lactating females had increased food intake, oxygen consumption, and small intestine mass but a decreased level of circulating melatonin, compared to the NL females. However, TRF manipulation significantly reduced the mother's food intake, the pup's body mass, and survival rate. In addition, TRF had some phase-specific (i.e., DF vs. NF) effects on facilitating body mass loss, decreasing <i>CART</i>, <i>AgRP</i>, and <i>POMC</i> gene expression in the hypothalamus, and increasing abundance in <i>Desulfobacterota</i> and <i>Actinobacteriota</i> in the gut microbiota of lactating females. Together, our data illustrate adaptive changes of lactating hamsters under TRF conditions, and highlight the importance of food access and dietary rhythm regulation in maternal and offspring health, development, and reproductive success. These findings not only expand our understanding of lactation biology and ecological feeding strategies but also highlight the significance of regular dietary patterns for lactating individuals, with particular emphasis on shift workers and other populations with irregular daily schedules.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of <i>FOXL2</i> Regulation on Ovarian Function in <i>Chlamys farreri</i> Through Comparative ChIP-Seq and Transcriptome Analysis Using RNA Interference.","authors":"Xiaoling Liu, Han Yun, Yan Xing, Shuo Wang, Xueying Zhou, Jianbai Zhang","doi":"10.3390/biology14091259","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>FOXL2</i> (forkhead box protein L2) is a transcription factor, its function and regulatory mechanism have been mainly studied in mammals; related research on marine invertebrates is still insufficient. It was found that oogenesis was affected, and even a small number of cells resembling spermatogonial morphology appeared in <i>C. farreri</i> ovaries after the <i>FOXL2</i> was knocked down through RNA interference (RNAi) technology in our laboratory previously. Based on previous research, this paper conducted transcriptome sequencing and differential expression analysis on the ovarian tissues between the experimental group (post-RNAi) and the control group (pre-RNAi) of <i>C. farreri</i>, and used recombinant <i>C. farreri FOXL2</i> protein for antibody production in Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP seq) experiments to comprehensively analyze the pathways and key genes regulated by <i>FOXL2</i> during oogenesis. The results showed that in the RNAi experimental group, 389 genes were upregulated, and 1615 genes were downregulated. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the differential genes related to gender or gonadal development are relatively concentrated in physiological processes such as steroid hormone synthesis, spermatogenesis, gonadal development, and ovarian function maintenance, as well as the FoxO and estrogen signaling pathways. Combining transcriptome and ChIP-seq data, it was found that there were some genes related to sex gonadal development among genes which were directly regulated by FOXL2, such as <i>Wnt4</i>, <i>SIRT1</i>, <i>HSD17B8</i>, <i>GABABR1</i>, <i>KRAS</i>, <i>NOTCH1</i>, <i>HSD11B1</i>, <i>cPLA2</i>, <i>ADCY9</i>, <i>IP3R1</i>, <i>PLCB4</i>, and <i>Wnt1</i>. This study lays the foundation for a deeper understanding of the FOXL2's specific regulatory mechanism during oogenesis in scallops as a transcription factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf Nitrogen Allocation Trade-Offs Promote Efficient Utilization of Different Nitrogen Forms in <i>Hemarthria altissima</i>.","authors":"Nan Xu, Xiaowei Wei, Ju Zhang, Mingyue Sun, Jinwei Zhang, Zihao Zhao, Xuechen Yang","doi":"10.3390/biology14091260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sharp increase in atmospheric nitrogen deposition has had profound effects on nitrogen availability and the photosynthetic capacity of terrestrial plants. Consequently, understanding the intricate trade-off between nitrogen sources and their allocation within leaves is essential for unraveling the photosynthetic responses of grassland ecosystems to nitrogen deposition. In a series of field experiments, the effects of different nitrogen forms (ammonium and nitrate nitrogen) on nitrogen assimilation and allocation in the C₄ plant <i>Hemarthria altissima</i> were thoroughly investigated. Towards the end of the growing season, <i>H. altissima</i> was observed to exhibit high photosynthetic efficiency. Ammonium nitrogen treatment notably enhanced photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) by modifying the nitrogen allocation within the leaf's photosynthetic apparatus and leaf area, leading to a significant improvement in photosynthetic efficiency and biomass accumulation. Under ammonium nitrogen treatment, <i>H. altissima</i> directed more nitrogen toward its carboxylation process and other protein-related functions to increase carboxylation efficiency, thereby facilitating the accumulation of photosynthetic products. In contrast, under nitrate nitrogen treatment, the plant balanced growth and light absorption by allocating nitrogen to leaf light-capturing proteins. The application of both ammonium and nitrate nitrogen resulted in increased nitrogen content in the soil, as ammonium nitrogen is converted to nitrate nitrogen through nitrification. The net photosynthetic rate (<i>A_n</i>), nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic components (<i>N_psn</i>), and chlorophyll content per unit area (<i>Chl_area</i>) were all significantly and positively correlated with photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). Notably, under the sole NH₄⁺ treatment, nitrogen allocation to the photosynthetic components increased, which enhanced the NPQ and ETR in <i>H. altissima</i> leaves. These findings suggest that <i>H. altissima</i> preferentially utilizes ammonium nitrogen from the soil, optimizing its PNUE and biomass accumulation through a strategic allocation of nitrogen within its leaves. Further investigation is needed to explore how these nitrogen allocation strategies may vary under different environmental conditions and how they influence ecosystem-level productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucus Secretion as a Defensive Mechanism in the Freshwater Flatworm <i>Stenostomum sphagnetorum</i> Against the Ciliate Predator <i>Coleps hirtus</i>.","authors":"Gabriele Achille, Santosh Kumar, Daizy Bharti, Graziano Guella, Claudio Ortenzi, Federico Buonanno","doi":"10.3390/biology14091253","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the defensive mechanisms employed by the freshwater flatworm <i>Stenostomum sphagnetorum</i> against the predatory ciliate, <i>Coleps hirtus</i>. Focusing on the role of the glandular secretions produced by <i>S. sphagnetorum</i>, the research demonstrates that the flatworm secretes mucus that acts as a barrier, disrupting predator attack. In particular, we show that: (1) <i>S. sphagnetorum</i> specimens artificially deprived of glandular secretions are significantly more susceptible to predation by <i>C. hirtus</i> than untreated specimens; (2) the secretion-deprived organisms consistently exhibit a significantly greater sensitivity to the main toxins employed by <i>C. hirtus</i> for predation, relative to untreated counterparts; (3) the characterization of the glandular secretion indicates that the mucus contains both neutral and acidic glycosaminoglycans, along with protein components, suggesting a complex chemical composition that may contribute to its protective function.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Biological Response of a Head and Neck Carcinoma and a Glioblastoma Cell Line Under Neutron Irradiation with BPA Administration.","authors":"Patricia Álvarez-Rodríguez, Cristina Méndez-Malagón, Maribel Porras-Quesada, María Pedrosa-Rivera, Ulli Köster, Ignacio Porras, Javier Praena, Rocío Estrada, Leonor Pérez-Fuentes, Juan Luis Osorio-Ceballos, Carmen Ruiz-Ruiz, Lucie Sancey, María José Ruiz-Magaña","doi":"10.3390/biology14091252","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>In Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, treatment planning is based on a weighted dose in which dose components are weighted with different biological effectiveness (RBE) factors. The most important one for the tumor dose is the compound dependent biological effectiveness (CBE) factor which weighs the boron dose. This was established for brain tumors from radiobiological experiments and has been extrapolated to the more recent application of BNCT to head and neck cancers. The purpose of this work is to study the validity of this assumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two cell lines, CAL-33 (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) and A172 (Glioblastoma Multiforme), were irradiated with a very pure thermal-equivalent neutron beam after BPA incubation, and the surviving fraction of cells after irradiation was determined by clonogenicity assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Compound Biological Effectiveness of both cell lines is similar, although for head and neck carcinoma, 10% higher values are systematically found. In addition to this, radiobiological coefficients for the different dose components (photon, neutron and boron) of BNCT in both cell lines are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gasdermin-Mediated Pyroptosis in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Implications.","authors":"Kinga Tyczyńska, Piotr K Krajewski, Aleksandra Sójka, Danuta Nowicka-Suszko, Iwona Bednarz-Misa, Mariusz Fleszar, Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka, Jacek C Szepietowski","doi":"10.3390/biology14091258","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating inflammatory skin condition with unclear underlying mechanisms. Recent studies suggest pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death, could significantly contribute to the disease process. This study aimed to investigate the roles of gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME), two key mediators of pyroptosis, in HS pathogenesis. Serum and skin samples from HS patients and healthy individuals were analyzed. Serum gasdermin D levels were significantly elevated in HS patients, although gasdermin E showed no significant difference compared to controls. Skin tissue analysis revealed increased expression of both GSDMD and GSDME in inflamed HS lesions compared to unaffected skin from the same patients and healthy control skin. However, these molecules did not correlate directly with disease severity. Interestingly, systemic metabolic markers showed some associations with gasdermin expression, suggesting potential connections between systemic health and inflammation in HS. These findings confirm a critical role of gasdermins in HS-related inflammation and identify pyroptosis as a promising therapeutic target. Further exploration of these pathways could yield valuable treatment strategies for managing this challenging skin condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution to the Knowledge of <i>Leontodon</i> Sect. <i>Asterothrix</i> (Cass.) Ball in Italy and on the Balkan Peninsula.","authors":"Fabio Conti, Luca Bracchetti, Marco Dorfner, Ramona Schöpf, Nadine Benda, Christoph Oberprieler","doi":"10.3390/biology14091263","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to better understand the <i>Leontodon crispus</i> group within <i>L.</i> sect. <i>Asterothrix</i>, we collected specimens belonging to this group during several journeys to the Apennines and the Balkan Peninsula, especially to Croatia, Albania, and Greece. In the present contribution, <i>Leontodon biscutellifolius</i> is lectotypified; the <i>locus classicus</i> of this taxon is located in the Abruzzo Mts (central Italy). As a consequence, the taxon is confirmed for the Italian flora (central and southern Apennines) and a new combination on variety rank is proposed: <i>L. crispus</i> var. <i>biscutellifolius</i>. Plants from the Balkan Peninsula, currently named <i>L. biscutellifolius</i>, were compared from a morphological point of view with the Apennines populations. Balkan populations show denser indumentum on the leaves, usually consisting of 4-fid hair vs. usually 3-fid hairs in the Apennines. Additionally, the ray number of marginal hairs on the external involucral bracts was found to be 3-5 in the Apennines vs. 4-6 in the Balkan Peninsula accessions. Morphological variation was found to be in correspondence with a variation in genetic respects based on DNA-based fingerprinting (AFLPseq). The oldest subspecific name that can be used for Greek and Albanian populations is <i>L. crispus</i> subsp. <i>asper</i>. A morphologically and genetically deviating population from Southern Pindus (Greece) is described here as <i>L. hellenicus</i> subsp. <i>valeriae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crosstalk Between Intestinal Microbiota and Host Defense Peptides in Fish.","authors":"Xiao-Zheng Yu, Yang Yu, Zi-Yan Liu","doi":"10.3390/biology14091243","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intricate crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and host defense peptides (HDPs) in aquaculture has emerged as a cornerstone for advancing sustainable disease management and reducing reliance on antibiotics. This review synthesizes current insights into the bidirectional interactions shaping aquatic animal health, where HDPs, multifunctional immune molecules, directly neutralize pathogens while selectively modulating intestinal microbial communities to favor beneficial taxa (including <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Cetobacterium, Lactococcus</i>, and so on) and suppress harmful species. Conversely, intestinal microbiota regulate HDP expression through microbial-derived signals, such as lipopolysaccharides and metabolites, which activate host immune pathways like Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to amplify innate defenses. This dynamic interplay underpins critical physiological functions, including nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier integrity, and systemic immune homeostasis, offering a dual mechanism to enhance disease resistance and growth performance. Practical applications, such as HDP-enriched feeds and probiotic-HDP synergies, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing mortality and improving productivity across species like shrimp, salmon, and carp. However, challenges such as HDP instability, species-specific variability in peptide efficacy, and the complexity of microbiota-HDP networks hinder broad implementation. Future research must prioritize innovative strategies, including engineered microbial systems for scalable HDP production, multi-omics approaches to unravel interaction mechanisms, and eco-friendly combinatorial therapies integrating HDPs, probiotics, and plant-derived compounds. By bridging immunology, microbiology, and aquaculture science, this field can transition toward antibiotic-free practices, ensuring ecological sustainability and global food security in the face of rising aquatic disease threats and environmental pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for the Special Issue \"Infectious Diseases: Emerging Diagnostic Methods, Updated Treatment Protocols and New Antimicrobial Agents\".","authors":"Andreas G Tsantes, Rozeta Sokou, Vanessa Bellou, Dimitrios V Papadopoulos","doi":"10.3390/biology14091245","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14091245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious diseases are one of the greatest challenges for global health, with significant socioeconomic implications [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}