Sustainable Production and Consumption最新文献

{"title":"Environmental impacts of drug products: The effect of the selection of production sites in the supply chain","authors":"Amelie Verlinden ,&nbsp;Lieselot Boone ,&nbsp;Wouter De Soete ,&nbsp;Jo Dewulf","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmental impact of drug products is largely determined by activities beyond the direct control of pharmaceutical companies, such as outsourced production of pharmaceutical building blocks. Therefore, this study evaluates the environmental impacts of a prostate cancer drug packaged in one blister (declared unit), thereby analysing the whole value chain to gain insight into 1) the main contributors to the impact of drug product production and 2) the effect of the geographical location of production of solvents and pharmaceuticals. The carbon and resource footprints of the entire life cycle of the drug product are determined, using the IPCC GWP 100 and the Cumulative Exergy Extraction from the Natural Environment methods, respectively. Unlike many other studies, the impacts of building blocks, called intermediate pharmaceutical ingredients (IPIs), are modelled based on primary data, literature and similar processes. The carbon footprint per declared unit equals 34 kg CO₂-eq, of which IPIs and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production account for 96 %. The resource footprint is 647 MJ_ex/declared unit, with IPI and API production accounting for 93 %. The main impact contributors of these processes are solvents and electricity consumption. Four alternative scenarios for IPI and API production are developed to evaluate the geographical influence of different production locations of solvents and pharmaceuticals between Europe and China. European production of solvents and pharmaceuticals appears to have the lowest carbon and resource footprint. In contrast, Chinese production of solvents and pharmaceuticals increases the carbon footprint by 49 %, while the resource footprint increases by only 4 %, although the natural resource consumption shifts from abiotic renewable resources and nuclear energy to fossil fuels. The high contribution of IPI production and the influence of geography of the supply chain highlight the need for accurate data from external suppliers to fairly estimate the environmental footprint of drug products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond greenhouse gases – Comprehensive planetary boundary footprints to measure environmental impact","authors":"Kylie Goodwin ,&nbsp;Mengyu Li ,&nbsp;Thomas Wiedmann","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The planetary boundary framework identifies nine areas of key environmental risk globally. The causes of climate change are well understood as a serious and existential threat; however the other eight areas of concern have a much more limited understanding of what is driving their continued increase.</div><div>This research utilises Global Resource Input Output Assessment (GLORIA) multiregional input-output (MRIO) tables to map 15 footprint indicators across 51 sectors and seven global regions, identifying key sectors driving planetary boundary impacts and suggesting targeted interventions for sustainability.</div><div>The relative role of emission intensity and total expenditure is shown, and potential trade-offs and synergies between sectors and indicators are identified. High-impact footprint clusters are identified as food and textiles, and the built environment, with moderate impacts from the services and energy sectors. These relationships are compared to several transformation agendas, identifying overlooked relationships and drivers, including the predominant role of commercial buildings and infrastructure in built environment impacts and the correlation between greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. The primary driver of plastic use footprints is seen to be the built environment, however as a whole chemical pollution levels remain a significant unknown, and the challenge to globally stop the flow of further dangerous substances and clean up existing contaminated sites is large.</div><div>By providing a detailed breakdown of planetary boundary drivers this work enables decision-makers to understand the risks and issues associated with economic purchases across all critical environmental pathways simultaneously to better prioritise action for a stable planet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 29-44"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual framework for considering animal welfare in sustainability assessments of foods","authors":"Sebastian Richter ,&nbsp;Laura Scherer ,&nbsp;Margaret Hegwood ,&nbsp;Harriet Bartlett ,&nbsp;Leonie N. Bossert ,&nbsp;Anita Frehner ,&nbsp;Christian Schader","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, many studies analyzed the environmental, health and economic implications of the production and consumption of different foods – and, on this basis, evaluated their sustainability. However, associated impacts on animals have remained largely unexamined and existing assessment approaches are still immature and often lack reflection on their normative assumptions and resulting implications. As animal welfare concerns increase, this represents a shortcoming, leaving a critical sustainability issue without due consideration. To address this, we develop a conceptual framework that guides the key decisions for assessing animal welfare impacts of foods. The framework is derived from an integrative literature review and revised following external feedback from expert focus groups. It bridges the research fields of food system modeling, animal welfare science and animal ethics and can guide researchers in developing assessment approaches and assessing animal welfare impacts of foods, from individual food items to whole diets. The framework also directs transparent communication of the most important assessment decisions. We outline key considerations for animal welfare assessments of foods, highlight associated challenges and discuss quality criteria as well as technical and normative strategies to address them. Our contribution provides a basis for future research to integrate animal welfare into sustainability evaluations of food and investigate tradeoffs and synergies with environmental, social or economic issues. Following this framework in future assessments facilitates the integration of animal welfare into food-related policy assessments and public decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 179-209"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The carbon footprint of fruits: A systematic review from a life cycle perspective","authors":"Sandip Subedi ,&nbsp;Benjamin Dent ,&nbsp;Rajendra Adhikari","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The agrifood system's challenge of meeting an ever-increasing demand for food while at the same time minimizing its carbon impact is reflected in increased research on the carbon footprint assessment of agrifood products. Despite fruits representing a significant and expanding proportion of total agrifood production, not only is their whole-of-life carbon footprint inadequately explored, but also the existing knowledge in this area is fragmented and dispersed. To address these issues, this study systematically reviewed 161 peer-reviewed journal articles using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Literature Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework. The review focused on the scope of each study, assessment methods, emission hotspots, and greenhouse gas mitigation strategies, alongside a meta-analysis of 289 carbon footprint values, establishing reference points for fruits' carbon footprint. Findings revealed that existing studies predominantly focused on cradle-to-farm gate spatial boundaries and single-year production data. Process-based life cycle assessment adhering to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040 and 14044 standards was the dominant methodology. The production stage was identified as the greenhouse gas emission hotspot in the majority of studies, however, a meta-analysis of carbon footprint values across the entire fruit life cycle showed that the production stage is a critical but not the sole hotspot. The meta-analysis suggests an average cradle-to-farm gate carbon footprint of 0.503 ± 0.365 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂eq) per kg fruit. Expanding the boundary to cradle-to-retail and cradle-to-grave resulted in mean values of 0.743 ± 0.193 and 1.257 ± 0.886 kg CO₂eq per kg fruit, respectively. Emphasizing the importance of incorporating carbon sequestration in future studies for accurately positioning fruits among agri-food products in terms of their carbon footprint, the study underscores the need for developing a standard protocol for more reliable and comparable estimates. Findings and strategies for reducing emissions contribute to ensuring sustainable fruit production, with both academic and practical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 12-28"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and economic sustainability of additive manufacturing: A systematic literature review","authors":"Hamad Hussain Shah,&nbsp;Claudio Tregambi,&nbsp;Piero Bareschino,&nbsp;Francesco Pepe","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly being adopted in various industries due to its ability to enhance production efficiency and reduce material waste, yet there remains a critical need to explore its sustainability, particularly concerning environmental, economic, and material recycling aspects. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to assess the sustainability of AM across multiple aspects, including environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and its role in advancing circular economy (CE) principles. The findings indicate that AM offers notable environmental benefits, including reductions in material waste and energy consumption, but challenges remain in scaling these advantages globally, particularly regarding the optimization of energy use and the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Economic analysis reveals that AM is cost-effective for small-scale production but less competitive in large-scale operations. The study also highlights that while AM promotes material recycling, its full potential in supporting a CE has yet to be realized. To further advance AM's sustainability, it is recommended to integrate more sustainable materials into AM processes and adopt industry-wide protocols to support global adoption of sustainable AM practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 628-643"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global carbon transition in the passenger transportation sector over 2000–2021","authors":"Haoyan Jing ,&nbsp;Yuke Chen ,&nbsp;Minda Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Feng ,&nbsp;Xiwang Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-emitting and hard-to-abate passenger transport sector plays a crucial role in global deep decarbonization. To lead an equitable and rapid transition in the passenger transportation, this work is the first to develop a bottom-up modeling framework integrated with the latest decomposing structural decomposition methodology to assess and compare historical emission patterns and decarbonization efforts of 28 countries over the past two decades. Results indicate: (1) Carbon emissions from the global passenger transport sector increased between 2000 and 2021, peaking in 2019, with GDP per capita and population size being key drivers of rising carbon emissions across countries. (2) The decarbonization efforts of the global passenger transport sector varied by traffic mode. The largest contributors were passenger buses [−0.46 megatons of carbon dioxide per year (Mt CO₂/yr)], followed by trains (−0.4 Mt CO₂/yr), and airplanes (−0.28 Mt CO₂/yr), while passenger cars (1.04 Mt CO₂/yr) hindered the decarbonization process. (3) Although the global passenger transport sector has cumulatively decarbonized 3005.9 Mt CO₂ and achieved a decarbonization rate of 5.1 %, regional performance varied significantly, exhibiting uneven and inadequate progress. Overall, the study provides an effective data-driven assessment framework for reviewing and comparing global and national passenger transport decarbonization performance, which will facilitate the planning of decarbonization pathways by global emitters and the early achievement of zero-carbon transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 556-571"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of ultra-processed food and animal-plant protein intake ratio to the environmental impact of Belgian diets","authors":"Claire Dénos ,&nbsp;Stefanie Vandevijvere ,&nbsp;Lieselot Boone ,&nbsp;Margot Cooreman-Algoed ,&nbsp;Michiel De Bauw ,&nbsp;Wouter M.J. Achten ,&nbsp;Jo Dewulf","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing concern about the various impacts of food consumption, both on human and planetary health. Given the context-specific nature of consumption patterns, evaluating their national-level impacts is crucial for proactive policy development. This research aims to evaluate the environmental impact of current Belgian diets, with particular attention to the contribution of food groups, ultra-processed foods (UPF), and the animal-to-plant protein ratio. The methodology consists of three key stages. Firstly, the Belgian diet was summarised, based on data from the Belgian National Food Consumption Survey 2014/2015. Secondly, the origin of the most frequently consumed foods was traced using trade databases. Finally, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was conducted to determine the impact of Belgian diets on climate change, water use, land use, and fossil resource scarcity. In this third step, an iterative procedure for selecting the food items to be included in the study was performed. The iterative approach resulted in the inclusion of 227 food items in the analysis. The results indicate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 4.4 [4.27–4.54] kg CO₂-equivalent per person per day. Red meat (35 %), beverages (16 %), dairy products (12 %) and snacks (10 %) are identified as primary contributors to climate change. Similar results were observed for land use impacts. Water use and fossil resource scarcity exhibited different trends, with beverages being the most impactful food group. Moreover, UPF account for 50 % of the total climate change and land use impacts, with a linear relationship observed between increased UPF consumption and GHG emissions and land use. A similar linear trend is observed between the ratio of animal-to-plant protein intake and both climate change and land use impact categories. A shift from the current protein ratio to a ratio of 40/60, as suggested in the Flemish Green Deal Protein Shift has been shown to result in a reduction in GHG emissions of the diet by 29 %. This study emphasises the need to target the consumption of high-impact foods such as UPF and animal-based products. Future research will investigate the relationship between environmental and health impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 584-598"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential water choices: Assessing the willingness to adopt alternative water sources by examining risk perceptions and personal norms in Belgium","authors":"Estefanya Charlotte Vazquez-Casaubon,&nbsp;Veroline Cauberghe","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With escalating freshwater scarcity, transformative shifts in infrastructure, technology, and societal attitudes are essential. This study applies Protection Motivation Theory to explore how perceived water scarcity impacts individuals' willingness to reduce tap water consumption and increase the use of alternative sources in households. An online survey (n = 2623) in Belgium assessed acceptance of tap water, rainwater, and recycled greywater for various household activities. Sequential regression analysis examined the influence of threat appraisal, coping appraisal, personal norms, and socio-demographics on this willingness. The results indicate that willingness to conserve tap water is strongly driven by self-efficacy rather than risk appraisal. Conversely, willingness to use rainwater and recycled greywater depends on perceived future water scarcity, perceived self-efficacy, and personal norms. Perceptions of present water scarcity negatively influenced the willingness to use rainwater and recycled greywater, suggesting a boomerang effect. However, future water scarcity perceptions encourage the use of alternative water sources, providing a nuanced perspective. These findings provide valuable insights into the acceptance of alternative water sources and underline the importance of context-specific approaches, enhancing self-efficacy and personal norms to encourage the adoption of alternative water sources for household activities, ensuring effective freshwater conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 545-555"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global nutrient content embedded in food losses and waste: Identifying the sources and magnitude along the food supply chain","authors":"Manouk Beuving ,&nbsp;Warren C. McNabb ,&nbsp;Nick W. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing food losses and waste (FLW) can contribute to improving nutrient availability to meet the nutritional needs of the global population. Identifying foods that contribute most to nutrient content in FLW is crucial for developing effective strategies to reduce FLW. Here, we assessed the current literature for quality and consistency of FLW data, and then evaluated the quantity of nutrients that are wasted as a consequence of FLW, identifying the primary food sources contributing to this on a global scale. Several FLW definitions and quantification methods were identified in the literature, making it difficult to compare FLW data and estimates of nutrient content in FLW between existing studies. The nutrient content in global FLW was determined for 29 nutrients from 99 food commodities with the DELTA Model®, after which the contribution of each food group to the nutrient content of FLW was calculated. An indicator was developed to assess the potential impact of resolving FLW on global nutrient availability. Nutrient content in FLW was highest for phosphorus (69 % of global requirement), tryptophan (62 %), thiamine (61 %), methionine (58 %) and histidine (54 %). For 17 out of 29 nutrients, &gt;40 % of the global requirement was embedded in FLW. Cereals contributed most to nutrient losses, followed by fruits and vegetables. According to the indicator, rice, wheat, vegetables, maize, and milk provided the greatest opportunity for increasing nutrient supply via reduction of FLW, due to the combination of waste rates and nutrient density. Our findings highlight the importance of broadening FLW research beyond food mass to incorporate nutritional aspects as important indicators, and to identify key food items to reduce FLW for the improvement of nutrient availability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 519-531"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental benefits of valorising food waste into bio-based polyols for the production of polyurethane rigid foams","authors":"Zi-Hao Qin ,&nbsp;Anda Fridrihsone ,&nbsp;Liang Dong ,&nbsp;Jin-Hua Mou ,&nbsp;Yahui Miao ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunbao Xu ,&nbsp;Mikelis Kirpluks ,&nbsp;Carol Sze Ki Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the global pursuit of sustainable development, waste streams are being recognised as renewable feedstocks to produce value-added products. Given this, food waste (FW) was explored to synthesise bio-based polyols to further develop polyurethane rigid foams (PURF). However, relevant environmental aspects are yet to be examined to support this biorefinery scheme as a green and sustainable solution. In this work, we examined the environmental performance associated with the production of PURF using polyols derived from a FW biorefinery scheme by life cycle assessment (LCA). Analysis was first conducted at the polyol level. Different allocation and offset options were examined to configure the LCA model. Based on mass allocation, compared with fossil-based production, the production of FW-derived polyols achieved reductions of 24.30 % and 34.19 % in global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand (CED), respectively. At the midpoint level, FW-derived polyols had reduced impacts on human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, and fossil resource scarcity but caused additional burdens on freshwater and marine ecotoxicity. Key environmental hotspots at this level included diethylene glycol, ion exchange resin (epoxidation catalyst), and hydrogen peroxide. The lipid content in FW also played a significant role. It was demonstrated that reducing the use of enzymes for FW hydrolysis to a cost-effective level remarkably mitigated the overall impacts of FW-derived polyol production. At the next level, we examined the production of FW-derived PURF using the obtained polyols. When 70 % of the polyols were replaced with bio-based products, the resultant PURF production achieved a GWP and CED of 5.67 kg CO_2eq and 110.66 MJ/kg, respectively. In general, FW-derived PURF leads to environmental benefits compared to fossil-based ones. However, isocyanate used for foam formulation was the dominant contributor, causing almost two-thirds of the total impacts. The flame retardant also caused considerable impacts. Through the systematic examination of FW-derived polyols and PURF, this study demonstrated that FW-derived PURF could benefit the sustainable development of FW biorefineries and bio-based plastic industries, while the identified environmental hotspots need to be further studied and replaced with greener substitutes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 572-583"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}