Sustainable Production and Consumption最新文献

{"title":"Is transparency a good business strategy? Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for information about the chemical content of reused and recycled clothing","authors":"Agnieszka D. Hunka ,&nbsp;Aemiro Melkamu Daniel ,&nbsp;Agathe Bour ,&nbsp;Robert H.W. Boyer","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recirculation can play an important role minimizing the environmental impact of the textile industry. However, there exist conflicts between recirculation of resources and regulatory strategies for a non-toxic environment. One pathway to remove restricted substances from recirculation is through labelling strategies that inform consumers about the chemical content of products. To date, research on the influence of information about chemical content on consumers' willingness to pay for retail purchases, particular in the clothing sector, is rather limited. Using discrete choice experiments conducted in Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom with a sample of 1528 adults, we investigated whether access to information about the chemical content of garments influences consumer willingness to pay across new, recycled and reused clothing. Although access to information about restricted chemicals is enshrined as a right-to-know in the European Union's regulations, the study highlights low awareness of this right: &lt;23 % of respondents in all countries have requested such information. Findings show a strong preference for either instant access to chemical information through a QR code or direct access to information printed directly on a product label. Interestingly, the choice of QR code is preferred over printed product labels. At the same time, information provided in the standard 45-day waiting period is no more preferred than no information at all. Meaningfully, consumers in all contexts are willing to pay a premium for rapid access to information for new and recycled options, but there is uncertainty regarding used options. Our results also show that up to 9 % of the respondents choose according to an elimination-by-aspects strategy, meaning they will avoid purchasing clothes without access to information about chemical content. The results strengthen the need for higher transparency and better exchange of information along textile value chains, however they also emphasize the already high uncertainty faced by circular economy enterprises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 128-141"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key governance and sustainability indicators for certification systems: Bridging certification and policy frameworks in the bioeconomy","authors":"José Luis Ares-Sainz ,&nbsp;Ana Arias ,&nbsp;Nikola Matovic ,&nbsp;Luana Ladu ,&nbsp;Gumersindo Feijoo ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European bioeconomy offers a sustainable development model, but its successful implementation requires robust sustainability measures. Ensuring sustainability in bio-based value chains requires clearly defined operational characteristics and indicators that comprehensively address key sustainability and circularity aspects. These indicators must align with the European Union (EU) sustainability framework, policies and directives. This study analyzed existing certification schemes and labels (CSLs), benchmarking monitoring systems, and EU policies to identify key sustainability indicators. A grey literature review further supplemented this analysis. Additionally, an alignment study was conducted to assess how EU policies guide the transition towards a bioeconomy. The research identified the key indicators that CSLs should adopt to effectively support the EU sustainability policy framework. A total of 142 sustainability indicators were proposed across environmental (7 areas), social (5), and economic/circularity (4) pillars, along with 60 operational indicators in governance (4 principles), assurance (5), traceability (4), and standard setting (3). The analysis revealed gaps in CSLs and policies, particularly in the economic and circularity pillars, while environmental and social indicators showed better coverage but still need improvements in areas such as land use, air quality, water depletion and consumer feedback. These findings provide valuable insights for certification bodies, industry stakeholders, and policymakers, offering guidance towards the harmonization of CSLs and their alignment with the European bioeconomy policy framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 156-181"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability assessment of hydrogen production via water electrolysis considering different configurations of solar photovoltaics-battery-grid systems in China","authors":"Xiaoyu Huang,&nbsp;Harish K. Jeswani,&nbsp;Adisa Azapagic","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable or “green” hydrogen has emerged as a promising option to help mitigate climate change. Given China's abundant solar resources, hydrogen produced using solar energy could be a viable pathway for the country but at present its sustainability is unknown. Therefore, this study evaluates the life cycle environmental and economic sustainability of renewable hydrogen production via polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) using solar photovoltaics (PV) as the main source of energy. Three PV system configurations are considered: a standalone PV (SPV), an off-grid PV with battery storage (BPV) and a grid-connected PV (GPV). The findings reveal the superior environmental performance of SPV. For instance, it has the lowest climate change impact of 4.3–6.5 t CO₂ eq./t H₂, representing a 14–30 % reduction on BPV and a substantial 84–90 % decrease relative to GPV. SPV also shows notable reductions (4–78 %) across the other impacts in comparison with BPV. While SPV has higher land use and metal depletion (9–170 %) and similar ecotoxicity impacts to GPV, it achieves significant reductions (16–90 %) in the water, soil and air pollution, fossil depletion, freshwater consumption and non-cancer human toxicity (11 out of 18 categories). However, SPV is the second most expensive configuration, with the life cycle costs of 1581–2412 M$ and levelised costs of hydrogen (LCOH) of 3953–6029 $/t. GPV is the best option for costs (1047–1570 M$ and 2741–4048 $/t), while the costs of BPV are around three times as high (4405–5180 M$ and 11,134–12,951 $/t). Looking ahead to 2050, with prospective changes in the grid composition, GPV offers 18–79 % reductions in the climate change, fossil depletion, water consumption, human toxicity and water, soil and air-pollution related impacts, but increases ionising radiation, land use, metal depletion and ecotoxicity by 2–244 % relative to the current grid mix. Currently, SPV outperforms steam methane reforming in four impacts and coal gasification in nine, including climate change, but has a higher LCOH than both conventional processes (1240–2480 $/t). GPV is currently the only option economically competitive with the conventional routes, but it is suboptimal environmentally compared to SPV. This research provides new insights into the selection of optimal configurations for PEMWE hydrogen production in China across different regions and time horizons and will be of interest to technology developers, investors and policy makers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 221-244"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitioning the silk industry towards circularity: A thematic analysis of sustainable value chain practices","authors":"Rabia Hassan,&nbsp;Federica Acerbi,&nbsp;Sergio Terzi,&nbsp;Paolo Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for natural fibers, including silk, is steadily rising, yet research on transitioning the silk industry from a traditional linear model to a circular economy still needs to grow. This study addresses this gap by outlining areas of interest to support silk companies in applying circular practices to achieve sustainability. To this end, ten semi-structured interviews with silk industry experts were carried out, and a thematic analysis was conducted, integrating findings from the extant literature to enhance the depth and contextualization of the results. Six critical themes emerged: waste utilization, circular approaches, consumer education, technology advancement, traceability and transparency, and governmental regulations. The findings reveal that production waste, such as mulberry branches, silkworm litter, low-grade cocoons, and sericin, can be repurposed into fertilizers, animal feed, cosmetics, and textiles, offering both environmental and economic benefits. Circular practices like designing for product longevity, minimizing chemical usage, reusing silk garments, and promoting recycling are key to achieving resource optimization and waste reduction. Technology advancements, including artificial intelligence and blockchain, enhance efficiency and ensure traceability and transparency, fostering stakeholder trust. Consumer education is also vital for creating awareness regarding sustainable practices. Additionally, government policies play a transformative role by supporting training programs, incentivizing innovation, and driving circularity within the industry. This study proposed a theoretical framework that offers actionable insights to industry practitioners, researchers, and policymakers for embedding circularity throughout the silk industry, contributing to global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly responsible consumption and production. Future research should explore barriers to attaining circularity and use mixed methodologies to accelerate the silk industry's transition to a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 94-111"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidimensional methodological approach to disassembly index calculation: Enhancing product dismountability and sustainability","authors":"Balaji Ravichandran ,&nbsp;Kevin Boissie ,&nbsp;Prasath Madhavan","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of sustainable manufacturing and end-of-life management, efficient disassembly processes and their measurement have become increasingly vital, especially in light of the Circular Economy principles, which emphasize efficient resource management. However, traditional product designs often neglect disassembly considerations, leading to challenges in resource recovery and reuse at the product's end-of-life. To overcome the above challenge, this study introduces the Multidimensional Disassembly Index (MDI), a structured framework to evaluate the disassembly efficiency of a product during its early design phase. The proposed approach systematically analyzes independent variables that directly impact the disassembly process and evaluate the disassembly effectiveness based on these independent variables. Through a case study, the paper demonstrates how the proposed methodology supports design improvements for easy disassembly. Using the MDI approach, the effectiveness of disassembly for remanufacturing and recycling was evaluated in a case study on a retractable ballpoint pen's design. The MDI score for remanufacturing is 9.01, reflecting ease of disassembly, while recycling MDI scored 8.74, highlighting design improvement on plunger accessibility and clicker material compatibility. The study concludes that the MDI is a valuable tool for advancing Design for Disassembly (DfD), enabling the development of products optimized for circular lifecycle strategies at earlier design stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 80-93"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning algorithms for supporting life cycle assessment studies: An analytical review","authors":"Bishwash Neupane ,&nbsp;Farouk Belkadi ,&nbsp;Marco Formentini ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Rozière ,&nbsp;Benoît Hilloulin ,&nbsp;Shoeib Faraji Abdolmaleki ,&nbsp;Michael Mensah","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, industries face increasing pressure to enhance their environmental sustainability scores, particularly in reducing carbon footprints. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools are commonly used to evaluate environmental impacts across organizational levels, enabling predictions for potential improvements. But complexity and diversity of factors influencing these assessments make prediction models difficult to build and validate. Machine learning (ML) techniques present viable solutions to these challenges.</div><div>This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of seventy-eight peer reviewed articles, evaluating the performance of different ML models in Life Cycle Assessments applications. An analytical ranking of these models is provided based on their effectiveness for LCA predictions using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Results indicate that Support Vector Machine (SVM) achieve a score of 0.6412, followed by Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) at 0.5811 and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) at 0.5650, and, positioning them as the most suitable models for LCA studies for prediction application. Random Forest (RF), Decision Trees (DT), and Linear Regression (LR) follow with scores of 0.5353, 0.4776, and 0.4633, respectively, while Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) rank lowest with scores of 0.4336 and 0.2791. Detailed interpretations and implications of these findings are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 37-53"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating planetary boundaries into city systems: Ecosystem services as metrics for safe and just production-consumption space","authors":"Qin Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhou Fang ,&nbsp;Shi Xue ,&nbsp;Changgao Cheng ,&nbsp;Qiuya Zhao ,&nbsp;Ni Geng ,&nbsp;Chenjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Jin ,&nbsp;Hengquan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accelerating urbanization has positioned cities as epicenters of water-energy-food (WEF) demand growth, yet their resource consumption patterns persistently exceed planetary boundaries. Resolving this dual challenge requires fundamentally rethinking cities' capacity to operate within ecological supply limits while ensuring basic human needs. We implement a city-scale adaptation of the doughnut framework, constructing a safe and just space (SJS) assessment model that quantifies ecosystem services (ESs) as linkages between WEF demands and ecological boundaries. Our analysis of 336 Chinese cities reveals spatial disparities: 91 % of cities in China can operate within their SJS for water provisioning, while only 25 % maintain current carbon emissions below ecological ceilings. Additionally, 28 % of cities simultaneously fulfill the SJS requirements for phosphorus purification. Regarding land use, 69 % can operate within the SJS, but most cities are approaching or already at verge of the biophysical boundary. In general, only 13 % of cities can adequately meet social demands within the boundaries of all four ESs. Random forest algorithm further identified social variables (e.g., population) and economic variables (e.g., industrial growth and gross regional domestic product) as dominant drivers of SJS performance. These findings underscore the imperative for adaptive governance that coordinates ES management through the SJS-ESs-WEF nexus, offering actionable pathways to align urban development with ecosystem stability and social justice imperatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 66-79"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing circularity measures: Lifespan and end-of-life modelling influence on the environmental impact of the EU residential building stock","authors":"G. Pristerà ,&nbsp;E. Sanyé-Mengual ,&nbsp;P. Wierzgala ,&nbsp;S. Sala","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reduction of the environmental impacts of the building sector, either through a decrease in its operational energy consumption or the promotion of circular practices, is the target of multiple EU policy initiatives. While different modelling approaches have been proposed to quantify the environmental impacts of the EU building stock, limited knowledge is available on the sensitivity of these models to key parameters associated with circular economy measures. To fill this gap, this study aims at testing lifespan and end-of-life modelling choices to gain an improved understanding of their effect on the quantification of the environmental impacts of the EU residential sector, using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-based building stock model developed by the European Commission – Joint Research Centre (JRC) as the reference model. Several options were explored in relation to parameters affecting the service lives of buildings and their components, along with their end-of-life pathways. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to evaluate the model's robustness when subjected to parameter changes derived from the literature. It emerged that, due to the prominent role played by the operational energy phase, environmental impact results at the stock level were not significantly affected by parameter changes, with the exception of the particulate matter impact category, which achieved &gt;10% variations when simultaneously testing shorter finishing material service lives and lower incineration and recycling rates. Shifting the focus to embodied impacts, however, led to increased sensitivity in the model, with oscillations due to service life length overshadowing those connected to end-of-life treatment changes: in terms of single weighted score, the former can achieve a building-level variation of over 100% (when assuming short lifespans), while the latter does not exceed 38% (when maximising incineration rates). It is therefore necessary to take these fluctuations into account when using this LCA-based model as a basis for verifying the potential benefits of measures to promote circularity within the building sector, particularly as said measures primarily target embodied impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 207-220"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of a mitigation measure portfolio to directing Chinese crop-livestock production system towards net-zero emissions","authors":"Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Wufei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahao Xing ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Helmut Yabar ,&nbsp;Junnian Song","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculture contributes over 50% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within the food system and plays a key role in reaching the climate target. How and to what extent agriculture can reduce GHG emissions, and whether it can achieve net-zero emissions, remain to be further uncovered. Applying a life cycle and scenario analysis approach with the functional units defined as unit crop cultivated area and one head of livestock, we assess the residual emissions of the integrated crop-livestock production system in China after implementing a portfolio of mitigation measures. The results show that the life cycle net GHG emissions in the integrated system is 1142.19 Million tons (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂-eq). In scenario 3, the combined measures targeting straw utilization achieve the greatest reduction of 270.42 Mt CO₂-eq, followed by measures implemented for manure management at 206.30 Mt CO₂-eq. The net residual emissions significantly drop to 241.35 Mt CO₂-eq, resulting from the net negative emissions achieved through bioenergy production with CO₂ capture (−398.30 Mt CO₂-eq), alongside emissions from energy and material production, and energy use (297.17 Mt CO₂-eq), as well as hard-to-abate direct emissions (342.47 Mt CO₂-eq) from enteric fermentation, manure management, and rice cultivation. Achieving further emission reductions, even net-zero and negative emissions in Chinese crop-livestock production system will strongly depend on transitioning to low-carbon energy system and expanding agricultural waste-to-energy utilization combined with CO₂ capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 112-127"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic and environmental assessment of closed-loop photovoltaic recycling in China","authors":"Qinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Beijia Huang ,&nbsp;Yuyue Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangjin Wang ,&nbsp;Yuqiong Long ,&nbsp;Yi Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.02.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Faced with the large-scale disposal of waste photovoltaic (PV) modules, identifying sustainable recycling pathways in terms of both environmental and economic performance is crucial. Utilizing life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis, we compared three recovery scenarios—full recovery (R1), aluminum frame and glass recovery (R2), and aluminum frame recovery (R3)—with landfilling, based on closed-loop recycling practices in China. The results show that glass recovery is a key contributor to environmental benefits, while silver recovery is the most profitable, followed by glass, aluminum, silicon, and copper recovery. From an economic perspective, R1 performs the best, yielding the highest Return on Investment (ROI) at 52.17 %, achieved by recovering all components. R2 is ideal for small startups, with a 39.53 % ROI and an initial investment 47.1 % lower than that of R1. In terms of environmental impact, R1 and R2 exhibit normalized benefits of 2.98 and 2.73, respectively, within the closed-loop recycling system. R1 stands out by reducing toxic impacts by 35 %, though it faces water eutrophication. In contrast, R3 underperforms, with landfilling of residues leading to poor environmental and economic outcomes, including a − 31.00 % ROI and an additional normalized impact of 0.55. Considering the variety of recycling scales in the industry, this study provides policy recommendations for enhancing the sustainability of the PV sector. Recyclers may adopt R2 in the early stages of PV recycling to recover aluminum frames and glass, while different PV recycling enterprises are expected to collaborate in an upstream-downstream model in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}