Sustainable Production and Consumption最新文献

{"title":"Beyond the life cycle: assessing business models for the circular economy through life-cycle-based methodologies","authors":"Emilia Filippi,&nbsp;Monia Niero,&nbsp;Filippo Corsini,&nbsp;Marco Frey","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is widely used in the literature to quantify the impact of products designed according to circularity principles, the analysis of circular business models (CBMs) remains a niche topic. In recent years, some empirical studies have highlighted the urgency of addressing this issue; however, the literature remains fragmented, and a more structured approach is needed for further progress.</div><div>This paper aims to fill this gap through a systematic literature review of 60 studies that combine LCA and life-cycle-based (LC-based) methodologies with other methods to assess the environmental sustainability of CBMs. The findings reveal that most studies rely on conventional LCA, which is frequently combined with Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and other qualitative or quantitative methods. There is also growing interest in hybrid and emerging approaches such as Business Model LCA (BM-LCA). LC-based methodologies are often used to compare the environmental impacts of linear business models (BM) and CBMs or to guide the transition from linear BMs toward the design of new CBMs. Particular emphasis is also placed on adopting CBMs such as product service systems, CBMs that extend product lifespan or industrial symbiosis, rather than CBMs focused on using circular materials. A comprehensive coverage across a wide range of sectors emerges.</div><div>The study's implications are significant for both researchers and managers. For researchers, the review highlights the need for standardisation efforts to refine tools for assessing CBMs. For managers, the review offers an 8-step operational framework to conduct LC-based analyses for CBM implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 18-35"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing sustainability transformations in agriculture: An agent-based life cycle assessment for supporting policymaking","authors":"Raül López i Losada ,&nbsp;Cecilia Larsson ,&nbsp;Mark V. Brady ,&nbsp;Fredrik Wilhelmsson ,&nbsp;Katarina Hedlund","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Green Deal (EGD) aims for agriculture to contribute positively to climate change mitigation and nature preservation while meeting growing societal needs for food, energy, and biomaterials. Delivering comprehensive policy action efficiently requires decision-support tools to assess the outcomes of interventions across multiple, and potentially conflicting, goals. By means of agent-based (territorial) life cycle assessment, we evaluate the effect of removing coupled cattle support and pricing greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural products in two regions in Southern Sweden as representative cases for intensive and extensive agriculture in the EU. Regional production features influenced policy outcomes by affecting the profitability of possible production activities, and thereby the economic viability of alternatives to cattle. Production changes abroad were critical for the environmental lifecycle performance of the evaluated policy reforms, given the relatively low environmental impacts of Swedish production compared to global averages. Our ex-ante approach offers decision support by discerning the implications of policy interventions on the regional structure of production and subsequent effects on the environment, considering both regional and global aspects of the EGD objectives for agriculture. Ultimately, we hope our analysis can facilitate policymaking to speed the transition of agriculture towards EGD objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 96-110"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supply chain management in response to climate change: A system dynamics approach","authors":"Ryleen Balawanth ,&nbsp;Thayla Zomer ,&nbsp;Paulo Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Paulo Savaget","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As companies intensify efforts to decarbonize their supply chains to mitigate climate-related risks, their responses often remain fragmented and uncoordinated, limiting overall effectiveness and missing opportunities for synergy. This study analyzes disclosures from 1095 European firms reported to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) to examine these varied responses. Using qualitative thematic coding, we identified six macro-themes, each representing a distinct causal-effect pathway that companies adopt in their decarbonization efforts: (i) diagnosing climate-related risks, (ii) collaborating within the supply chain to reduce emissions, (iii) adopting energy-efficient practices, (iv) implementing sustainable practices that minimize waste, (v) fostering enablers of sustainable behavior, and (vi) redesigning supply chain networks. These pathways highlight the strategies companies use to address climate risks within their supply chains. Adopting a systems dynamics perspective, we map the feedback processes governing these decarbonization strategies, illustrating how different pathways interact and generate either beneficial or detrimental outcomes. The findings contribute to the field of sustainable supply chain management by elucidating the dynamic interplay between various climate risk response strategies, their impact on supply networks, and their ultimate influence on climate risk performance. Specifically, we demonstrate the iterative nature of diagnostic efforts and associated responses, and how collaboration can drive a continuous cycle of innovation that integrates incremental and transformative efforts. The causal loop diagrams developed in this study provide managers and policymakers tools to anticipate the outcomes of their supply chain strategies, enabling better-informed decisions that align with sustainability objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 36-51"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of water-carbon spatiotemporal linkages and potential carbon neutrality benefits in China at the regional-industrial composite scale based on virtual water trade","authors":"Yaowen Xu ,&nbsp;Shize Xia ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuyang Li ,&nbsp;Mo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interregional grain trade system fosters a complex water‑carbon coupled network, which exacerbates spatial disparities in both water allocation and carbon transfer. Previous studies focused on the virtual water trade's role in food security and agricultural water use but overlooked inter-industry “water–carbon” transfer mechanisms. This study pioneers two innovative metrics: Virtual water flow spillover efficiency and potential carbon neutrality benefit, thereby expanding the analytical perspective to unravel the interregional water‑carbon flow mechanisms within regions. This study constructs a spatiotemporal analytical framework for China's grain-related virtual water‑carbon flows at a regional-industrial nexus scale by integrating social equity principles with an optimized minimum cost maximum flow algorithm. And establishes a synergistic optimization methodology for “regional carbon reduction - water use efficiency enhancement”, enabling precise identification of dual optimization pathways for resource-environment systems. Results reveal that China's virtual water flow for rice, wheat, and corn increased by 18.2 %, and virtual carbon flow increased by 18.3 % totally. The northeast emerged as a major virtual water exporter, while coastal provinces shifted toward net import status, exacerbating regional water disparities. This study illuminates the substantial carbon benefits arising from intra-industrial resource restructuring triggered by regional grain trade. These benefits far surpass previous estimates derived solely from interregional carbon emission reductions, thereby challenging the conventional accounting framework for its systemic underestimation of grain trade's carbon mitigation potential. Critical pathways, notably Hebei-Tianjin and Shanxi-Guangdong, were identified as dual resource-environment optima. These pathways facilitate water‑carbon constructive collaboration within large-scale agricultural trade systems, thereby providing actionable strategies for sustainable food-water‑carbon nexus management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating planetary boundaries into safe and sustainable by design framework: A systematic literature review","authors":"Zien Hussein ,&nbsp;Enrico Benetto ,&nbsp;Michael Saidani","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paradigm shift in understanding Earth system limits and the definition of a safe operating space has underscored the need for absolute environmental sustainability. While the European Commission's Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) framework sets a direction for sustainability-oriented innovation, it currently lacks operational guidance on implementing planetary boundaries (PBs) at the design level. This systematic literature review assesses the state of Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment (AESA) methods for defining PB thresholds and evaluates their applicability within SSbD contexts. The findings reveal that although progress has been made in linking Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with PBs, current applications remain commonly at the meso-scale, and disconnected from low-TRL technologies and material/component-level decision-making. Key gaps persist in carrying capacity allocation, operationalization of underrepresented boundaries such as novel entities, and prospective modeling. To bridge these gaps, the study identifies four integration requirements: (1) embedding PBs from the earliest TRL stages, (2) aligning assessments with systemic design logic and developing performance-based allocation methods, (3) developing a composite carrying capacity indicator as an intermediate functional unit, and (4) incorporating scenario-based and temporal modeling to reflect the dynamic context of technology emergence. Together, these requirements lay the foundation for a structured, forward-oriented workflow to support actionable PB integration into SSbD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 64-77"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking policy coherence: A network analysis of the EU policy mix for the circular economy","authors":"Vasileios Rizos ,&nbsp;Valeria Zambianchi","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Policy coherence is a sought-after characteristic in cross-sectoral sustainability transformations. Despite the wealth of research on policy mixes and the urgent need to advance environmental sustainability in production and consumption cycles, only a limited number of studies empirically examine policy coherence in practice within policy mixes for the circular economy. To address this gap, our paper unpacks the EU's circular economy policy mix as a system of linked policies whose policy coherence is experienced by actors in the circular economy space, specifically in the electronics and ICT, batteries, automotive and critical raw materials sectors. The circular economy is an important area for studying policy coherence because it has been subject to a significant increase in policy adoption, all while the mainstreaming of circular economy practices remains insufficient at the EU level. Combining a top-down and bottom-up approach to populate the policy mix, we use network analysis to assess the synergies and conflicts among the policies in the mix through the surveyed experiences of 36 business actors. We find that on average the EU's circular economy policy mix exhibits a medium-to-high average degree of coherence. At the same time, however, our results show that the coherence between policies is not uniform within the mix as there is a diverse degree of coherence among its policies. Looking closely into inter-policy coherence reveals several cases of medium-to-low coherence. Moreover, our results indicate that the EU's policy mix for the circular economy lacks clusters of policies, which reduces the resilience of the policy mix to external shocks. We conclude that more emphasis should be given to aligning the objectives of EU circular economy, industrial and climate policies, and to providing a coherent set of requirements for EU businesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 52-63"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peaking in pieces? Decoding the carbon peak dynamics of Chinese cities","authors":"He Huang ,&nbsp;Jinlei Ma ,&nbsp;Hongyu Liu ,&nbsp;Jingke Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the diverse carbon peaking pathways of different cities are critically important for achieving China's dual carbon goals. To address data limitations, this study introduces a novel Data Alignment Technique to compile the most comprehensive historical carbon emission dataset of 329 Chinese cities from 1992 to 2023. The dynamics of carbon peak—including trajectories, timelines, and driving factors are systematically analysed by integrating machine learning techniques and econometrics models. The findings include: (1) The carbon peaking process at the city level in China was fragmented and asynchronous, as evidenced by the distribution of 213 Non-Peak Cities (64.74 %), 84 Pre-Peak Cities (25.53 %), and 32 Post-Peak Cities (9.73 %). (2) Peak Cities have formed nine distinct carbon peak clusters across the country, primarily driven by the spillover effects of technological innovation and regulatory policies. (3) Emissions in Peak Cities were reduced in stages: first, by energy structure optimization (1995–1999), thereafter, by technological innovation (2005–2019), and recently, by policy regulation and industrial restructuring (2020−2022). (4) The marginal effects of green technology, policy regulation and industrial structure adjustment on carbon exhibited the greatest variability among Non-Peak Cities, with only half of them achieving emission reduction benefits from these measures. These findings underscore the urgent need for coordinated, yet differentiated, climate efforts, particularly to facilitate technological diffusion and enhance policy synergy within the city agglomerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 359-374"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sustainability scale-up framework: A tool to design scale-up strategies for sustainable businesses","authors":"Anshuman Panigrahi,&nbsp;Shahrokh Nikou,&nbsp;Giulia Calabretta","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable Business Model (SBM) is a strategic approach that integrates sustainability into the core operations and values of organisations. However, scaling SBMs remains a significant challenge due to resource constraints, operational inefficiencies, and stakeholder complexities, emphasising the need for structured frameworks to facilitate this process. This paper introduces the Sustainability Scale-Up Framework (SSF), a comprehensive tool explicitly developed through a design approach to help businesses scale their operations while maintaining alignment with environmental, social, and economic sustainability principles. The SSF was developed iteratively through an extensive literature review, and semi-structured interviews with experts and practitioners of sustainable startups. The SSF's layered structure systematically addresses value creation, operational scalability, stakeholder engagement, and strategic alignment, uniquely integrating value tensions across economic, social, and environmental dimensions to guide the scaling of SBMs. The SSF was validated through a business case workshop where its practical utility based on parameters like usability, flexibility, coherence, and applicability were examined. This paper contributes to SBM, scalability, and strategic design literature by offering insights through a vision-driven framework, providing a novel methodological approach to integrate strategic design principles into scaling processes, and delivering practical tools for businesses, and policymakers to foster sustainable growth for achieving transformative impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 375-392"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics and uncertainty in life cycle assessment of agricultural systems","authors":"Awais Mahmood ,&nbsp;Hafiz Usman Ghani ,&nbsp;Ilkka Leinonen ,&nbsp;Shabbir H. Gheewala","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ISO 14067:2018 mandates accounting for land use and land use change (LULUC) impacts on global warming impact due to carbon stock changes in living biomass, litter, dead organic matter, and soil organic carbon (SOC). Furthermore, the SOC changes are particularly relevant for cropland-based products. Despite methodological advancements, there is still no universally agreed-upon approach on how to evaluate LULUC-related global warming impact within Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), highlighting the need for a standardized approach. This study presents a comprehensive method for assessing SOC dynamics due to land use in LCA, incorporating uncertainties associated with model-based estimations. Using the Tier-2 IPCC Steady State Soil Carbon model, the study analyzed SOC changes in sugarcane cultivation on mineral soils in Thailand. The study examined the effects of land use history across different study periods (T-20, T-50, and T-100 years), as well as the impact of land management practices (full-, reduced-, and no-tillage) and residue management strategies (100 % burnt, 100 % retained, and mixed) on SOC change. While the model study period considerably influenced the initial SOC stocks, the variations in soil organic carbon stock change due to study periods, land management, and residue management practices were statistically not significant. However, the model-associated uncertainties were found to be substantial. The distribution fit assessment revealed that CO₂ emission/removal related flow follows a normal distribution [X ~ N (μ, σ²)]. Our findings highlighted the importance of incorporating ∆SOC into carbon footprint calculations to accurately capture the carbon sequestration potential of soils, which can significantly offset emissions. Neglecting SOC dynamics may lead to an overestimation of CO₂ emissions and an incomplete assessment of net carbon impact. Therefore, given the significant variations observed in global warming impact, integrating SOC considerations into LCAs is essential for improving the precision of environmental evaluations of agriculture-based products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 393-407"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking BECCS viability through monetizing societal benefits by techno-socio-economic assessment","authors":"Alberto Almena ,&nbsp;Vahid Ghorbani Pashakolaie ,&nbsp;Mariano Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is considered a key technology for achieving the net-zero emissions target by simultaneously delivering net-negative emissions and usable energy. However, large-scale deployment remains limited due to its poor investment attractiveness. Traditional Techno-Economic Assessments (TEA), even when accounting for carbon credits revenue, show that BECCS systems are not financially competitive with conventional or renewable energy sources. This study introduces a Techno-Socio-Economic Assessment (TSEA) framework that integrates overlooked societal benefits, such as indirect emission displacement and job creation, by monetising them through the social cost of carbon (SC) and the opportunity cost of labour. A case study evaluates a wheat-straw-fuelled combined heat and power BECCS facility operating under three strategies: electricity and heat cogeneration, carbon credit maximization, and electricity maximization. Conventional TEA results show negative profitability (NPV = −$460 million) and reveal that carbon credit prices must exceed $240/tCO₂ for the levelized cost of electricity to reach parity with renewable energies. Under the TSEA framework, all configurations become profitable with the electricity-maximizing mode reaching an NPV of $2.28 billion. Sensitivity analysis highlights profitability's strong dependence on the assumed social cost of carbon, underscoring the uncertainty and policy sensitivity of BECCS economics. These findings underscore the need to recognize and monetise BECCS's full societal value. Future policies must determine who bears the cost of carbon damages and must establish mechanisms to ensure stakeholders are fairly compensated for the broader social benefits delivered by BECCS, thus fostering investment and enabling real-world deployment of this essential technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 255-273"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}