Sustainable Production and Consumption最新文献

{"title":"Life cycle sustainability assessment of staple food processing: A double and dynamic materiality approach","authors":"Mwewa Chikonkolo Mwape ,&nbsp;Aditya Parmar ,&nbsp;Franz Roman ,&nbsp;Naushad M. Emmambux ,&nbsp;Yaovi Ouézou Azouma ,&nbsp;Oliver Hensel","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, 70 % of people are fed through peasant food systems that are responsible for growing 50 % of the world's food calories on 30 % of the land. In the global south, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, small-scale farming serves as a crucial lifeline for the food and income needs of local populations. Yet, it remains underfunded and under-researched in the context of sustainable development. Even if the traditional Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment offers a holistic approach to evaluating the impacts of staple food processing across environmental, economic, and social dimensions, its inability to track dynamic materiality limits its application in evaluating future impacts. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework for staple food processing, using cassava to produce gari, a staple food for more than 300 million West Africans, as a case study. This framework integrates Material and Energy Flow Analysis techniques to trace resource use and emissions. The research incorporated Environmental, Social and Governance pillars; double materiality, evaluating both the direct and indirect impacts of processing activities, alongside dynamic materiality to capture evolving environmental, financial, and social factors through scenarios. Python computational modeling was used to perform these complex analyses, ensuring accuracy and adaptability. The findings highlight significant energy inefficiencies (6.67 kWh kg^-1) coupled with a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 9.02 kgCO₂eq kg^-1 and production costs of $0.56 kg^-1. The most significant opportunities for improvement were identified in optimizing energy consumption and transforming waste into biogas. The dynamic model revealed that integrating renewable energy sources could substantially reduce environmental impacts and increase the Net Profit Margin from 34.43 to 52.52 %, as proposed in the energy transition from woodfuel and gasoline to a Hybrid Solar and Biogas energy system. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment by applying a comprehensive framework to staple food processing. The findings offer valuable insights into the environmental, social, and economic trade-offs in food processing systems, providing practical recommendations for improving sustainability throughout the food supply chain. Extended studies using these methods on other staples are highly recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 343-363"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reusable food primary packaging in retail supply chain: A multi-objective optimization framework","authors":"Riccardo Accorsi ,&nbsp;Giorgia Bartolotti ,&nbsp;Beatrice Guidani ,&nbsp;Riccardo Manzini ,&nbsp;Michele Ronzoni","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable and equitable raw material utilization underscores the potential of reusable packaging as an effective solution. The food retail sector, a significant contributor to packaging waste, faces a clear need for comprehensive decision support systems to manage the complexities of reusable packaging circular networks. Managing these networks requires balancing environmental efficiency with economic viability, considering enabling conditions like consumer return attitude, packaging design properties (weight, size, and stackability), and players' logistic proximity. This paper presents a multi-stage and multi-objective optimization framework designed to select optimal product-package combinations and establish a circular network that encourages the adoption of reusable food packaging in retail. The framework is applied to a significant real-world application consisting of two nationwide retailers in France. The findings confirm that high return rates (&gt;60–70 %) are essential for the viability of the circular system whilst ensuring low scrap rates (&lt;15 %) tip the balance for environmental benefits. Lightweight and stackable packaging solutions enhance resilience in systems with uncertain return and scrap rates. Packaging properties must be evaluated alongside logistics network configuration, as packaging selection is tied to production sites, shaping network adaptability. We introduce a new metric that evaluates packaging and network suitability by assessing packaging weight and transportation distances. A lower value indicates improved resilience and supports the long-term viability of the system. The results emphasize the role of Reusable Vending Machines (RVMs) in reducing environmental burdens, as a higher number of installations leads to greater impact reductions. However, RVM costs account for 70–87 % of differential expenses, depending on deployment scale and budget constraints. To address this, we propose a RVM allocation strategy that optimizes distribution while balancing economic and environmental trade-offs. This multi-objective optimization framework provides valuable insights for policymakers and businesses striving to scale reusable food packaging initiatives effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 364-384"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a framework for effective accounting GHG emissions from international shipping for sustainable marine fuel and onboard carbon capture: Case study of methanol","authors":"Seungman Ha ,&nbsp;Chybyung Park ,&nbsp;Hayoung Jang ,&nbsp;Byongug Jeong ,&nbsp;Insik Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel framework for accurately accounting for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the international shipping sector, with a specific focus on sustainable marine fuel and onboard carbon capture systems (OCCS), using methanol as a case study. The framework proposes the integration of a carbon source factor and a carbon fate factor to effectively measure and report GHG emissions from shipping activities. By examining methanol as sustainable marine fuel, alongside the implementation of OCCS, this research aims to demonstrate the significant potential for reducing life cycle GHG emissions. When OCCS was applied to 49 case ships, not only were Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) ratings D or E removed, but the proportion of ships rated A or B was confirmed to increase noticeably from 10 % to 41 %. The findings highlight the critical role of renewable feedstocks and effective carbon management strategies in decarbonizing the shipping industry. The proposed framework offers valuable insights for ship owners, industry regulators, and policymakers, guiding the transition towards sustainable shipping practices and contributing to the global efforts against climate change. This study underscores the importance of developing clear guidelines and standards for GHG emissions accounting in shipping, ensuring consistent and transparent reporting to facilitate effective policy formulation and regulatory compliance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Environmentally-Extended Input-Output analysis of province-level carbon emissions from energy use in China's food system","authors":"Ziqian Song ,&nbsp;Yumei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Kevin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the province-level carbon emissions from energy use in China's food system including direct and indirect emissions in both pre- and post-agricultural production using Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (EEIO) analysis. It also analyzes the determinants of emission intensity in China's food system using a panel regression model. The results show that there was a large spatial variation in energy-related carbon emissions, intensity, and per capita emissions in China's food system among provinces, due to socioeconomic factors and agricultural endowments. Shandong, Sichuan, Hubei, and Heilongjiang were consistently ranked as the largest provinces of carbon emissions from energy use in the food system. On the contrary, provinces including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hainan, Ningxia, and Qinghai produced significantly lower emissions. Additionally, fossil fuels were still the major energy sources of energy-related emissions in China's food system for most provinces. For factors affecting the emission intensity, most of them exhibited disparate effects on the emission intensity in different regions and on the national level. For instance, the expansion of agricultural land per capita increased emission intensity in eastern and central China but decreased in western China. The expansion of irrigation areas raised the emission intensity in eastern China while decreasing in central China. The study concludes that there has been significant progress in the emission reduction of China's food system with most provinces seeing a decline in energy-related emissions, intensity, and per capita emissions. Moreover, incorporating various socioeconomic and agricultural factors at the provincial level, it is necessary to optimize regional policies to effectively address the various demands for reducing carbon emissions within the food system, while fostering regional collaboration and complying with national directives. Also, a transition from traditional fossil fuel use along the agricultural supply chain to renewable energy is urgent for low-carbon food system transformation in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 396-407"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicating the environmental impacts of individual actions in the context of Planetary Boundaries","authors":"Teddy Serrano ,&nbsp;Samir Meramo ,&nbsp;Anders Bjørn ,&nbsp;Michael Hauschild ,&nbsp;Sumesh Sukumara ,&nbsp;Morten O.A. Sommer","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human activities, driven by high consumption and rapid development, are pushing environmental degradation beyond the planet's carrying capacities. Changing consumption patterns is a key lever to reduce these environmental pressures to sustainable levels, and this can be quantified using life-cycle assessment (LCA). However, there are misconceptions about the effectiveness of specific actions, and LCA results are typically not contextualized by comparison to environmental carrying capacities, making it difficult to distinguish between “better for the environment” and “good enough for the environment”. This study seeks to address this gap by communicating environmental impacts of lifestyle choices on an absolute scale, using relatable frameworks like that of the Planetary Boundaries. It estimates the footprint of an average person's lifestyle, as well as the impacts of 23 common daily activities, and compares these impacts to an individual's carrying capacity budget for 6 impact categories. Applied to Denmark, the results reveal a significant overshoot of personal environmental budgets across all categories, except for water use, with some activities alone surpassing the full personal budget for impact categories like climate change and resource use. For those major contributing activities, alternative ways of fulfilling them can help realign lifestyles with environmental budgets. Other activities – despite usually perceived as highly impactful – are actually found insignificant. Overall, bringing environmental impacts to sustainable levels through individual actions alone are insufficient to bring environmental impacts to sustainable levels, particularly with the current available technologies. This calls for the need for systemic changes that prioritize sustainable technologies and the adoption of sufficiency-focused lifestyles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 420-430"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and ENvironmental Impact Assessment for Sustainability (EENIAS): An innovative method to support design for remanufacturing and remanufacturability evaluation","authors":"Aineias Karkasinas ,&nbsp;Athanasios Rentizelas ,&nbsp;Jonathan Corney","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant effort has recently been directed towards promoting remanufacturing as a circular and sustainable approach to production. However, current methods for supporting design for remanufacturing and remanufacturability evaluation often lack integration and practical applicability, failing to address the complex trade-offs and interdependencies inherent in remanufacturing processes. To this purpose, this study addresses the need for methods to evaluate the feasibility of product remanufacturing through proposing a novel integrated method named Economic and ENvironmental Impact Assessment for Sustainability (EENIAS), enabling the assessment of remanufacturability for existing products or those in the detail design stage, by analysing diverse remanufacturing scenarios to quantify their economic and environmental impact. The method is demonstrated and validated through two case studies from different industries: an electrical lighting product and an accumulator used in the oil and gas sector, highlighting its applicability. The results quantify how key remanufacturing scenarios are performing economically and environmentally, offering insights into the products' remanufacturability and the design strengths for applying a Circular Business Model (CBM) based on remanufacturing. The luminaire demonstrated strong potential for remanufacturing, with 23 out of 31 remanufacturing scenarios showing significant financial and/or environmental benefits. In the accumulator case, the analysis revealed the dominance of the accumulator's shell as a significant environmental impact driver, though its financial impact was not equally significant. Consequently, the application of EENIAS provided the critical insight that substantial environmental gains could be achieved if the company designs the product in such a way that the shell does not require replacement after the usage stage. The EENIAS approach supports decisions for remanufacturing and sustainable product design practices, such as Design for Remanufacturing, by providing a detailed assessment of the products' remanufacturability and its potential for CBM application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 245-262"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards more sustainable universities: A critical review and reflections on sustainable practices at universities worldwide","authors":"Mayara Regina Munaro,&nbsp;Vanderley Moacyr John","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Higher education institutions (HEIs) are one of the main actors in promoting transformation towards sustainable development because of their leadership role in educating future leaders, their ability to deal with environmental and socioeconomic problems, and their creation of partnerships with social entities. However, HEIs still need to incorporate sustainability principles into their academic, management, and governance practices, and specific actions are observed without a systemic plan. To understand this scenario, this study sought to identify which sustainable practices and discussions are most debated and implemented on university campuses. Through a systematic literature review, 670 articles were selected and categorized into four dimensions highlighting challenges and solutions. The results highlight that universities focus sustainability mainly on the operational dimension without a systematic improvement approach. Governance does not prioritize sustainability plans; only a few sustainability areas are addressed. Reports and rankings lack reliable indicators and adaptability. Academically, both teachers and students need a better understanding of sustainability, with a focus on interdisciplinary and collaborative teaching methods. Sustainable change should not be limited to developed countries and must encompass the university's mission, educational processes, external relationships, management, and extracurricular activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 284-310"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating nutrition into environmental impact assessments reveals limited sustainable food options within planetary boundaries","authors":"Venla Kyttä ,&nbsp;Hafiz Usman Ghani ,&nbsp;Tiina Pellinen ,&nbsp;Anna Kårlund ,&nbsp;Marjukka Kolehmainen ,&nbsp;Anne-Maria Pajari ,&nbsp;Hanna L. Tuomisto ,&nbsp;Merja Saarinen","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmentally sustainable and nutritionally adequate food consumption and production can include a wide selection of foods, which requires detailed information on individual food products to enable sustainable food choices. The aim of this study was to integrate nutritional aspects in the assessment of environmental sustainability of food products against the planetary boundaries. Methodologically, the model was built on the approaches of nutritional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and a planetary boundary-based LCA (PB-LCA) that compares environmental impacts against the assigned share of planetary boundaries. Thus, the model can identify food products that provide sufficient nutrition in relation to their environmental impacts, in accordance with the criteria of the planetary health diet. As a result, we developed Nutrient Index-based Sustainable Food Profiling Model (NI-SFPM) and tested its applicability in an assessment of 559 food products across various food categories, considering the impact categories corresponding to the planetary boundaries of climate change, nitrogen cycling, phosphorus cycling, freshwater use, land-system change, and biodiversity loss. The results demonstrated the model's effectiveness in discerning between food products and food categories based on their environmental performance and nutrient composition. The resulted sustainability ranking of different food categories was in accordance with the current understanding of healthy and sustainable diets. By evaluating the sustainability of food products, the NI-SFPM enables informed decision-making for consumers, policymakers, and food industry stakeholders, assisting in optimizing production processes, sourcing sustainable ingredients, and enhancing product formulations. Through these insights, the NI-SFPM has the potential to drive positive changes in food industry by promoting the development and consumption of environmentally and nutritionally sustainable food products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 142-155"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is transparency a good business strategy? Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for information about the chemical content of reused and recycled clothing","authors":"Agnieszka D. Hunka ,&nbsp;Aemiro Melkamu Daniel ,&nbsp;Agathe Bour ,&nbsp;Robert H.W. Boyer","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recirculation can play an important role minimizing the environmental impact of the textile industry. However, there exist conflicts between recirculation of resources and regulatory strategies for a non-toxic environment. One pathway to remove restricted substances from recirculation is through labelling strategies that inform consumers about the chemical content of products. To date, research on the influence of information about chemical content on consumers' willingness to pay for retail purchases, particular in the clothing sector, is rather limited. Using discrete choice experiments conducted in Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom with a sample of 1528 adults, we investigated whether access to information about the chemical content of garments influences consumer willingness to pay across new, recycled and reused clothing. Although access to information about restricted chemicals is enshrined as a right-to-know in the European Union's regulations, the study highlights low awareness of this right: &lt;23 % of respondents in all countries have requested such information. Findings show a strong preference for either instant access to chemical information through a QR code or direct access to information printed directly on a product label. Interestingly, the choice of QR code is preferred over printed product labels. At the same time, information provided in the standard 45-day waiting period is no more preferred than no information at all. Meaningfully, consumers in all contexts are willing to pay a premium for rapid access to information for new and recycled options, but there is uncertainty regarding used options. Our results also show that up to 9 % of the respondents choose according to an elimination-by-aspects strategy, meaning they will avoid purchasing clothes without access to information about chemical content. The results strengthen the need for higher transparency and better exchange of information along textile value chains, however they also emphasize the already high uncertainty faced by circular economy enterprises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 128-141"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key governance and sustainability indicators for certification systems: Bridging certification and policy frameworks in the bioeconomy","authors":"José Luis Ares-Sainz ,&nbsp;Ana Arias ,&nbsp;Nikola Matovic ,&nbsp;Luana Ladu ,&nbsp;Gumersindo Feijoo ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European bioeconomy offers a sustainable development model, but its successful implementation requires robust sustainability measures. Ensuring sustainability in bio-based value chains requires clearly defined operational characteristics and indicators that comprehensively address key sustainability and circularity aspects. These indicators must align with the European Union (EU) sustainability framework, policies and directives. This study analyzed existing certification schemes and labels (CSLs), benchmarking monitoring systems, and EU policies to identify key sustainability indicators. A grey literature review further supplemented this analysis. Additionally, an alignment study was conducted to assess how EU policies guide the transition towards a bioeconomy. The research identified the key indicators that CSLs should adopt to effectively support the EU sustainability policy framework. A total of 142 sustainability indicators were proposed across environmental (7 areas), social (5), and economic/circularity (4) pillars, along with 60 operational indicators in governance (4 principles), assurance (5), traceability (4), and standard setting (3). The analysis revealed gaps in CSLs and policies, particularly in the economic and circularity pillars, while environmental and social indicators showed better coverage but still need improvements in areas such as land use, air quality, water depletion and consumer feedback. These findings provide valuable insights for certification bodies, industry stakeholders, and policymakers, offering guidance towards the harmonization of CSLs and their alignment with the European bioeconomy policy framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 156-181"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}