Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Burden of Neurological Disorders in Resource-Limited Settings: Lessons from Pakistan for Global Neurology.","authors":"Syeda Briha Fatima, Mahnoor Mughal, Mazhar Badshah, Sara Mumtaz, Sajid Malik","doi":"10.59249/OTIN1354","DOIUrl":"10.59249/OTIN1354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological disorders (NDs) are a leading global cause of disability and mortality, with their burden falling disproportionately on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pakistan exemplifies the systemic challenges faced in resource-limited settings, including delayed diagnosis, limited specialist access, and fragmented care pathways. Despite this, comprehensive spectrum-based data remain scarce. This study was aimed to quantify the burden and characterize the spectrum of NDs presenting to a major Pakistani tertiary-care center and to identify associated predictors and geographic disparities. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to January 2024, enrolling 537 consecutive patients with confirmed NDs. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were employed. Neurodevelopmental disorders were most frequent (31%), followed by neurovascular (20%), epilepsy (14%), autoimmune neurological disorders (12%), neurodegenerative (8%), neuroinfectious (7%), and neuromuscular disorders (6%). Logistic regression revealed strong age- and sex-dependent patterns, including markedly higher odds of neurodegenerative disorders in males and increased odds of neurovascular disorders with older age. Geographic analyses demonstrated a high burden of autoimmune and neuromuscular disorders among patients traveling >100 km, particularly from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK), highlighting significant access inequities. This study provides comprehensive clinical snapshot of NDs in Pakistan, revealing distinct epidemiological patterns shaped by socioeconomic disparities, geographic inequities, and genetic factors, such as consanguinity. The findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened neurological services, decentralization of specialized care, improved diagnostic capacity, early-interventions, and national surveillance systems. Lessons from Pakistan mirror broader challenges across LMICs and highlight the global imperative to invest in equitable neurological healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"99 1","pages":"177-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13026047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musicality is Preserved in Neurodegeneration.","authors":"Sophia Moret, Jordan A Galbraith, Giulia Lorenzon, Samuel A Mehr, Carolyn A Fredericks","doi":"10.59249/JUOP3641","DOIUrl":"10.59249/JUOP3641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Certain musical abilities can endure even as language, memory, and behavior decline in dementia, yet the neural basis of this resilience remains poorly understood. We draw on behavioral and neuroimaging evidence to explain why musicality is selectively preserved or impacted across Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the frontotemporal dementias (FTDs). Adopting a network-based perspective, we describe how musicality arises from interactions across large-scale brain systems that support perception, emotion, and memory. Evidence from case studies and neuroimaging work suggests that music engages lower-level auditory processing and higher-order networks across the brain, which may help explain the heterogeneous effects of neurodegeneration on musicality. Preserved and impaired musical abilities may reflect the selective vulnerability of distinct intrinsic connectivity networks. In early AD, relatively preserved salience and reward circuitry may sustain emotional responses to familiar music and facilitate autobiographical recall even as episodic memory declines. Degeneration of anterior temporal and salience network regions in the FTDs may disrupt the emotional and conceptual interpretation of music while leaving lower-level auditory systems relatively intact. Significant gaps remain in understanding how different components of musicality are affected in specific neurodegenerative diseases. Greater methodological standardization, larger cohorts, longitudinal study designs, and multimodal approaches will be critical for identifying how musicality is preserved or impacted across dementia syndromes. Addressing these questions may advance theoretical models of music perception in the human brain and guide the development of targeted music-based interventions that enhance emotion, memory, and quality of life for people living with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"99 1","pages":"243-256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13023426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living with Filariasis: Unseen Struggles of a Neglected Disease.","authors":"A Shamema, Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.59249/YCSG3281","DOIUrl":"10.59249/YCSG3281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a long-lasting, debilitating parasitic infection that has remained an immense burden to the endemic areas globally in the realms of physical, psychological, and socioeconomic suffering. LF presents itself in the form of lymphedema, hydrocele, and disfigurement, and limits motor activity, working capabilities, and interaction processes between people, significantly reducing self-esteem and life quality. LF brings significant socio-psychological distress besides the physical one. A decline in self-esteem often results in anxiety and depression; recognizable deformities are stigmatized and avoided. This social isolation and poverty become internalized, also with the misconceptions of contagion and impurity, and further bring about the perpetuation of vulnerability. Gender acts as a multifactor determinant force of the LF experience. It contains multiple layers of discrimination against women, concerning marriage refusal, and the workplace, where men are denied opportunities to earn their living and can become social outcasts. Such inequities, which are gender-based, are expected to be addressed when it comes to managing diseases. Constant obstacles put access to timely treatment and care in the spotlight, including the lack of awareness, financial constraints, and health facilities. The most effective interventions are the extension of the community participation levels and maximization of mass drug administration (MDA), which can considerably decrease the disease and burden of the disease and its burden. The world campaigns towards the abolition should not henceforth be geared towards pharmacological but rather take a rights-based approach. The psychological support, social rehabilitation, and gender-based interventions introduced into the social health systems can increase the inclusion and cost-efficiency of the individuals who have already experienced the widened perceived effects of LF and their dignity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"511-517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12742584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scabies as a Neglected Tropical Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment.","authors":"Ansar Ahmad Paray, Mahesh Chandra, Imtiyaz Wani, Manju Singh, Amandeep Kaur, Irshad Ahmad Najar, Nadeem Ahmad Paray, Mudasir Manzoor Dar","doi":"10.59249/SHYP2377","DOIUrl":"10.59249/SHYP2377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the ectoparasitic mite <i>Sarcoptes scabiei var</i>. <i>hominis</i>, affecting over 200 million individuals worldwide at any given time. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized this infection as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) since 2017. Scabies mainly affects underdeveloped, overcrowded, and resource-limited communities, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. Intense pruritus that gets worse at night and a distinctive rash with papules, burrows, and secondary bacterial infections from scratching are the clinical manifestations produced. Despite its pervasiveness, many national health agendas fail to adequately address it, misdiagnose it, and underreport it. Its persistence is further exacerbated by social stigma, a lack of awareness, and ineffective diagnosis and treatment. This review article highlights the disease's epidemiological significance, clinical manifestations, diagnostic capabilities, calls for enhanced surveillance, integrated control initiatives, and more funding for research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"489-500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12742596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Determinants of Dengue Severity in a Colombian Andean Municipality.","authors":"Graciela Olarte, Carolina Salamanca-Leguizamón, Héctor Serrano-Coll","doi":"10.59249/AEEA1451","DOIUrl":"10.59249/AEEA1451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dengue virus (DENV) is an arboviral infection transmitted by female mosquitoes of the <i>Aedes</i> genus.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the epidemiological behavior of dengue cases in a population from the Andean region of Colombia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study analyzed 300 randomly selected patient records from a total of 1400 cases reported in 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant associations were found between disease severity and patient sex or geographical location. However, age range and platelet count were key factors, with younger patients more likely to have mild dengue and platelet abnormalities being the strongest predictor of severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies platelet count abnormalities as the strongest factor associated with dengue severity, reinforcing their role as a key predictor of disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"401-409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12742587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketoconazole for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Context of Drug Shortages: A Case Report from Madre de Dios, Peru.","authors":"Percy J Vásquez-Paredes","doi":"10.59249/FYEC6370","DOIUrl":"10.59249/FYEC6370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease endemic in the Peruvian Amazon. First-line treatment with pentavalent antimonials was unavailable in Madre de Dios, Peru in early 2024 due to a supply-chain crisis. Oral ketoconazole has shown <i>in vitro</i> activity and modest efficacy in small clinical series as a salvage therapy, though it is not established as standard treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 41-year-old woman (body mass index 48 kg/m²) from a rural community in Madre de Dios presented with two ulcerative lesions (0.8 cm and 1.2 cm) on the dorsal aspect of the left little finger, of 4 weeks' duration. CL was confirmed by Giemsa smear and PCR as <i>Leishmania</i> (<i>Viannia</i>) sp. (~98% homology with local reference strains). In the absence of antimonials, and after informed consent, she received oral ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily for 6 weeks. By week 4, total lesion area had contracted by ~65%, and follow-up polymerase chain reaction (PCR) turned negative. Near-complete re-epithelialization was achieved by week 6. No hepatotoxicity or serious adverse events occurred; only mild transient nausea was reported. At 12 months' follow-up, there was no relapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this single-patient experience, oral ketoconazole (200 mg every 12 hours for 6 weeks) appeared to be an effective and well-tolerated alternative for CL during an antimonial shortage. Given the possibility of spontaneous healing in CL and the lack of a control group, controlled clinical trials are warranted before broader adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"519-523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12742590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neglected by Design: Occupational Parasitic Infections in India's Lower Castes.","authors":"Jay R Shinde, Aayushi Pandey, Srushti M Patil, Saloni Gajakos","doi":"10.59249/IPIS1241","DOIUrl":"10.59249/IPIS1241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational exposure remains a major driver of parasitic infections in India, largely due to caste-based discrimination that severely limits job opportunities for certain communities. Historically marginalized groups, particularly Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST), often have little choice but to engage in high-risk occupations such as manual scavenging, landless farming, inland and coastal fishing, tea-estate labor, informal mining, and backyard pig-rearing. Passed down through generations of exploitation, these occupations typically involve minimal or no personal protective equipment and significantly raise the risk of infections like hookworm, strongyloidiasis, visceral leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, <i>Taenia solium</i> cysticercosis, and schistosomiasis. Because social discrimination, even in 2025, restricts these groups from accessing safer employment options, they remain trapped in a cycle of poverty and disease. Add to this their living conditions like mud houses, open defecation practices, segregation, non-secure informal jobs without proper healthcare access, and low literacy, and it is clear why these curable infections persist despite national efforts like mass drug administration and vector control. Addressing this issue effectively means directly tackling caste-driven occupational segregation. Workplace-based preventive treatment, targeted surveillance, and equity-focused policies are essential to sustainably eliminate these parasitic infections and finally close these deep-rooted health disparities that are not commonly addressed in both policy-making and literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"501-509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12742599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Historical Trends of Trachoma in Egypt: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mohamed Abdel-Maboud, Muhammad Eid, Mohamed Hamdy, Mohamed Alshandidy, Ali Abdelkader","doi":"10.59249/ZYBO6082","DOIUrl":"10.59249/ZYBO6082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Trachoma remains a leading cause of preventable blindness that has long persisted in Egypt. Global estimates tend to undervalue the actual national prevalence, and no previous analysis has comprehensively mapped the temporal and regional trends within the country. The present study addresses these gaps to guide elimination efforts and policy planning.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of active and chronic trachoma and associated visual impairment and blindness in Egypt through a comprehensive systematic review and meta analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251070078) and adhered to PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane standards. Three independent reviewers searched 10 databases without language restrictions for population-based, cross-sectional surveys that reported WHO-graded trachoma outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist; Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) appraised evidence certainty. We transformed proportions using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation, pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis and directly age-standardized them to Egypt's 2000-2020 population structure. We performed sensitivity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses to explore heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 16 cross sectional surveys (n = 45 934), the pooled age standardized prevalence estimates were as follows: active trachoma in children (1-9 years) 10.8% (95% CI; 7.0-14.6), visual impairment in those cases 5.3% (95% CI; 3.2-7.5), chronic trachoma in adults (≥ 15 years) 7.2% (95% CI; 4.0-10.4), associated visual impairment 1.6% (95% CI; 1.0-2.2), and blindness 0.7% (95% CI; 0.1-1.9). Sensitivity, subgroup, and meta regression analyses demonstrated consistent estimates and no evidence of small study effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite substantial declines, active and chronic trachoma remain well above elimination thresholds in Egypt. These findings underscore the need for sustained implementation of the SAFE strategy-particularly enhanced water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure, ongoing surveillance, and targeted surgical outreach-and call for harmonized survey methods to guide and evaluate future control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"467-488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12742591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lutzomyia lenti</i>: A Neglected Species in the Transmission of Leishmaniasis In Brazil? A Review.","authors":"Ricardo Andrade Barata","doi":"10.59249/ZOFK4517","DOIUrl":"10.59249/ZOFK4517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article hypothesizes the possible involvement of <i>Lutzomyia lenti</i> in the transmission cycle of leishmaniases. Although its vector competence has not been confirmed, this study emphasizes the need for further research on the ecology of this species, its interactions with hosts, and the environmental factors influencing its distribution and population density to assess its potential role as a <i>Leishmania</i> vector.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"457-466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12742588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Genes <i>vacA</i> and <i>cagA</i> in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and their Relationship with the Induction of Coccoid Forms in Isolates from Patients in Antioquia, Colombia.","authors":"Laura D Chaparro-Ortega, Juliana Herrera-Berrio, José D Atehortúa-Rendón, Tania L Pérez-Cala, Beatriz E Salazar-Giraldo","doi":"10.59249/KTAJ7963","DOIUrl":"10.59249/KTAJ7963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is a spiral bacillus that can also adopt a coccoid form, a morphology associated with antibiotic resistance and the ability to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions. The relationship between coccoid forms, virulence, and the development of gastroduodenal diseases remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between virulence and the induction of coccoid forms in <i>H. pylori</i> isolates from patients in Antioquia, Colombia. DNA from 30 clinical isolates was extracted, and the <i>vacA</i> and <i>cagA</i> genes were amplified to classify strains into high, intermediate, or low virulence groups. Four methodologies-each with specific modifications-were evaluated to induce coccoid forms. Bacterial morphology was assessed by optical microscopy, and coccoid cells were quantified using ImageJ. The association between virulence level and coccoid induction was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Before induction, cultures contained more than 90% spiral forms. The solid medium protocol under aerobic conditions was identified as the fastest in promoting coccoid conversion. After induction, high-virulence isolates showed a higher proportion of coccoid forms (72.6%) compared with low-virulence isolates (49.6%). A significant association was observed between virulence level and the induction of coccoid forms (<i>p</i> = 0.014). The findings suggest a relationship between the presence of <i>vacA</i> and <i>cagA</i> genes and the ability of <i>H. pylori</i> to adopt coccoid morphologies as an adaptive response. However, variability among induction protocols may introduce methodological biases and contribute to divergent interpretations of the biological role of coccoid forms. Further studies are needed to determine whether recurrences represent recrudescence or reinfection and to clarify the role of coccoid forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"419-430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12742597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}