Rhizosphere最新文献

{"title":"Continuous cropping obstacle in Ganoderma lucidum is driven by antagonistic bacterial enrichment and soil bacterial community imbalance","authors":"Xiaomeng Lv,&nbsp;Xiaofang He,&nbsp;Yuting Zhuang,&nbsp;Jinxiang Zhang,&nbsp;Jianhui Chen,&nbsp;Ying Zhou,&nbsp;Senxiang Xie,&nbsp;Lixin Liang,&nbsp;Liping Deng,&nbsp;Xiaoping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> is a valuable medicinal mushroom used extensively in traditional medicine and modern health industries. Continuous cropping often alters soil microbial communities, leading to continuous cropping obstacles that limit sustainable production. Although fungal diversity has been extensively studied, bacterial dynamics and their functional roles remain less understood. Here, we combined bacterial isolation and identification, third-generation full-length 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, and confrontation assays to systematically investigate soil bacterial communities before and after <em>G. lucidum</em> cultivation. Significant changes in microbial richness, diversity, and composition were observed with notable shifts in Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria. Importantly, we identified key bacterial species, including <em>Bacillus velezensis</em>, <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em>, <em>Streptoverticillium reticulum</em>, and <em>Paenibacillus mucilaginosus</em>, that strongly inhibited <em>G. lucidum</em> mycelial growth, highlighting their potential role in continuous cropping obstacles. This study provides the first integrative framework linking species-level bacterial dynamics to continuous cropping barriers in <em>G. lucidum</em>, offering a theoretical basis for targeted microbial management in sustainable cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive modeling of soil pathogenic microorganisms in diseased plants: A comparative machine learning approach","authors":"Meriem Benbernou ,&nbsp;Meriem Kenzi ,&nbsp;Hadjer Khelifa ,&nbsp;Hadja Fatima Tbahriti","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Soil, borne pathogenic microorganisms are major threats to plant health and the whole agricultural system. The need for early and correct identification of the most pathogens cannot be overemphasized as it is the only way for directed disease management strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This research employs maching learning methods to identify the primary pathogen in one diseased plant based on soil microbiome data gathered from the SciSpace literature platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied 5000 samples collected systematically from the SciSpace literature platforms, including soil physicochemical properties, plant health indicators, and microbiome composition. We experimented with six machine learning models i.e. Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), XGBoost, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Deep Neural Network, and Logistic Regression to find which one performed better and the performance of the models was measured through AUC, ROC, precision, recall, F1, score, and cross-validation methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LightGBM achieved the best performance, with an AUC of 0.94, and outperformed the deep learning method (AUC: 0.87) and the other traditional models. Soil pH, organic matter content, and moisture levels were the most predictive variables, according to feature importance analysis. SHAP value analysis provided clear insights into pathogen-specific risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>When working with medium-sized tabular soil microbiome data, gradient boosting methods, especially LightGBM, are the best performers for prediction and offer better interpretability than deep learning architectures. Such a system is a powerful tool that can be used in precision agriculture and first disease intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key processes of iron acquisition in strategy I plants: Assessment by mechanistic modelling","authors":"Thibault Sterckeman","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Key mechanisms of iron uptake as highlighted by recent modelling works are reviewed. Calculations indicate that Fe²⁺ is often much more abundant than Fe³⁺ in soil solutions, contrarily to what is generally considered in the literature. However, mechanistic modelling of root Fe uptake shows that the concentrations of these ions are far below the levels required by plants. Furthermore, the acidification hypothetically triggered by iron deficiency is insufficient to increase their levels to the required extent. This confirms that AHA2, FRO2 and IRT1 evolved not only to process free ferric and ferrous ions, but also Fe-complexes with organic ligands. Numerical simulations show that aqueous dissociation of those Fe-complexes close to the root cell membrane is never quick enough to supply the root. Therefore, Fe complexes may dissociate at high speed after forming a transient ternary complex with a biotic ligand at the cell membrane near the AHA2-FRO2-IRT1 system. This catalyses Fe³⁺ reduction and internalisation of Fe²⁺. Moreover, a Fe ligand exuded by roots would be efficient only if it dissolves the soil iron hydroxides through a surface dissolution process much quicker than the aqueous dissolution. Simulations show that the mean concentration of Fe complexed by microbial siderophores in soils is sufficient to meet plant needs for iron, considering a moderate ‘shaping’ of the rhizosphere microflora and supposing that the roots are able to process the various types of complexes. Simulations also show that root absorption of intact Fe-complexes is as efficient as their processing by AHA2-FRO2-IRT1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lanthanum chloride mitigates root-knot nematode infection on tomato plants through the ethylene pathway and antioxidant activity","authors":"Ensieh Sadat Esmaeili,&nbsp;Majid Pedram,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Atighi","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lanthanum, a rare earth element that is relatively common in the earth's crust. Its role in plant-pathogen interactions, particularly with root-knot nematodes, remains to be investigated. To address this lack of knowledge, tomato plants were treated with different concentrations of LaCl₃ (20 μM, 40 μM, 60 μM, and 100 μM), and the day after, they were inoculated with root-knot nematode. The highest reduction in the number of galls and nematodes was recorded when LaCl₃ was treated at a concentration of 100 μM, and the experiment was repeated twice independently. The time line monitoring of LaCl₃ effect on antioxidant activity at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-inoculation (hpi) (in five replicates) showed a significant rise in antioxidant activity, including catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and a decrease in H₂O₂ accumulation at 72 hpi, which was further investigated by analysis of expression of respective genes. Additionally, expression analysis of phytohormones signaling markers revealed a significant upregulation of ethylene marker upon LaCl₃ treatment. This was further validated by performing a susceptibility assay on plants deficient in ethylene accumulation, specifically ACC deaminase (ACCD) transgenic plants, which did not exhibit LaCl₃-mediated resistance. Finally, expression levels of calmodulin genes were assessed locally in galls formed by the root-knot nematode, and it was found that they were highly modulated. These expression changes highlight the diverse roles and importance of calmodulin genes in the early defense responses of tomato plants to infection by root-knot nematode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rhizosphere as a hidden pharmacy: A review of bioactive compounds from plant–soil interfaces","authors":"Tamer Ali Sweellum ,&nbsp;Dia Soltan ,&nbsp;Hosam A. El Adawy ,&nbsp;Deyala M. Naguib ,&nbsp;Hanan Gahin","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rhizosphere is a highly organized and chemically dynamic interface where plant roots, soil chemistry, and dense microbial communities interact to produce extraordinary metabolic diversity. This review critically synthesizes current evidence to show that rhizosphere-associated bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and root-derived metabolites are a reliable and mechanistically grounded source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. We demonstrate that secondary metabolite production in the rhizosphere is tightly regulated by ecological drivers such as plant genotype-dependent root exudation, microbe-microbe competition, and abiotic stressors such as nutrient limitation, salinity, pH variation, and metal toxicity, all of which collectively activate cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters and diversify chemical scaffolds. This review describes how advances in targeted sampling, selective enrichment, co-cultivation, genome mining, metagenomics, metabolomics, and molecular networking have transformed the rhizosphere from an underexplored habitat to a rational platform for drug discovery. We conclude that ecological context-driven activation of microbial and plant metabolism is critical for discovering novel natural products, and that future drug discovery efforts should prioritize rhizosphere-informed culture tactics and multi-omics-guided prioritization pipelines. Collectively, the evidence points to the rhizosphere as a strategically significant and mechanistically known reservoir for next-generation treatments targeting antimicrobial resistance, cancer, immunological dysfunction, and emerging infectious illnesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term nutrient management regimes alter root exudation and rhizosphere fungal community structure in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)","authors":"Anitta Abraham ,&nbsp;C. Sarathambal ,&nbsp;V. Srinivasan ,&nbsp;C.K. Thankamani","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrient management practices profoundly influence rhizosphere microbial dynamics, which are central to soil fertility and sustainable crop production. However, too little consideration has been given to the taxonomic compositions of rhizosphere soil fungi and their interactions with root exudates under different fertilizer regimes in the turmeric cropping system. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term nutrient management regimes, organic (ONM), integrated (INM) and chemical (CNM) on the fungal community structure in turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa</em> L.), rhizosphere, as well as their relationship with soil properties and root exudation patterns. The results showed that nutrient management regimes clearly separated the fungal communities between the treatments. The ONM treatment supported a higher abundance and diversity of beneficial fungal taxa, including Glomeraceae, whereas INM and CNM were dominated by Psathyrellaceae and Spizellomycetaceae. Organic amendments had a significant effect on root exudate composition, the total abundance of sugars, alcohols, alkaloids and derivatives and amino acids and derivatives were high in ONM and INM treatments. NMDS and Mantel analysis revealed significant correlations of fungal diversity with soil pH, OC, P, Ca, Fe, and Zn, while K showed a negative relationship. Redundancy analysis identified soil pH, P, and root-exuded alcohols and amino acids and derivatives as key determinants of fungal community structure. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that biologically driven organic nutrient inputs enhance rhizosphere fungal diversity and improve soil health. Understanding these relationships provides valuable insights for developing nutrient management strategies that promote robust fungal communities and enable sustainable turmeric production systems through ecologically optimized fertilization practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new strain of Trichoderma shows improved biocontrol of Fusarium root rot in ginseng via functional metabolites, defense induction and rhizosphere regulation","authors":"Simeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Liwei Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Zhangxin Hou ,&nbsp;Xinping Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>-induced <em>Panax ginseng</em> root rot is a devastating disease. The development of effective biocontrol agents is therefore crucial. This study isolated <em>Trichoderma velutinum</em> YW411 from ginseng rhizosphere soil and evaluated its biocontrol efficacy alone and in combination with <em>Penicillium citrinum</em> YW322. Pot experiments demonstrated that single inoculation with <em>T. velutinum</em> significantly inhibited root rot and promoted plant growth. The strain produced siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid, protease, and cellulase, but lacked 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and phosphate-solubilizing capacity. Soil pH, total potassium and the activity of the defense-related enzyme lipoxygenase were significantly higher in the <em>T. velutinum</em>-only treatment compared to the co-inoculation treatment. Co-inoculation with <em>P. citrinum</em> altered microbial communities but diminished disease resistance. <em>In vitro</em> assays revealed that <em>T. velutinum</em> growth was inhibited by lipopeptides and other compounds secreted by <em>P. citrinum</em>, thereby reducing the ability of the ginseng rhizosphere biocontrol system with <em>T. velutinum</em> to suppress <em>F. oxysporum</em> spore germination and biomass. These results indicate that <em>T. velutinum</em> YW411 is a promising biocontrol and growth-promoting agent via direct pathogen inhibition, host resistance induction, and rhizosphere environment regulation, but it is incompatible with <em>P. citrinum</em> YW322.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectono-climatic controls on episodic paleosurface development in the Cauvery Basin, Southern India: Implications for basin-scale landscape dynamics","authors":"AL Fathima ,&nbsp;M. Ramkumar ,&nbsp;K. Balasubramani ,&nbsp;P.D. Roy ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar ,&nbsp;R. Nagarajan ,&nbsp;S. Rajveer","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paleosurfaces observed in the Cauvery River Basin (CRB) offer a distinctive archive for understanding the interactions of tectonics, climate and lithology, and reconstructing the evolutionary history of the fluvial landscapes. We have performed field mapping, megascopic, microscopic, mineralogical and radiocarbon geochronological analyses on 31 paleosol/sediment samples from various geomorphic settings to recognise distinct paleosols and their tectono-climatic controls. Geomorphic association and field characteristics, micromorphology, mineralogical composition, granulometric characteristics, and radiocarbon geochronology identified the occurrences of six distinct paleosol facies types in the CRB: relict, hardpan, rhizolithic, nodular, pisolitic, and vesicular. Radiocarbon ages range from 32,725 ± 136 BP (Upper Pleistocene) to 1293 ± 40 BP (Late Holocene), documenting soil formation under varying hydroclimatic and geomorphic conditions. Paleosols from the Upper Pleistocene have been developed in periods of monsoon weakening and landscape stabilisation, while Early Holocene samples indicate intensified postglacial monsoons and terrace formation. Mid-Holocene paleosols document the 8.2 ka climate event and its aftermath perturbations, and Late Holocene samples demonstrate monsoon weakening associated with the 4.2 ka mega drought event. The stages of the CRB evolution have been identified by micromorphological features such as microcrystalline calcites, ferruginised nodules, root traces, and sparry cementation. These features document six stages of alternating humid and arid pedogenic regimes associated with monsoon variability including, structural inheritance, reversal of drainage and the inception of modern river systems, intensive incision and pedogenesis in the Mio-Pliocene, Quaternary incision and landscape stabilisation, Holocene fluvial progradation, and anthropogenic forcing. The study had also documented the tectonically controlled paleosurfaces/terraces in the middle sub-basins, and predomination of climatological-lithological and other factors in the remaining sub-basins. This study demonstrates that the recognised tectono-climatic controls on pedogenic types and phases, paleosurfaces and their distribution, when linked to climatological oscillations from Dansgaard-Oeschger events to Holocene climate perturbations, along with tectonic and anthropogenic influences, offer a comprehensive framework for correlating the landscape developmental stages of the CRB with regional and other comparable settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological adaptations of Pennisetum purpureum cv. red under graded cadmium stress and their ecological implications","authors":"Liuting Zhou ,&nbsp;Wei Chu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Huang ,&nbsp;Yafen Wu ,&nbsp;Chengran Yu ,&nbsp;Deqing Feng ,&nbsp;Tao Luo ,&nbsp;Xibai Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiusheng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils threatens crop safety and ecosystem integrity, driving the need for high-biomass remediation plants. This study investigated the growth responses, physiological adjustments, and Cd accumulation characteristics of <em>Pennisetum purpureum</em> cv. Red through a 135-day pot experiment under graded Cd stress (0, 1.5, 10, and 25 mg kg⁻¹). The results revealed that <em>P</em>. <em>purpureum</em> cv. Red exhibited a typical “low-promotion and high-inhibition” response pattern and a “root retention–stem buffering” strategy, whereby Cd was primarily immobilized in the root system and further restricted from reaching leaves by enhanced pectin sequestration in stems. Cadmium was predominantly retained in the root system (Translocation factor &lt;0.4). Under high Cd exposure, stem pectin content increased by 77.2%, effectively restricting Cd transfer to photosynthetic tissues. The antioxidant enzyme system (SOD, CAT, POD) was significantly activated, although it provided limited mitigation against high Cd toxicity. Biomass recovery and a “compensatory growth effect” were observed during the later growth stage. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling indicated that internal Cd concentration, rather than the externally applied dose, better explained the physiological and growth responses, highlighting the crucial role of stem cell wall components in Cd sequestration. By day 135, the total Cd accumulation per plant in the high-Cd treatment reached 6.25 mg, demonstrating a balanced combination of moderate Cd accumulation capacity and stable growth.</div><div>In summary, <em>P</em>. <em>purpureum</em> cv. Red, with its high biomass production and moderate Cd accumulation capability, shows significant potential for the phytoremediation of moderately Cd-contaminated soils. The coordinated inter-organ defense mechanisms and late-stage compensatory growth offer new insights for the sustainable remediation of agricultural ecosystems in subtropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary calcretes in Fez plain, Saïs basin–Morocco: Origin and paleoclimatic implications","authors":"Ayman Agharabi ,&nbsp;Frank Robert Ettensohn ,&nbsp;Lhoucine Karrat ,&nbsp;Nicolae Har ,&nbsp;Lahcen Gourari ,&nbsp;Constantin Balica ,&nbsp;Cristian Victor Mircescu ,&nbsp;Horea Bedelean ,&nbsp;Dana Alina Magdas ,&nbsp;El Mehdi Jeddi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ntarmouchant","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates calcrete profiles in the Saïs Basin (Fez Plain, Morocco), formed at the top of the Pleistocene fluvial and overbank deposits, with the aim of understanding their origin, formation processes, and paleoclimatic implications. Field observations revealed a vertical succession of carbonate horizons, including chalky, nodular, laminar, and hardpan layers, topped by a pisolithic horizon rich in rhizoliths and brecciated carbonate fragments. X-ray diffraction identified calcite as the dominant mineral, with minor quartz and goethite, indicating detrital input and pedogenic oxidation. Petrographic analysis showed evidence of both diagenetic and pedogenic processes, including calcite recrystallization and iron oxide accumulations near root traces, suggesting alternating dry and wet conditions. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed biogenic structures, including plant tissues and varied calcite morphologies, indicating biological influence on calcite precipitation. Stable isotope signatures for δ¹³C range from −9.8 to −8.33 ‰VPDB and from −4.8 to −2.52 ‰VPDB for oxygen, suggesting a predominance of C3 plants with small inputs of C4 vegetation and influence of meteoric waters under moderate evaporation. The weak δ¹³C–δ¹⁸O correlation revealed multiple processes involved in calcretes genesis. These calcretes are of pedogenic origin, formed under semi-arid to dry sub-humid climates during Quaternary, offering valuable insights into pedogenic processes and paleoclimatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}