Rhizosphere最新文献

{"title":"Insights into mycorrhizal fungal community composition in two Anacamptis species from Türkiye","authors":"Ines Harzli,&nbsp;Vildan Akın Mutlu,&nbsp;Yasemin Özdener Kömpe","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Türkiye is a biodiversity hotspot for terrestrial orchids, yet the diversity of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) associated with native <em>Anacamptis</em> species remains poorly understood. We used ITS metabarcoding with OMF-specific primers to characterize and compare root fungal communities in <em>Anacamptis sancta</em> (Southwest Türkiye) and <em>A. coriophora</em> (North Türkiye). These species differ in distribution and conservation status, with <em>A. sancta</em> listed as Near Threatened. We detected 28 OMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs), primarily from Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae. While seven OTUs were shared, <em>A. sancta</em> and <em>A. coriophora</em> harbored 13 and 8 unique OTUs, respectively, indicating species-specific and habitat-linked fungal assemblages. Notably, rare fungal taxa from Atractiellales and Sebacinaceae were exclusive to <em>A. sancta</em>, suggesting potential niche specialization. This is the first study to document OMF diversity in Turkish <em>Anacamptis</em> species, offering new insights into orchid–fungus symbioses and informing future conservation strategies based on belowground microbial associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculation with a rhizobacteria synthetic community enhances sugarcane stress resilience through targeted modulation of plant-microbe interactions","authors":"Ahmad Nuruddin Khoiri ,&nbsp;Thanawat Duangfoo ,&nbsp;Kanthida Kusonmano ,&nbsp;Weerayuth Kittichotirat ,&nbsp;Teeraphan Laomettachit ,&nbsp;Supapon Cheevadhanarak ,&nbsp;Peerada Prommeenate ,&nbsp;Jiraporn Jirakkakul","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable agriculture demands innovative strategies to enhance crop productivity through plant–microbe interactions. Synthetic communities (SynCom) offer a targeted approach for this purpose. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying sugarcane responses and the dynamics of its rhizosphere microbial community following inoculation with a SynCom called MetG2 at the gene expression level. A greenhouse inoculation experiment was conducted, followed by shotgun metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing. Multi-omics analysis revealed significant temporal shifts in the microbial community, with an up-regulation of genes related to flagellar assembly, chemotaxis, quorum sensing, and biofilm formation, particularly within Proteobacteria, indicating active microbial movement toward root surfaces. Additionally, genes associated with nutrient acquisition, hormone synthesis, siderophore production, and volatile organic compound (VOC) synthesis were enriched, suggesting stimulated beneficial microbial activities. Sugarcane plants also exhibited dynamic responses, including the up-regulation of hormone-related genes (auxin, cytokinin, salicylic acid) and nutrient transporter genes (nitrate, phosphate, potassium, sulfur). Stress resistance genes such as trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, expansin, and antioxidant-related genes were also induced. These findings highlight the complex molecular interplay between sugarcane and microbes after MetG2 inoculation, supporting its potential as a sustainable strategy to enhance crop productivity and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fungal endophyte Pochonia chlamydosporia boosts growth and defence in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): Insights from transcriptomics and functional studies","authors":"K. Mery Rincy ,&nbsp;M.A. Fayad ,&nbsp;Sona Charles ,&nbsp;R. Praveena ,&nbsp;Santhosh J. Eapen","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pochonia chlamydosporia</em> var<em>. chlamydosporia</em> (Goddard) Zare &amp; W. Gams 2001 is a versatile fungal endophyte known for its biocontrol properties against plant-parasitic nematodes and its ability to stimulate plant growth. This study integrates temporal transcriptomic analysis with functional validation through pot culture trials to elucidate its dual role in black pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em> L.). High-throughput RNA sequencing at two colonization stages (14 and 28 days post-inoculation, dpi) identified 203,092 transcripts, including 65,354 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Genes involved in hormone biosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance were significantly upregulated, revealing mechanisms of enhanced growth and resilience. Defence-related DEGs linked to jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, indicated induced systemic resistance. These transcriptomic findings were corroborated by qRT-PCR and phenotypic data from greenhouse trials, which demonstrated significant improvements in plant growth parameters, nutrient content, and root colonization. Together, these insights advance our understanding of <em>P. chlamydosporia</em> as a promising bioinoculant for sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate rare taxa and network complexity in rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial communities of Allium schoenoprasum L","authors":"Yiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Ye Cui ,&nbsp;Qixiu Cheng ,&nbsp;Zishan Li ,&nbsp;Yiming Dai ,&nbsp;Keqing Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Li ,&nbsp;Jin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in enhancing plant growth and regulating rhizospheric microbial composition. However, their influence on rare bacterial taxa in both the rhizospheric and endophytic environments of <em>Allium schoenoprasum</em> L. remains largely unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a randomized experiment with four treatment groups: three inoculated with 30 g of <em>Rhizophagus irregularis</em>, <em>Diversispora epigaea</em>, or <em>Funneliformis mosseae</em>, and one uninoculated control group with sterilized inoculum (20 replicates each), using real-time quantitative PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing to analyze microbial communities. Results showed that AMF-inoculated plants exhibited significantly superior phenotypic traits compared to the control, with plant heights of 26.05 ± 2.88 cm (<em>R. irregularis</em>), 28.63 ± 2.09 cm (<em>D. epigaea</em>), and 24.92 ± 2.86 cm (<em>F. mosseae</em>) versus 8.59 ± 1.60 cm in the control, alongside significant differences in other traits. Among AMF treatments, <em>R. irregularis</em> strain notably promoted growth effectively with a high infection rate but lower infection intensity than <em>D. epigaea</em> and <em>F. mosseae</em> strains. Rhizospheric communities had more unique amplified sequence variants among rare bacterial taxa, while endophytic communities showed increased abundances of key taxa. Furthermore, inoculation with AMF leads to alterations in the expression of functional genes associated with the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. Specifically, the expression of the <em>cbbLR</em> and <em>phoD</em> genes was significantly elevated, while the expression of the <em>amoA</em> gene remained stable. Additionally, the complexity of the rhizospheric bacterial network was notably greater compared to the endophytic environment. These findings highlight the different roles of AMF in shaping microbial communities and promoting plant health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of salt stress on root and rhizosphere fungal communities of wild soybean","authors":"Linqi Li ,&nbsp;Haiting Ding ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Li ,&nbsp;Ningning Chen ,&nbsp;Jingyi Yu ,&nbsp;Liping Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuai Shang ,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wild Soybean (<em>Glycine soja Siebold &amp; Zucc</em>), a Chinese Class II Protected Wild Plant Species, exhibits significant research value regarding its salt stress response mechanisms. Given that the Yellow River Delta represents China's sole remaining large-scale native habitat for Wild Soybean, severe soil salinization in this region substantially inhibits root growth. This study employed hydroponic experiments with salt gradients and high-throughput sequencing to analyze salt stress effects on root/rhizosphere fungal communities in Wild Soybean. We aimed to elucidate plant-fungal interaction restructuring under salinity and harness beneficial root/rhizosphere fungi to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in rare glycophytes (e.g., Wild Soybean) within saline-alkali soils. Key findings reveal that although root-associated fungal communities (root and rhizosphere) did not exhibit significant differences in biodiversity indices across salinity levels, they activated adaptive regulatory pathways through structural remodeling. Specifically, enrichment of the stress-mitigating fungal genus <em>Mortierella</em> enhanced plant resilience under adverse conditions. This discovery provides novel insights into salt adaptation mechanisms of rare glycophytes and establishes a theoretical foundation for conserving endangered plants and developing microbial resources in saline ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratified soil profiles and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reshape plant water use strategy and enhance root development in arid mine waste dump restoration","authors":"Chao Wu ,&nbsp;Yinli Bi ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhu ,&nbsp;Zucheng Bai ,&nbsp;Pengyu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil moisture is a pivotal constraint on vegetation establishment in spoil heaps of coal mining regions, particularly within arid and semi-arid landscapes. Optimizing the retention and utilization of soil water in these disturbed ecosystems is an urgent challenge with direct implications for ecological restoration. In a field-based factorial experiment conducted in a coal mine reclamation zone, we investigated two key variables: soil reconstruction strategy and microbial inoculation. The soil treatments included a homogeneous soil profile and a stratified profile. The microbial factor involved inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) <em>Funneliformis mosseae</em>, compared against a non-inoculated control. Our findings revealed that stratified soil reconstruction significantly enhanced alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em>) performance, root biomass increased by over 12.9 %, and average fine root length density by more than 22.5 % relative to homogeneous soil. The stratified configuration markedly improved soil water retention, creating a more favorable environment for root development and plant growth. AMF inoculation further amplified root water uptake and stimulated root proliferation. Notably, the combined treatment of stratified soil and AMF inoculation reshaped the plant's water acquisition strategy, reducing reliance on shallow (0–20 cm) soil moisture while enhancing uptake from deeper layers (20–40 cm and 40–100 cm). This synergistic approach, integrating engineered soil profiles with microbial symbiosis, proved most effective in promoting biomass accumulation and improving water-use efficiency. Collectively, these results offered actionable insights and a scientific basis for advancing vegetation recovery strategies in water-limited, post-mining environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabidopsis BOR transporters and their regulation under boron toxicity","authors":"Seyma Nur Erdeger Colak,&nbsp;M. Aydın Akbudak","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>, the BOR transporter family (<em>AtBOR1</em>–<em>AtBOR7</em>) mediates boron efflux, long-distance transport, and stress responses; however, the functional differentiation and regulatory mechanisms among these transporters remain poorly understood. This study comprehensively characterizes the <em>AtBor</em> gene family through integrated structural, phylogenetic, gene expression, and protein interaction analyses. Phylogenetic analysis divided the seven AtBOR proteins into three distinct clades, indicating evolutionary diversification. Expression profiling under varying boron concentrations and abiotic stress conditions revealed constitutive or moderate expression of <em>AtBOR1</em>, <em>AtBOR2</em>, and <em>AtBOR3</em> across tissues, suggesting conserved functions in maintaining basal boron homeostasis. Conversely, <em>AtBOR4</em>–<em>AtBOR7</em> showed low or stress-responsive expression patterns, with notable induction of <em>AtBOR3</em> in shoots under cold stress, indicating its potential role in boron redistribution during abiotic stress adaptation. Subcellular localization analyses predicted predominant plasma membrane targeting for most AtBOR transporters, while protein–protein interaction studies implicated several members in vesicle trafficking, stress signaling, and detoxification pathways. This study represents the first systematic characterization of all seven <em>AtBOR</em> genes under boron toxicity, providing novel insights into their functional specialization and regulatory dynamics. The results presented here significantly enhance our understanding of boron transporter diversity, laying the foundation for future development of crop varieties with improved micronutrient use efficiency and enhanced resilience to environmental stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat as model to study avocado root rot and interactions with rhizobacteria","authors":"Sandra Tienda ,&nbsp;Carmen Vida ,&nbsp;Antonio de Vicente ,&nbsp;Francisco M. Cazorla","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avocado white root rot (AWRR), caused by <em>Rosellinia necatrix</em>, presents significant research challenges due to the practical difficulties and limited availability of using avocado plants as experimental model. To address these limitations, a novel wheat-based model has been developed. This model facilitates the study of rhizospheric interactions between <em>R. necatrix</em> and beneficial bacteria isolated from avocado roots. Wheat seeds were challenged in pots with <em>R</em>. <em>necatrix</em>, which effectively colonizes and infects wheat roots, inducing observable aerial symptoms that enable quantitative assessment of disease severity. Additionally, beneficial bacteria, originally isolated from avocado roots, demonstrate comparable colonization efficiency on wheat roots. The use of fluorescent-tagged microbial strains allowed visualization of the interactions taking place at the wheat root. This wheat model proved effective for evaluating biocontrol agents, yielding consistent results with previous observations in avocado plants. These findings indicate that wheat can be considered an additional tool for investigating AWRR-related rhizospheric dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizobacteria provide resistance to Gaultheria mucronata (Ericaceae) against seasonal variability in volcanic scoria soils","authors":"Omar Lora Peña ,&nbsp;Fernando Dini Andreote ,&nbsp;Javier Ortiz ,&nbsp;Javiera Soto ,&nbsp;Cesar Arriagada-Escamilla","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants growing in volcanic scoria soils face severe edaphic challenges, including nutrient scarcity, high porosity, and marked seasonal variability. This study explores the structural and functional stability, microbial interactions, and plant growth-promoting capacities of rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with <em>Gaultheria mucronata</em> (L. f.) Hook. &amp; Arn. (Ericaceae), a native shrub adapted to extreme environments in southern Chile. Rhizosphere and bulk soil samples were collected in contrasting seasons (summer and winter) across two volcanic scoria sites. By employing 16S rRNA metabarcoding, functional inference, microbial isolation, and plant-beneficial trait assays, we demonstrated that rhizosphere bacterial communities maintain structural stability and distinct functional profiles, significantly differentiated from bulk soils despite seasonal fluctuations in soil nutrient availability. Network co-occurrence analyses revealed season-dependent patterns, with higher complexity and balanced interactions in winter. Functional predictions highlighted enrichment in rhizosphere processes related to nutrient mobilization, organic matter degradation, and antioxidant mechanisms. <em>Arthrobacter</em> sp. emerged as a keystone taxon with consistent high abundance, central network positioning, and multiple plant growth promoting traits, including phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and ammonia synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with <em>Gaultheria mucronata</em> maintain structural stability and exhibit functional plasticity across contrasting seasons in nutrient-poor volcanic scoria soils. These traits reflect the resistance of rhizobacteria to seasonal variability and suggest a role in supporting plant adaptation to extreme edaphic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing maize growth and reducing irrigation needs with extracellular polymeric substances and microbial inoculants","authors":"Alexandra Overall ,&nbsp;Helena Moreira ,&nbsp;Ana S.S. Sousa ,&nbsp;Philipp Wilfert ,&nbsp;Mark van Loosdrecht ,&nbsp;Paula M.L. Castro ,&nbsp;Sofia I.A. Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil amendments and microbial inoculants can affect plant growth, water retention, and crop resilience. This study investigated the effects of two amendments, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and biochar, with and without bacterial inoculation, on maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) growth, irrigation needs, and physiological responses. Maize was cultivated in soil with 2.5 % and 5 % (w/w) of wet EPS (Kaumera®) or biochar and inoculated with a bacterial consortium consisting of <em>Arthrobacter nicotinovorans</em> EAPPA and <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. EC35.</div><div>EPS-treated plants exhibited significantly higher shoot biomass, larger stem thickness, while soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values suggest improved nutrient availability and photosynthetic efficiency. In non-inoculated plants, EPS supplementation increased shoot dry biomass by 78 % and stem thickness by 9 % compared to control plants grown without amendments. This enhancement strongly correlated with nutrient uptake, especially in plants supplemented with 5 % of EPS. Particularly, Mg and Ca concentrations increased by 195 % and 73 %, respectively, compared to non-amended controls. Inoculation further amplified these benefits, underscoring its key role in plant development and resilience. In contrast, biochar-treated plants exhibited reduced growth, suggesting stress effects at the tested addition doses. Electrolyte leakage, a key indicator of plant stress, was significantly lower in soils amended with EPS, suggesting that EPS provides a protective effect to the plants. EPS also demonstrated remarkable water retention benefits, reducing irrigation requirements by 30 % with 5 % of EPS application, compared to 9 % reduction with biochar. The use of EPS, combined with microbial inoculants, represents a sustainable agricultural strategy for optimizing maize production in water-limited environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 101136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}