Rhizosphere最新文献

{"title":"Water availability and accessions of Passiflora cincinnata Mast. can shape the communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding how water availability affects different caatinga passionfruit accessions (<em>Passiflora cincinnata</em> Mast.) and their drought tolerance is crucial for successful cultivation in semi-arid environments. Additionally, assessing the impact of this stress on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities' structure and dynamics is also essential. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the purpose of identifying tolerant and sensitive <em>P. cincinnata</em> accessions under drought stress and how the water availability would affect AMF communities, which were taxonomically identified based on morphological characters. Results show that water availability influenced height, stem diameter, total chlorophyll, dry and fresh shoot biomass, fresh root biomass, leaf area, number of leaves and tendrils, and root/shoot ratio of accessions of <em>P. cincinnata</em>. However, water availability did not influence root dry biomass, only the identity of <em>P. cincinnata</em> accessions differed from each other. In the PCA-based ranking, based on the morpho-descriptors traits, and on the indices of drought stress tolerance, accessions 01 and 48 were considered tolerant and sensitive to drought, respectively. The abundance of glomerospores and the AMF richness are not influenced by the factors studied, but water availability has increased the frequency of mycorrhizal colonization, diversity, and evenness of AMF species, in addition to reducing its dominance. AMF communities’ composition was modulated by <em>P. cincinnata</em> accessions and by water availability. Utilizing morpho-agronomic traits, it becomes feasible to differentiate <em>P. cincinnata</em> accessions exhibiting tolerance and sensitivity to drought stress. Particular emphasis is placed on fresh and dry shoot biomass, leaf area, and height, each contributing approximately 12% to these outcomes. Changes on the composition of AMF communities after imposition of water deficit suggest that some AMF species may show some drought tolerance and that preferences for <em>P. cincinnata</em> genotypes may exist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant, bacteria and fungi crosstalk: Direct and indirect biocontrol mechanisms of sugarcane rhizoplane Pseudomonas species against Fusarium wilt","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to identify an effective rhizoplane <em>Pseudomonas</em> species to combat sugarcane wilt pathogen (<em>Fusarium sacchari</em>), twenty <em>Pseudomonas</em> isolates were obtained from the sugarcane rhizoplane of different genotypes. The three-tier confrontation (direct, indirect and remote) tests revealed antagonistic activity of the bacteria, bacterial non-volatile and volatile compounds. In dual culture assay, SRP19 (46.30%) and SRP20 (39.30%) have shown the highest inhibition against <em>F. sacchari</em>. 16S-23S rDNA sequencing identified them as <em>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</em> subsp. <em>aurantiaca</em> (SRP19) and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (SRP20). Exploration of biocontrol mechanisms revealed the potential roles for IAA production, extracellular enzyme secretion (proteases, cellulases and chitinases), HCN synthesis, siderophore production, pyocyanin or fluorescein production and phosphate solubilization. The molecular analysis revealed the presence of genes (<em>phz, prnD, phlD</em> and <em>pltC</em>) involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial peptides like phenazines, pyrrolnitrin, 2,4-diacetyl phloroglucinol and pyoleuteorin, involved in suppressing <em>Fusarium</em>. The antagonistic activity was further confirmed under greenhouse conditions by sett treatment with potential antagonistic isolates, which increased germination and reduced the pre-emergent mortality by 60% and post-emergent seedling mortality by 76% in SRP19 treated pots. The study revealed that the isolate <em>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</em> subsp. <em>aurantiaca</em> strain SRP19 can act as PGPR with both plant growth promoting and pathogen suppressing activity that can be used as an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium wilt of sugarcane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root tensile strength and suction-characteristic as indicators for screening species for slope stabilization in extreme climates","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Root water potentials, essential for understanding drought tolerance and transpiration, can also influence root tensile strength, which is valuable for selecting plants for slope stabilization and erosion control in extreme wet and dry climates. This study investigated the relationships between root suction, water content, diameter and tensile strength of <em>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</em> and <em>Bougainvillea glabra</em> to explore their potential for slope stabilization. Both species showed an increase in root water content and a decrease in suction with larger root diameter, despite their inherent difference in the tensile strength and suction relationship. The tensile strength versus suction plots clearly showed that <em>Bougainvillea glabra</em> can sustain higher load as root suction increases and is likely to perform better in extremely dry condition than <em>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</em>. Observation of field performance indicated that this is the case which warrants further study on root suction for selecting species in stabilization of slopes in extreme climates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic changes in bacterial community composition, function, and soil characteristics of tomato rhizosphere soil under long-term monoculture conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tomato is widely cultivated all over the world, and long-term monoculture has resulted in decreased tomato yields and stunted plant growth. Soil bacterial communities have a profound effect on plant growth and health, and the effect of different planting years on rhizosphere soil microorganisms of tomato is not clear. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the rhizosphere soil microorganisms of tomatoes cultivated continuously for 3, 6 years (short-term continuous cropping), 9, and 12 years (long-term continuous cropping) (LZ3, LZ6, LZ9, LZ12). The results showed that the pH in LZ9 was significantly higher than that in the other treatments, the relative abundance of Planctomycetes and Candidatus Rokubacteria in LZ3 were higher than those in the other treatments, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher in LZ6 and LZ9 than that in the other treatments, and the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes in LZ12 were higher than those in the other treatments. At the genus level, the relative abundance of <em>Nocardioides</em>, <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Pseudolabrys</em> were lower in LZ3 than that in other treatments, and the relative abundance of <em>Gaiella</em> was significantly higher in short-term continuous cropping than that in LZ9. The pH, hydrolyzable nitrogen (HN), and available potassium (AK) were the most important factors driving the changes in microbial communities. The relative abundance of amino acid metabolism, terpenoid and polyketide metabolism decreased significantly with years of continuous cropping, and that total nitrogen (TN), HN, and available phosphorus (AP) were significantly correlated with translation, amino acid metabolism, and cell growth and death. Continuous cropping leads to nutrient imbalance in tomato soils, which affects the structure and functional composition of soil microbial communities, providing insights into microbial community response to continuous tomato cropping, but further in-depth studies are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different patterns of fine-root exudation rates along soil depth of Pinus densiflora, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Cryptomeria japonica in coniferous forests","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tree fine-root exudation and organic carbon compounds in the soil affect physiological functions through degradation by microorganisms around the roots and the enhancement of allelopathic effects on invasion attempts by other plant species. However, the underlying mechanism of fine-root action in vertically heterogeneous resource-distribution patterns along the soil profile is little known. Here, we quantified root exudation and its morphological and chemical traits in the soil layers down to 100-cm depth for three conifer species, <em>Pinus densiflora</em> (ectomycorrhiza), <em>Chamaecyparis obtusa</em>, and <em>Cryptomeria japonica</em> (arbuscular mycorrhiza), in a cool temperate Japanese forest. By using glass filter-trap method, root exudation rates in all three species varied with soil depth in a species dependent pattern. Specifically, the root exudation rate of <em>P. densiflora</em> was significantly higher in the middle soil layer, and lower in the topsoil layer, whereas the exudation rates significantly decreased in <em>C. japonica</em> and did not vary in <em>C</em>. <em>obtus</em>a along soil depth. Exudation strongly correlated with variation in root traits in <em>C. obtusa</em> and <em>C. japonica</em> but not in <em>P. densiflora</em>. These findings suggest that differences in exudation patterns among tree species are likely compensated for by structural modifications in fine roots in response to soil depth. In addition, the traits with mycorrhizal types might be related to adequate root exudation and enhanced soil-nutrient acquisition. Distinct differences among species in exudation, associated with vertical root distribution, will increase our understanding of root survival strategies for nutrient acquisition and carbon sequestration in forest tree species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the potential of functionally-enhanced periphyton in supplying rice plant phosphorus nutrition in paddy fields","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the potential of functionally-enhanced periphyton enriched with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as a novel biofertilizer to improve the growth parameters and yield attributes of plants in rice paddy fields. The research represents the first farm-scale investigation of the PSB-enhanced periphyton. The study aimed to assess the ability of the periphytic biomass to act as a reservoir for phosphorus (P), regulating its bioavailability to rice plants and decreasing the demand for chemical inputs at the field-scale. In order to achieve this, superior P-solubilizing bacteria isolates were utilized to prepare the functionally-enhanced periphyton. The research revealed that PSB-enhanced periphyton acts as a controlled-release biofertilizer, minimizing P losses during low-demand growth stages and enhancing P supply during high-demand growth phases. The findings demonstrated that P concentration declined significantly (by 75.2%) in the paddies' overlying water under periphyton application. Conversely, periphyton increased soil P availability (24.2%) and plant P content (16.0%). The research shines a light in the possibility of utilizing the functionally-enhanced periphyton as an effective inoculant for sustainable rice production, with implications for reducing the heavy reliance on chemical inputs in agricultural systems. This research serves as a bridge between laboratory and greenhouse experiments and real farm conditions, offering practical applications for sustainable management of agrifood systems. The investigation's results enable a deeper understanding of periphyton and its role in sustainable rice production, providing a reliable source for researchers, producers, and policymakers involved in sustainable production systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential recruitment of plant growth-promoting bacteria community by soybean rhizosphere in no-tillage and integrated crop-livestock","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agricultural practices influence plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere and, particularly can drive the recruitment of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). This study assessed the PGPB community in soil under no-tillage (NT) and in the rhizosphere of maize and grass under integrated cro-livestock (ICL) to evaluate their influence on the recruitment of PGPB in the rhizosphere of soybean. Soil samples from the soybean rhizosphere under NT and ICL were collected and compared to samples collected from bulk soil and the rhizosphere of maize and grass in ICL, using the 16 S rRNA approach. The structure of the PGPB community differed (21.8% of variation) when comparing the rhizosphere of soybean in NT and ICL. The soybean rhizosphere in NT enriched distinct PGPB compared to those observed in ICL. The proportion of specialist PGPB was higher in the rhizosphere of soybean in ICL (33.8%) than in NT (26.5%). Regardless of the agricultural system, the rhizosphere of soybean showed a similar number of nodes, but ICL promoted a higher number of edges in the soybean rhizosphere. <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Mycobacterium</em> were identified as the main keystone taxa in the rhizosphere of soybean in NT. In contrast, <em>Streptomyces</em> and <em>Sphingomonas</em> were keystone taxa in the rhizosphere of soybean in ICL. This study demonstrated distinct recruitment of PGPB by the rhizosphere of soybean based on agricultural systems, i.e., NT and ICL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141985488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant interaction between root system architecture and stratified phosphorus availability for the initial growth of rice in a flooded soil culture","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major limiting factor for rice production in the tropics. The root system architecture (RSA) may play a significant role to capture P efficiently in soils; however, its function is poorly understood in flooded and puddled soil cultures. Two near-isogenic lines (NILs) contrasting RSA—<em>qsor1</em>-NIL (nonfunctional allele of <em>qSOR1</em>; shallow RSA) and <em>Dro1</em>-NIL (functional allele of <em>DRO1</em>; deep RSA)—were repeatedly grown for approximately 6 weeks in pots with three stratified P treatments. The treatments simulated P deficient conditions in puddled and subsoil layers, P available in the puddled layer, and P available in puddled and subsoil layers, that is, −P−P: no P applied in either the top-half (0–14 cm) or bottom-half (14–28 cm) layers; +P−P: P applied only in the top-half layer; and +P + P: P applied in the top-half and bottom-half layers, respectively. A significant interaction was observed between genotype and P treatment. The <em>Dro1</em>-NIL had a greater root surface area in the bottom half layer, which was advantageous for capturing P in the subsoil layer and resulted in greater biomass and P uptake in the +P + P treatment. Contrarily, the <em>qsor1</em>-NIL had a greater root surface area and longer root hair, resulting in greater biomass and P uptake in the −P−P treatment. The mechanism is unclear; however, the pleiotropic effect of <em>qsor1</em>, namely enhancing root hair elongation, might be more advantageous to explore P with minimal carbon costs than elongating nodal and lateral roots when P is not available in deep soil layers. No genotype differences were observed in the +P−P treatment, implying no apparent topsoil P-foraging effect of the shallow RSA in the flooded soil culture. The roles of RSA and root hairs should attract further attention for the genotypic improvement of lowland rice under P deficiency conditions in the tropics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model for root water uptake of alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau considering soil temperature","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicting root water uptake (RWU) of wide-distributed alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is essential to precisely reveal the complex hydrothermal behaviors of alpine meadow soil under warming and humidifying climate. In this study, a model for RWU of alpine meadows on the QTP is proposed, which comprehensively considers the actual root characteristics of alpine meadow and the influence of soil temperature. In the proposed model, a root density function is newly derived to describe the root characteristics of alpine meadows, where root biomass (RB) is taken as root characteristics index. Meanwhile, a temperature-dependent reduction function is developed to reflect the impact of soil temperature on the RWU of alpine meadows. The proposed model for RWU is highly competent compared to the model for RWU not considering soil temperature. Furthermore, the proposed model for RWU is applied to explore the influence of RWU effect on the water movement of soil under different soil temperatures. Results indicate that the increment of soil temperature can lead to the exponentially increasing trend for the RWU rate of alpine meadows. Under the RWU effect, the alpine meadows with the thickness of 0.25 m have contributed to the moisture redistribution of soil layer within the range of 0.75 m. At the maximum soil temperature of 23 °C, the maximum RWU rate of 25.16 × 10⁻⁹ 1/s leads to the maximum decline in volumetric water content of 6.31%. Higher soil temperature is beneficial to the stability of the shallow freeze-thaw slope covered by alpine meadows, which is the opposite of the influence of humidifying climate. It is helpful to disclose the failure mechanism of shallow freeze-thaw slopes of the QTP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of soil sterilization on antagonistic efficiency against tobacco mosaic virus and the rhizosphere bacterial community in Nicotiana benthamiana","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil microorganisms play a critical role in influencing plant growth and managing soil pathogens. <em>Tobacco mosaic virus</em> (TMV) induces significant economic losses in global agriculture and can impact the composition and function of soil microbial communities. Despite its importance, the interactions between viruses and soil microbial communities remain inadequately understood. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing coupled with bioinformatics analyses to thoroughly investigate the bacterial communities and physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soils of healthy tobacco plants under both sterilized (WJ) and non-sterilized (YJ) conditions, as well as TMV-infected tobacco plants under both sterilized (WT) and non-sterilized (YT) conditions. Our findings demonstrated that TMV infection significantly modifies the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure of rhizosphere soils, with these changes being more pronounced in non-sterilized soils. Moreover, the YT samples exhibited a more intricate network of bacterial interactions. They showed significant differences from WT samples in key bacterial genera that might be involved in the response to or antagonism of TMV. The genera <em>Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia</em> and <em>Dyella</em> were highlighted. These results suggest that rhizosphere microorganisms actively respond to TMV infection, with a more pronounced response observed in non-sterilized soils. This study provides novel insights into the microbial dynamics associated with TMV infection and underscores the importance of soil microbial communities in plant health and disease resistance. Additionally, it offers an experimental framework for future research on soil-borne diseases, emphasizing the pivotal role of soil microbiota in disease ecology and soil impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}