Study on ecological factors influencing growth and quality of newly developed Bletilla striata fibrous roots

The fibrous roots of Bletilla striata are typically non-essential parts of the plant, yet studies have shown that they contain the same active components as the tubers, exhibiting even stronger antioxidant properties, making them promising for medicinal applications. As the foundational material for traditional Chinese medicine in both treatment and disease prevention, the yield and quality of medicinal products are directly linked to their clinical efficacy. The growth and quality of such medicinal plants are shaped by various environmental factors. This study focuses on newly grown fibrous roots of B. striata from three distinct regions. We analyzed their growth traits, physical characteristics, bioactive components, antioxidant properties, overall quality, growth environment, soil fertility, and microbial characteristics to determine how these factors collectively influence the growth and quality of B. striata fibrous roots across these regions. The growth traits, physical quality, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of B. striata fibrous roots differed significantly among regions. Yunyan District exhibited the highest polysaccharide content (4.42 %), while Shibing County showed the highest militarine concentration (4.57 %). The highest total phenol content (8.39 mg/g) was recorded in Bozhou District. Principal component analysis indicated that fibrous roots from the Yunyan area exhibited a notably higher comprehensive quality than those from Bozhou. Mantel's analysis further revealed that climatic factors primarily affected root growth characteristics, while soil fertility indicators influenced quality accumulation in the roots. Among soil microorganisms, only bacteria significantly promoted the accumulation of polysaccharides and total phenolics in the fibrous roots.

Conclusion

This study provides a reference for the resource potential of B. striata fibrous roots, offering insights into the intricate relationships between ecological factors and the medicinal properties of artificially cultivated medicinal plants.