Алма матер最新文献

{"title":"Preventing stress among young people","authors":"Marina A. Zaitseva","doi":"10.20339/am.10-23.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.10-23.037","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the conditions that contribute to the formation of a healthy lifestyle in universities, as well as the level of stress faced by students in everyday life. The author conducted a survey of students of technical, medical and pedagogical universities in 2022. As part of the research, a testing was conducted on students using the “Inventory of Stress Symptoms” questionnaire by T. Ivanchenko, and the “Determination of Nervous-Mental Stress” questionnaire by T. Nemchin. It was found that one-third of the students (from a medical university) constantly experience psychological and emotional stress, in contrast to students from a technical university, where a gender imbalance is observed. Girls from a technical university are more anxious than young men. At the pedagogical university, young students are more susceptible to anxiety than female students. It was revealed that young men, more than girls, experience constant stress due to material difficulties. Students who are not involved in physical activity and do not systematically play sports tend to have low self-esteem, are not satisfied with themselves or the results of their studies, have high rates of loneliness. It has also been established that girls are less likely than boys to engage in sports. Students who do not lead a healthy lifestyle are more prone to distress and suffer from various psychosomatic illnesses. Most students (not from medical universities) have not developed the habit of taking responsible care of their health. Physically active students seek less direct healthcare services throughout the year. A developed sports infrastructure at universities allows students to relieve stress, expand social networks, and not feel lonely. In universities where walking and cycling among students are encouraged and provided for, there are fewer students with harmful habits. Girls engage in sports to improve their external attractiveness, socializing, and expanding socially significant connections. Events aimed at involving student youth in sports and a healthy lifestyle are proposed. In particular, the use of experience from RUDN university, where coworking spaces (comfort zones) have been created, providing students with the opportunity to relax, gain useful information, socialize with friends, and cope with tension or stress.","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the question of socialization of the person as a strategic goal of the system of general and vocational education","authors":"Victor P. Sradzhev, Olga O. Borozdina","doi":"10.20339/am.10-23.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.10-23.008","url":null,"abstract":"Future of Russia depends on the reform of education. Therefore, there is an active search for ways to solve this fateful task. The most important condition for the success of this process is the choice of a conceptual framework capable of becoming the organizing and guiding force of the reform. Fragmented in parts, education must be assembled into a single system capable of adequately fulfilling the social order of society. The theory of functional systems, developed by Academician P.K. Anokhin, can act as a methodological basis for the reform process. The core of his theory is to obtain a result through the interaction of its components. This initiates the need to determine the desired result, which at the initial stage acts as a goal. The goal-result serves as the unifying mechanism that turns disparate components into a functional system. In our time, the world is changing so rapidly that the education of a new person becomes the most important strategic task of society and the state. Therefore, the result of the activity of education, as a functional system, is the socialization of the individual. This concept is widely used in the literature. But in this case, it is of an expansive nature, since along with the education of the worldview basis of a person, it also includes professional training suitable for achieving a decent standard of living in society. The most important conditions for reforming education in Russia are: 1) a rigorous scientific approach to creating an education model built on an adequate conceptual basis; 2) smart, responsible, professional political will of the state, which manifests itself not in the form of formally voiced catchy slogans — “education needs to be reformed”, but in the creation of a special management mechanism that is functionally capable of organizing large-scale scientific research to solve the problems of reforming education in the country.","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern university as quantorium and universum: Educational worlds of noospheric history","authors":"Dmitry G. Smirnov","doi":"10.20339/am.10-23.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.10-23.017","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the problems of extreme transitivity of the modern university education as a competition between two historically established strategies — classical university (university as a universe of knowledge) and polytechnic (quantorium) university. The idea is substantiated that the co-evolution of the biosphere, sociosphere and technosphere, reflected in the global mosaic educational space, generates competition between various variations of the university consciousness and worldview. It is shown that the intellectual university history, as the information revolution unfolds, is gradually turning into a noospheric history, which assumes the explosive nature of the global human revolution in the 21st century. The conclusion is made about the formation of developed forms of “university cephalization” of humanity within the framework of university models of hybrid co-evolution of natural mind and artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"University Philosophy today: Teacher’s perspective","authors":"Nina I. Lobanova","doi":"10.20339/am.10-23.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.10-23.066","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the current situation in the field of teaching philosophy in non-core (non-philosophical) areas of study. The article consists of two parts. The first part is a brief overview of the transformations that philosophy teaching has undergone in the post-Soviet period: in addition to analyzing the substantive and methodological transformations of the university philosophy course, changes in attitudes and educational practices used by teachers to introduce students to philosophical knowledge, various strategies for teaching philosophy are also considered. The second part examines the work programs regulating the teaching of this discipline, assesses the degree of their methodological and substantive innovation (compared with the previous Soviet period).","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth slang in students’ speech: Role in communication, scale of distribution, causes and peculiarities of usage","authors":"Sergei L. Talanov","doi":"10.20339/am.10-23.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.10-23.106","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the reasons, peculiarities of usage, role in communication, and the extent of spread of youth slang among students. In 2023, the author conducted a survey and testing of students and graduate students from universities in the Central Federal District in order to study their knowledge of everyday and student slang, as well as their knowledge of Russian language spelling and punctuation. It was found that slang is one of the important elements (attributes) of a student's social status, as it demonstrates belonging to a specific group and indicates the position a person occupies in the university hierarchy. Slang allows to describe everyday reality in the most concise, accessible, emotional and comprehensive way, while expressing one's attitude towards it (event, action, etc.). Additionally, it has been established that girls (who know slang) have a similar level of slang proficiency as boys, but unlike boys, they tend to use it less in everyday practice. It has been revealed that girls avoid using non-academic slang when communicating with boys, although they are perfectly capable of using it. Instead, they prefer actively using slang related to the educational process, rather than describing reality beyond its limits. It has been found that one of the main reasons for the rapid appearance of new words in youth slang is the swift adoption of borrowings from English, French, and other foreign languages, as well as active borrowing of words after watching foreign movies and listening to foreign music. Out-of-town students possess a different range of slang and jargon than those who study in universities in their own city. As a result, an exchange of slang and jargon takes place. Students, regardless of their field of study, mostly use slang related to the educational process, rather than everyday life. Girls, more than boys, use slang terms that express qualities of a person. Students and undergraduates of different nationalities use different slang words and jargon. It was revealed that students from different regions of Russia are familiar with different slang expressions, which creates certain difficulties and complicates interpersonal communication during their adaptation on the first year of studies. It has been established that the majority of girls, unlike boys, prefer to use jargon and slang with positive or neutral connotations rather than negative ones. The research shows that students who frequently use slang and jargon in their everyday activities (outside of studying) have lower academic performance compared to those who use slang less. In conclusion, the author suggests implementing measures aimed at studying the Russian language and literature among students.","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditions of digital socialization of students of a regional humanitarian university","authors":"Yuri V. Shmarion, Аnastasiia V. Zemlyanskaya","doi":"10.20339/am.10-23.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.10-23.087","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the process of socialization of students of the humanities university. Special attention is paid to the conditions of digital socialization of young people. The results and data analysis of the conducted sociological research are presented.","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On one of the aspects of training subject-matter specialists in modern linguistic universities","authors":"Svetlana N. Rybkina","doi":"10.20339/am.09-23.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.09-23.068","url":null,"abstract":"The article identifies the factors that determine the need to expand the scope of linguistic and intercultural competencies of subject-matter specialists — translators or interpreters and teachers of foreign languages trained in linguistic universities, towards multilingualism and multiculturalism. The relevance of addressing this topic is due to professional activities of the named subject-matter specialists in the conditions of polyglossia, which is characteristic both for educational and scientific environment of recent decades, and for the sphere of international and interstate relations. Author names the main circumstances associated with the organization of teaching foreign languages in modern universities. These circumstances, from her point of view, hinder implementation of shift towards multilingualism and multiculturalism in training the above named specialists. The solution of the outlined problem, according to the author, is primarily associated with governmental regulation in this area, as well as taking into account international experience in studying foreign languages and applying best methods for teaching them in conditions of university polyglossia.","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy lifestyle: Self-preserving behavior of students of the Central Federal District","authors":"Lyudmila N. Vdovina","doi":"10.20339/am.09-23.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.09-23.029","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the level of self-preservation behavior and reveals the attitude of students of a number of universities of the Central Federal District to a healthy lifestyle. The author conducted a questionnaire and a series of in-depth interviews. It was found that girls are better informed than boys about the basic parameters of their health. Most of them, unlike young men, strive to follow a proper diet and eat healthy food every day. Girls, to a greater extent than boys, observe a normal healthy sleep regime, although insomnia is especially characteristic for students of technical universities, both girls and boys. It is determined that the causes of nervous breakdowns in girls are greater than in boys. They are more worried because of problems in personal relationships (unrequited love, etc.), as well as because of everyday troubles, educational and material difficulties. Unfortunately, it has been revealed that about one third of students, including medical university students, drink alcohol once a week. One fourth of the respondents drink alcohol 1–2 times a month, including medical students. According to the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that, in general, university students are mostly involved in physical activity, they are interested in sports. At the same time, girls, regardless of age and the material well-being of the family, take their health more seriously than boys, which is due to the peculiarities of their primary socialization. According to the results of the conducted research, the author suggests a number of measures for the development of self-preservation among students.","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education of tolerant attitude of design students to the needs of different age groups of the population","authors":"Nadezhda S. Zhdanova","doi":"10.20339/am.09-23.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.09-23.072","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the experience of fostering a tolerant attitude of students-future designers in the process of designing interiors for people of different age groups. Many years of experience show that most of the students try to take for designing the life situation that they know best, that is, their age group. The expansion of the age limits of consumers ensures not only the deepening of all project competencies, but also allows the educational process to be carried out: to form a tolerant attitude towards the characteristics of people. The process of implementation of design projects provides an active and varied activity of students, which stimulates the positive development of the individual.","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"681 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The system of pedagogical assessment in higher education: from formalized to creative approach","authors":"Elena S. Vylkova","doi":"10.20339/am.09-23.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.09-23.015","url":null,"abstract":"In modern conditions, the development strategy of the domestic system of higher education involves a focus on the harmonious development of the individual and his creative abilities. However, the current system of pedagogical assessment in most universities, based on a point-rating system for assessing the knowledge, skills and abilities of students, is excessively formalized. The problem is that there is an urgent need to give the point-rating system a more creative content. The methods of research are the analysis of publications on the subject of the point-rating system and the identification of white spots in this subject field. An option is proposed to supplement the existing system of pedagogical assessment in higher education with a system of markers of students’ achievements, with their conversion at the end of the semester into bonus points. Such a system of fixing the super successes of students is designed to take into account their ability and desire to learn, diligence, interest in mastering new knowledge, breadth of horizons, involvement in the educational process. It also makes it possible to fully implement an individual approach to the assessment of the learning process and its results in relation to each specific student and take into account his various abilities in mastering certain competencies. The transition to an innovative point-bonus system of pedagogical assessment of training and its results allows you to add a creative, creative component to the formalized point-rating, as well as to any other assessment system. When introducing a point-bonus system in institutions of higher education, it is required to take into account their features based on the specifics of the areas of training, specialties and specializations, the region of the location of the university and other factors. In the context of a changing world and pedagogical paradigms, the point-bonus system of pedagogical assessment is designed to contribute to the improvement of higher education in Russia in the direction of the formation of a creative and creative personality of the teacher.","PeriodicalId":485724,"journal":{"name":"Алма матер","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}