Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Decoding the OR Black Box and Similar Technologies and Considerations in Otolaryngologic Surgery.","authors":"Selene C Li, Andrew Bain, Donald Tan, Hongzhao Ji","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To introduce the concept and provide a unifying framework for multimodal intraoperative data-capturing technologies and to describe their role in otolaryngology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review synthesizes the current evidence and developments on intraoperative data-gathering technologies. It introduces the framework of Multimodal Operating-room Data Acquisition and Leveraging (MODAL) systems, which integrate data from surgical equipment, physiologic monitors, electronic health records, and ambient audiovisual sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emerging multimodal data-capturing technologies are now enabling systematic collection and analysis of OR data to improve safety, quality, and efficiency in surgery. Otolaryngology is particularly well suited to adopt MODAL systems, given its large volume of video-based procedures such as endoscopic sinus surgery, most forms of ear surgery, airway surgery, and transoral robotic surgery. MODAL technologies have demonstrated value in intraoperative checklist compliance, surgical education, and postoperative safety analysis. There is also growing potential for real-time decision support through computer vision and artificial intelligence integration. Despite the growing adoption of these technologies, the terminology, implementation methods, and governance frameworks are not well standardized. The implementation of MODAL systems also requires attention to patient and physician privacy, data governance, technical infrastructure, and collaboration among providers, informaticists, and institutional leaders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the current scope of MODAL systems is limited, their capabilities are evolving. Within otolaryngology, these technologies hold the most promise for video-intensive subspecialties. However, realizing their full benefits will require carefully planned institutional policy, governance, and continued refinement.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>5.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 ","pages":"e70400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Access to Otolaryngologic Care: The Growing Role of Advanced Practice Providers in Medicare.","authors":"George S Bebawy, Aarav S Patel, Aman M Patel","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate national trends in Advanced Practice Provider (APP) participation in Otolaryngology (ear-nose-throat [ENT]) care and assess their role in improving access to ENT services within the Medicare population from 2018 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data from 2018 to 2022, including the Physician and Other Supplier Detailed and Aggregate Files. We examined 25 ENT-relevant CPT codes for provider type, procedural volume, and Medicare reimbursement. Providers were categorized as either ENTs or APPs based on their reported formal specialty designation. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and regression analyses were utilized to evaluate differences in service delivery, geographic distribution, and provider trends over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2018 and 2022, the number of ENTs declined by 2.1% (95% CI, -2.4% to -1.8%), while the number of APPs increased by 36.1% (95% CI, 35.8%-36.4%). APPs performed an increasing share of ENT procedures, including diagnostic nasal endoscopy, laryngoscopy, and sinus debridement, and were more likely to practice in rural areas. APP participation grew across all U.S. regions. Although ENTs maintained higher mean procedural volumes and reimbursement rates, APPs demonstrated a broader geographic distribution and expanded independent billing capabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>APPs have become essential contributors to the delivery of ENT care in the United States. Their involvement in procedures and presence in underserved areas highlight their role as an effective strategy to address workforce shortages and improve access to otolaryngologic services.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 ","pages":"e70411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intubated COVID-19 Patients More Likely to Develop Subglottic Stenosis.","authors":"Deepthi S Akella, Beatrice R Bacon, Hardeep S Tiwana, Gaayathri Varavenkataraman, Lauren A DiNardo, Mattie R Rosi-Schumacher, Michele M Carr","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Acquired subglottic stenosis (SGS) is commonly caused by prolonged intubation and elevated cuff pressures. Severe COVID-19 patients requiring extended ventilation are at higher risk of laryngotracheal injury. However, SGS incidence in COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 patients remains underexplored. To compare the incidence of SGS and frequency of subglottic dilation procedures following intubation in patients with or without a history of recent COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing the TriNetX database, queries were conducted for adult patients intubated between January 20, 2020 and December 31, 2023. Demographics, comorbidities, and COVID-19 infection histories were collected. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on their COVID-19 status < 2 weeks prior to hospitalization and propensity-score matched for demographics and comorbidities. Incidence of SGS and frequency of subglottic dilation/tracheostomy procedures occurring during the same hospitalization as the patient's intubation were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 105,443 COVID+ and 79,848 COVID- patients had histories of intubation. After matching, each cohort had 70,000 patients; 39% (<i>N</i> = 54,661) female, 58.5% (<i>N</i> = 81,852) male. Mean age at time of intubation was 57 years. COVID+ patients were more likely to develop SGS, odds ratio (OR) 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.5; <i>p</i> = 0.0004), and more likely to undergo tracheostomy, OR = 1.2 (95% CI = 1.1-1.2; <i>p</i> < 0.001). COVID+ patients with SGS were more likely to undergo subglottic dilation procedures, OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.7; <i>p</i> = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the number of dilation procedures or mortality rates between cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intubated patients with COVID-19 were more likely to develop SGS than those without infection and were more likely to require invasive procedures to address complications of long-term intubation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 ","pages":"e70421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Reflux Symptom Severity and Sleep Quality in Patients With Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Deniz Baklacı, Bekir Doğan","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between reflux symptom severity and sleep quality in patients diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study included 153 patients aged 20-75 years who were diagnosed with LPR at our clinic. Reflux symptom severity was measured using the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), and sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Demographic characteristics, RSI scores, and PSQI total and subcomponent scores were analyzed. Correlations between the RSI and PSQI total and subcomponent scores were evaluated using Spearman's correlation test. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent association between RSI and PSQI scores while adjusting for age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 153 patients (84 females, 69 males) with a mean age of 49.1 ± 12.8 years. The mean RSI total score was 20.7 ± 4.6, and the mean PSQI total score was 6.8 ± 1.5. RSI and PSQI were weakly but significantly correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.37); age and RSI showed a moderate to strong correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.59); and age and PSQI were weakly correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.23) (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Among the PSQI subcomponents, the strongest correlations with the RSI were observed for daytime dysfunction (<i>r</i> = 0.34) and sleep efficiency (<i>r</i> = 0.31). No significant differences in the RSI or PSQI scores were found between the sexes. In the multivariate model, the RSI total score remained a significant independent predictor of poor sleep quality (<i>β</i> = 0.36, <i>p</i> < 0.001) whereas age was not a significant predictor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LPR symptom severity was significantly associated with impaired sleep quality, particularly in the domains of sleep efficiency and daytime functioning. Routine assessment of sleep quality in patients with LPR may enhance the treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 ","pages":"e70417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Microsurgical Simulator for Laryngeal Surgery: A Novel Training Device.","authors":"Yihui Wen, Jie Deng, Wenbin Lei","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70412","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lio2.70412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a modular, low-cost, and anatomically realistic microsurgical simulator for endolaryngeal training, including CO₂ laser procedures and microsuturing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a dual-module simulator consisting of a laryngeal specimen fixation unit and a flexible laryngoscope holder. The device accommodates porcine larynges and enables adjustable exposure and instrument manipulation under microscopic or exoscopic visualization. Junior and senior otolaryngologists performed standardized tasks, including subepithelial vocal fold dissection, microsuturing, and CO₂ laser cordectomy. Participants completed a post-session Likert-scale survey assessing realism, usability, and perceived educational value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty one otolaryngologists evaluated the simulator. Across survey items, mean scores ranged from 4.29 to 4.95 (SD: 0.22-0.78), with 81.0%-100% agreement (Likert ≥ 4). Perceived training benefit was highest for hand-eye coordination (4.95 ± 0.22, 100%), basic instrumentation for microscopic laser surgery (4.95 ± 0.22, 100%), and bimanual dexterity (4.90 ± 0.30, 100%). Overall satisfaction with the model was high (4.71 ± 0.46, 100%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This novel modular porcine-larynx simulator provides a practical platform for microlaryngeal skills training with high user-rated realism and educational utility. Its simple design, affordability, and adaptability may facilitate broader implementation in surgical education.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>4.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 ","pages":"e70412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13090165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Tracheostomy on Dysphagia in Children.","authors":"Antara Gupta, Seckin O Ulualp, Ashley B Brown, Felicity Lenes-Voit, Cynthia Wang, Ron B Mitchell","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70410","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lio2.70410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the characteristics of dysphagia in children with tracheostomy and determine the effect of tracheostomy tubes on swallowing function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review on demographics, past medical history, and swallowing function of children who underwent tracheostomy. Video fluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) and flexible endoscopic evaluation swallowing reports were utilized to define swallowing abnormalities. Prevalence of swallowing abnormalities, penetration aspiration scale, and functional oral intake scores were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test, chi-square, and McNemar's tests. A <i>p</i> < 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 194 (37%) of the 525 children had symptom-based dysphagia before and 282 (54%) had symptom-based dysphagia after tracheostomy placement (<i>p</i> < 0.001). VFSS was performed in 65 children before tracheostomy and 225 children after tracheostomy. The rate of oral phase impairment (88%) was higher than swallow triggering (53%), pharyngeal phase (67%), and esophageal phase (2%) impairment after tracheostomy (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Rates of penetration (28% vs. 16%) and aspiration (28% vs. 17%) were higher with thin than thick liquids after surgery (<i>p</i> = 0.002). In 25 children who had VFSS before and after tracheostomy, rates of abnormal swallow triggering (40% to 80%, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and thick liquid penetration (12% to 40%, <i>p</i> = 0.008) increased significantly after tracheostomy. Penetration aspiration scale score decreased in 14 children. FOIS score increased in 21.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dysphagia is a common symptom in children requiring tracheostomy. Oral intake and penetration-aspiration severity improve in most children after tracheostomy. Clinicians should be cognizant of persistent swallowing dysfunction after tracheostomy to prevent the respiratory and nutritional consequences of dysphagia.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>4.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Resident Frontal Sinusotomy Education With Three-Dimensional Surgical Planning Software.","authors":"Andrew Kelly, Li-Xing Man, Matthew M Carter, Isaac L Schmale","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Frontal sinusotomy remains a technically challenging component of resident training in endoscopic sinus surgery. We hypothesize that the use of three-dimensional (3D) surgical planning software improves resident performance, as measured by blinded supervising surgeon evaluations. This study aims to assess whether 3D planning software enhances resident performance during frontal sinusotomy in live surgical cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective trial involving unblinded self-evaluations and blinded evaluations from supervising surgeons. Participants alternated between an experimental and control arm. Participants were residents from their second through fifth year of residency, with a total of 9 participants included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one frontal sinusotomies were included. More challenging and less challenging cases were separated for analysis. Among more challenging procedures, blinded attendings rated resident performance on a scale of 1 to 100 on a number of parameters. They reported residents using 3D planning software were more prepared (77.1 vs. 67.3, <i>p</i> = 0.047), more atraumatic (78.2 vs. 59.1, <i>p</i> = 0.002), better cannulated the frontal sinus (77.0 vs. 51.5, <i>p</i> = 0.008), and participated in more of the procedure (53.6% vs. 30.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.05). On self-evaluations, residents reported they were more prepared (82.6 vs. 55.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001), better cannulated the frontal sinus (77.9 vs. 47.4, <i>p</i> = 0.013), and better identified the frontal sinus drainage pathway on computed tomography imaging (82.1 vs. 51.9, <i>p</i> = 0.001) when utilizing 3D planning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resident performance in frontal sinusotomy was significantly improved when they prepared with 3D planning software prior to challenging frontal sinusotomy cases.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>2.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Acid-Free Reflux on Vocal Cord Granuloma.","authors":"Xiao-Hong Liu, Yin Qiang, Meng Xie, Nan Cao, Yu-Xi Yan, Jia-Wen Zhao, Jia-Le Ren, Hua-Nan Luo","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the types and characteristics of acid-free reflux in vocal cord granuloma (VCG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the VCG patients and those with benign unilateral vocal cord lesions between October 2017 and January 2025. Prior to treatment, all patients underwent 24-h hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (HEMII-pH) monitoring, high-resolution esophageal manometry assessment, and electronic laryngoscopy examination. Furhermore, granuloma tissue samples from the VCG patients were obtained for detection of pepsin, pepsinogen A, pepsinogen C and trypsin, using immunohistochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of the VCG group experiencing acid-free reflux was significantly higher than that observed in the benign lesion group (65.57% ± 23.26% vs. 30.43% ± 18.53%, <i>t</i> = 4.134, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) length in the VCG group was significantly shorter than that in the benign lesion group (2.25 cm vs. 2.60 cm, <i>Z</i> = -1.977, <i>p</i> = 0.047). Additionally, no pepsin expression was detected in any granuloma tissue samples. However, both pepsinogen A and pepsinogen C were positively expressed. Notably, the percentage of pepsinogen A-positive cells in granuloma tissue exhibited a significant positive correlation with the size of the granulomas in the VCG patients (<i>r</i> = 0.691, <i>p</i> = 0.027).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acid-free reflux could potentially play a significant role in the development of granulomas in VCG patients.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>4.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13080264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Changes in Olfactory Threshold During Rehabilitation After Total Laryngectomy: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Yumi Yamaguchi, Toshiro Umezaki, Daisuke Murakami, Takeshi Murakami, Yoshikazu Kikuchi, Nobuyuki Sato, Motohiro Sawatsubashi, Kazuo Adachi, Mioko Matsuo, Takashi Nakagawa","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the time-dependent changes in olfactory threshold and identification ability during olfactory rehabilitation in patients who had undergone laryngectomy and to investigate the recovery process for different odor types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen patients who underwent laryngectomy participated in olfactory rehabilitation using the nasal airflow-inducing maneuver (NAIM). Olfactory function was assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-NAIM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 19 participants, 12 (63.1%) continued the program for 6 months, whereas 8 (42.1%) completed the 12-month assessment. The mean olfactory threshold improved from 2.7 at baseline to -1.5 at 12 months, reaching normal levels by 1 month. The recognition threshold (identification ability) improved from 4.1 at baseline to -0.3 at 12 months, with significant recovery observed by 3 months. Odor-specific recovery patterns varied: Isovaleric acid showed improvement at 1 month; methyl cyclopentenolone, γ-undecalactone, and skatole at 3 months; and β-phenylethyl alcohol at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients who underwent laryngectomy, the olfactory thresholds recovered earlier than the identification abilities. The rate of recovery differed among odor types, with more rapid improvement observed for odors of physiological importance, such as putrid smells.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>4 Laryngoscope, 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13078951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Vocal Cord Paralysis Following Lung Transplantation.","authors":"Wasiq Nadeem, Jordan K Simmons, Missael Vasquez, Alexandra Grossman, Samuel Peterson, Neelaysh Vukkadala, Anca M Barbu","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Vocal fold paralysis or paresis (VCP) is a possible complication of lung transplant surgery. The otolaryngology service is often consulted to evaluate these patients via laryngoscopy and flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). This study aims to quantify vocal fold pathologies via direct visualization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted at a single quaternary medical center over a 3.5-year period, from December 2019 to May 2023. The presence of abnormal laryngoscopic findings in these patients was reviewed with specific descriptions of vocal fold findings reviewed and described in further detail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 78 patients met the inclusion criteria out of 127 lung transplants performed. Of these, 46 patients (59.0%) were found to have abnormal laryngoscopy findings on inpatient examination. Average time from the date of transplant to FEES examination was 10.3 days. Thirty-two patients (42.0%) were found to have pathologies at the site of the true vocal folds. Nine patients exhibited new VCP (11.5%), 13 with granuloma (16.7%), six with hemorrhage (7.69%), and four with polyp (5.13%). Only 13 patients (16.7%) followed up with laryngology once discharged.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vocal cord pathologies, including VCP, frequently occur in patients post-lung transplantation. It is vital for the transplant team and laryngologists to monitor and help institute appropriate care and follow-up for these patients.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>2B.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13070352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}