Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Outcomes Between Primary Laryngotracheal Reconstruction and Partial Cricotracheal Resection in Moderate Grade Pediatric Subglottic Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Bigyan Raj Gyawali,&nbsp;Heempali Dutta,&nbsp;Anuj Devkota,&nbsp;Nitin Gyawali,&nbsp;Sangit Chhantyal,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Mishra,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kharel,&nbsp;Karthik Balakrishnan,&nbsp;Douglas Sidell","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis compare the outcomes of primary laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) and partial cricotracheal resection (PCTR) in managing moderate-grade pediatric subglottic stenosis (severe Grade II and Grade III). While both surgical approaches are widely used, no clear consensus exists on the superior technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Scopus following PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting outcomes of LTR and PCTR in pediatric patients (&lt; 18 years) with severe Grade II (&gt; 60%) or Grade III subglottic stenosis were included. The primary outcome was successful extubation or decannulation. Statistical analysis, including pooled prevalence estimates and heterogeneity assessment, was performed using STATA software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 24 studies were included, comprising 193 patients in the LTR group and 88 in the PCTR group. Successful decannulation was achieved in 83.93% of LTR cases and 96.59% of PCTR cases. However, the difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.47). Failed decannulation in both groups was associated with factors such as neurological disorders, severe airway scarring, and coexisting airway anomalies. PCTR demonstrated slightly better functional outcomes in voice and swallowing, whereas LTR was associated with a higher risk of restenosis and revision surgeries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both LTR and PCTR are viable options for moderate-grade pediatric subglottic stenosis, with comparable decannulation success rates. PCTR may offer advantages in functional outcomes, but further research with standardized reporting is necessary to establish an optimal surgical approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>II</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability, Quality of Life and Hearing Function in Patients With Untreated Otosclerosis","authors":"Ylva Dahlin Redfors,&nbsp;Andreas Björsne,&nbsp;Caterina Finizia","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to assess the presentation of otosclerosis in subjects with newly developed hearing loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was part of a prospective study that included subjects with newly diagnosed otosclerosis with the intention to undergo treatment. For comparison, statistical data from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and Statistics Sweden (SCB) were used. The subjects answered questionnaires covering demographic data, the Short Form SF 36 (SF-36), the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile (GHABP) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Pure tone and speech audiometry were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and fifty-eight subjects were included, of whom 62% were women. The mean age was 45.8 years, and women were significantly younger than men were (<i>p</i> value 0.001). Tinnitus was reported by 72%, which was significantly greater than that reported by the general population. The study population had a high level of health-related quality of life. Hearing disability was most often displayed in more challenging listening situations, such as engaging in conversations with several people. The mean hearing level was of moderate severity (mean PTA₄ AC 48 dB HL), with unilateral hearing loss in most cases (bilateral hearing loss; female 32% and male 25%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The otosclerosis cohort had a high level of quality of life despite experiencing hearing disability, especially in challenging listening situations, and a high level of tinnitus when seeking help.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstacles to Obtain Care Among Sexual and Gender Minorities With Chronic Rhinosinusitis","authors":"Faizaan I. Khan,&nbsp;Najm S. Khan,&nbsp;Heli Majeethia,&nbsp;Jihwan Park,&nbsp;Roshan Dongre,&nbsp;Franklin Wu,&nbsp;Ella Brissett,&nbsp;Masayoshi Takashima,&nbsp;Omar G. Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to compare the prevalence of cost and non-cost barriers to healthcare access among sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients and non-SGM patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The All of Us Research Program was queried for CRS patients, defined as having at least two diagnoses of chronic sinusitis (ICD10: J32.x). Patients were categorized based on questions regarding gender identity, biological sex, and self-descriptions. The primary outcome was cost and non-cost barriers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine SGM status and experiencing barriers to care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>7708 patients with CRS were included; 595 were SGM and 7113 were non-SGM. SGM patients were significantly more likely to delay primary care (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09–2.11), specialist care (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.18–2.00), mental healthcare (AOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.29–2.24), and filling prescription medication (AOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03–1.66). Regarding non-cost barriers, SGM patients were significantly more likely to delay care because of transportation problems (AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.39–2.42), their provider having a different background (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.14–1.90) and due to a lack of respect by their providers (AOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.16–1.73).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SGM patients with CRS report multiple cost and non-cost barriers. While differences between CRS and non-CRS groups were modest, rhinologists and other healthcare practitioners treating SGM patients with CRS should be mindful of these disparities to address these barriers at a patient and system level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Level III, 2025.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in an Immunocompetent Patient With West Nile Encephalitis","authors":"Raj Malhotra,&nbsp;Barrie Schmitt,&nbsp;Ken Tyler,&nbsp;Yuri Agrawal","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a frequently encountered condition that is often idiopathic but may be precipitated by infection. Neuroinvasive disease resulting from West Nile virus (WNV) is a rare cause of SSNHL, typically affecting immunocompromised patients and generally associated with minimal hearing recovery. We present a case of an immunocompetent woman who was diagnosed with SSNHL in the setting of a WNV infection and showed significant hearing improvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Case report and literature review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 55-year-old immunocompetent female presented to our Otolaryngology office after several visits to the emergency department for worsening disequilibrium and new onset bilateral hearing loss. An audiogram demonstrated bilateral SNHL. After a thorough inpatient evaluation for hematologic, oncologic, immunologic, and infectious etiologies, CSF and serum IgG and IgM antibodies to WNV were elevated. The patient was managed conservatively and, at follow-up, endorsed significant hearing improvement that was reflected on her repeat audiogram.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SSNHL in patients with neuroinvasive WNV is extremely rare, with only a small number of previously reported cases. WNV should be considered as a cause of SSNHL in the US, especially during the late summer and fall months. Patients should be counseled on the variable prognosis of the hearing loss, and early discussions regarding cochlear implantation should be pursued for patients without significant recovery of profound hearing loss.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Level of Evidence</b>: IV</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI Enhancement Patterns After Resection of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: Comparing Retrosigmoid and Translabyrinthine Approaches","authors":"Olivia La Monte,&nbsp;Joshua Lee,&nbsp;Peter R. Dixon,&nbsp;Omid Moshtaghi,&nbsp;Douglas M. Bennion,&nbsp;Marc Schwartz,&nbsp;Rick Friedman","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One theoretical disadvantage of the retrosigmoid approach is the inability to visualize tumor at the fundus of the internal auditory canal, potentially leading to a higher risk of residual tumor even when the surgeon reports a gross total resection. We sought to compare MRI enhancement patterns and their persistence following retrosigmoid and translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults aged ≥ 18 years old who underwent translabyrinthine or retrosigmoid approaches for resection of a sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) at a single tertiary care institution were eligible for inclusion in this cohort study. Patterns of enhancement on postoperative MRI, when present, were qualitatively described as linear or nodular. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for tumor size and resection extent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After surgeon-reported gross total resection, linear enhancement was present in 24/141 (17.0%) and nodular enhancement in 2/141 (1.4%) cases. Both patterns showed high rates of spontaneous resolution, with 3/24 (12.5%) of linear enhancements persisting on ≥ 2 scans and no nodular enhancements (0/2) persisting. Among patients with less than gross total resection, when present, nodular enhancement was more likely to persist (3/5, 60.0%) than linear enhancement (3/8, 38.0%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Approach was not associated with odds of nodular enhancement (OR for retrosigmoid vs. translabyrinthine 0.36, 95% Cl 0.05–1.89, <i>p</i> = 0.2). Similarly, surgical approach was not significantly associated with linear enhancement (<i>p</i> = 0.41). Surgeon-reported gross total resection was associated with reduced odds of nodular enhancement for translabyrinthine (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.00–0.63, <i>p</i> = 0.04) but not retrosigmoid (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.00–2.76, <i>p</i> = 0.13).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postoperative enhancement typically resolves after gross total resection, but when present, surgeon-reported resection extent is a key predictor of persistence. However, our findings suggest that in retrosigmoid cases—where limited visualization of the fundus may increase the risk of residual tumor—surgeon reports of gross total resection may be less reliable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residency Rewired: An Analysis of Otolaryngology Residency Programs on Websites and Social Media","authors":"Delaney E. S. Clark,&nbsp;Evan S. Pistone,&nbsp;Hannah Luk,&nbsp;Arati Bendapudi,&nbsp;Brian McKinnon","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate all ACGME-accredited otolaryngology residency programs by reviewing websites and social media to determine if there is a correlation between program ranking and online presence. Findings will identify key considerations for perceived program reputation and areas of improvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was a cross-sectional analysis of programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study took place between April and June 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four independent reviewers evaluated the program websites using an online tool that assessed each program on both recruitment and education criteria; composite scores were used for the data analysis. A second section of the evaluation tool analyzed the social media presence of the residency programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Programs were grouped based on the latest Doximity program ranking in groups of 25, with Group 1 being the top 25 and Group 5 being the bottom 25 plus unranked programs. Programs in Group 5 had worse website evaluation scores (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) as well as social media overall scores (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, programs in the west had the highest average social media scores (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that programs with a lower Doximity program ranking typically have a worse online presence, with the recruitment section being the worst score. Most ENT residency program evaluation literature dates to the COVID-19 pandemic; our hope is for this study to bring a new perspective to program leadership and how their online presence might affect applicant perception of the program when they are choosing which ones they may apply to.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Level of Evidence:</b> N/A.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Single-Side Deafness on Listening Effort: A Prospective Comparative Study","authors":"Wenwen Su,&nbsp;Yuqi Xia,&nbsp;Caifeng Xia,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Yanmei Zhang,&nbsp;Yuhe Liu","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-sided deafness (SSD) impairs sound source localization and speech recognition in noisy environments, requiring greater listening effort from affected individuals. Using pupillometry, this study aimed to investigate listening effort across two cognitive dimensions: selective attention and working memory in patients with SSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-six participants were divided into a unilateral deafness (SSD) group and a normal hearing (NH) group. They completed two tests involving word and sentence recognition tasks, with accuracy and pupil diameter changes serving as indicators of listening effort and cognitive resource allocation. The main pupillary indices calculated and analyzed were baseline pupil diameter, peak value, and mean diameter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that auditory threshold and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) significantly influenced the accuracy of behavior. Pupillometry results for selective attention revealed a progressive increase in pupil diameter in the SSD group after the alert period of listening, with levels significantly higher than that of the NH group. During working memory tasks, participants with SSD demonstrated an initial increase in pupil diameter, followed by a decline throughout the task, suggesting persistent cognitive strain and potential fatigue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with SSD exert greater listening effort during daily communication. The findings emphasize the importance of personalized rehabilitation strategies targeting speech perception and auditory comfort to enhance communication outcomes and overall well-being for patients with SSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>4</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State of Exercise-Based Dysphagia Intervention in the Literature: A Scoping Review","authors":"Claire Crossman,&nbsp;Serena Piol,&nbsp;D'manda Price,&nbsp;Kelly Veit,&nbsp;Sonja M. Molfenter","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exercise-based interventions for dysphagia are frequently recommended in the clinical setting. We aim to characterize the state of the dysphagia treatment literature to provide a high-level overview on four domains: Study characteristics, patient populations, exercise characteristics, and outcome measures reported. This review acts as an initial step in analyzing the proposed gap between research and clinical practice patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A search strategy was executed across five databases to capture publications evaluating the impact of exercise-based interventions on swallow function. After removing duplicates, 20,583 abstracts were screened for inclusion, with 505 studies eligible for full-text review. After applying exclusionary criteria, information was extracted from 204 publications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results indicate that studies are predominantly prospective (88%) and often randomized controlled trials (44%) typically completed in the outpatient setting (59%). Most studies represent homogenous patient groups (88%) with an average age of 64 years. Exercise paradigms average 40 days in length. Forty-six target exercises are reported, with Effortful Swallow being the most common (37%). Forty percent of studies evaluate the efficacy of a single exercise in isolation, followed by a combination approach of 4+ exercises (34%) and 2–3 exercises (26%). Thirty-seven different therapeutic devices are reported. Most (65%) studies use instrumental examinations to evaluate treatment efficacy, with 52 unique methods for analysis reported. Further, over 100 unique clinical outcome measures are reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This scoping review highlights many relative strengths in the dysphagia treatment literature (e.g., on parameters related to study design and outcome measures). At the same time, the findings suggest that there is significantly less literature to extrapolate to typical clinical caseloads and practice patterns with respect to patient characteristics, care settings, and exercise characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>I, scoping review of available evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induced Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Rats Leads to Secondary Changes in Sinonasal Microbiota","authors":"Fernanda Barriga-Chambi,&nbsp;Fabricio Ccami-Bernal,&nbsp;Frank Zela-Coila,&nbsp;Marial Hernandez-Caycho,&nbsp;Claudia Mares-Cuadros,&nbsp;Marcos Salas-Palma,&nbsp;Jorge Ballón-Echegaray,&nbsp;Renato Torres","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The microbiota may play a role in maintaining and perpetuating inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aimed to induce CRS in rats and evaluate microbiota composition compared to controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixteen male Wistar rats were used. Eight rats received intranasal instillations of <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> protease and ovalbumin three times weekly for 12 weeks (CRS group). The remaining eight received PBS (control group) under the same conditions. At week 13, microbiological samples were surgically collected, and the rats were euthanized. Microbiological cultures for aerobic, anaerobic bacteria and fungi were performed, and colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Relative abundance was analyzed at the phylum and genus levels, and species richness was assessed using the Chao1 index. Histopathological analysis evaluated mucosal, vascular, and epithelial changes to confirm chronic inflammation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Histopathological changes were more frequent in the CRS group compared to controls, especially mucosal changes (100% vs. 25%; <i>p</i> = 0.01, Chi-square test). Firmicutes were more abundant in CRS rats (60.3% vs. 38.4%), driven by an increase in <i>Staphylococcus</i> (33.6% vs. 77.7%). Species richness was higher in the CRS group (Chao1: 85.0 ± 23.3 [61.7–108.3]) compared to controls (31.3 ± 9.0 [22.2–40.3]; <i>p</i> = 0.004; Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic inflammation induces significant microbiota changes, with an increase of species richness in the CRS group. These findings suggest microbiota shifts may result from inflammatory environments rather than being the primary cause.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Basic science.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nationwide Review of Pediatric Total Thyroidectomy and Lobectomy Outcomes","authors":"Zina Jawadi,&nbsp;Laith Mukdad,&nbsp;Josef Madrigal,&nbsp;Alisha West,&nbsp;Maie St. John","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pediatric thyroid cancer (PTC) exhibits unique differences in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes compared to adult thyroid cancer. In 2015, the American Thyroid Association released inaugural recommendations for pediatric thyroid nodules and cancer management. Significant increases in thyroid lobectomy for PTC have since been reported. This study represents the largest nationwide analysis comparing characteristics and clinical outcomes in pediatric total thyroidectomy (TT) and thyroid lobectomy (TL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) from 2010 to 2019 was performed. The study population included pediatric (&lt; 18 years) patients undergoing TT and TL. Thyroidectomy procedures were classified using ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-PCS procedure codes, which do not distinguish between initial (primary) lobectomy and completion thyroidectomy. Due to coding limitations, the TL group includes both initial and completion lobectomies. Data were analyzed in September 2022. Primary outcomes included complication rates, hospitalization length of stay (LOS), costs, and 30-day readmission rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3793 patients were included. 72.4% underwent TT, and 27.6% had TL. Median age was 15; 78% were female. Surgical indications included thyroid cancer (43%), toxic thyroid disease (28%), benign disease (24%), and MEN 2A/B (4%). Risk of postoperative hypocalcemia was significantly increased in TT (25%) compared to TL (11%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). LOS was significantly increased in TT (2 days) compared to TL (1) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Median total costs were higher in TT ($12,900) than in TL ($9700) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Thirty-day non-elective readmission rate was 2% for TT and 0% for TL (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study represents the largest nationwide analysis comparing pediatric total thyroidectomy and lobectomy to date, revealing TL's association with reduced postoperative hypocalcemia, LOS, cost, and readmission risk. As pediatric thyroid management patterns continue to change, this study provides critical information to guide management and decision-making, improving patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>III.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}