Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Correction to “Assessment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: Development of the Nasal Polyp Patient Assessment Scoring Sheet Tool”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reference 20 — National Comparative Audit of Surgery for Nasal Polyposis and Rhinosinusitis, Royal College of Surgeons of England. SINO-NASAL OUTCOME TEST (SNOT-22). https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/sites.wustl.edu/dist/1/3538/files/2022/06/English_United-States_S22_2019-12-24_Review-Only.pdf. Accessed February 28, 2025.</p><p>A disclaimer stating “<i>All rights reserved. Copyright 2006. Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri</i>.” has been added to the SNOT-22 tool to ensure compliance with the copyright clause of Washington University.</p><p>Link: https://otolaryngologyoutcomesresearch.wustl.edu/research/clinical-research/sinusitus/sino-nasal-outcome-tests-snot/.</p><p>Reference 20 — National Comparative Audit of Surgery for Nasal Polyposis and Rhinosinusitis, Royal College of Surgeons of England. SINO-NASAL OUTCOME TEST (SNOT-22). https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/sites.wustl.edu/dist/1/3538/files/2022/06/English_United-States_S22_2019-12-24_Review-Only.pdf. Accessed February 28, 2025.</p><p>Reference 21 (previously 20 and updated to 21) — Toma S, Hopkins C. Stratification of SNOT-22 scores into mild, moderate or severe and relationship with other subjective instruments. <i>Rhinology</i>. 2016;54(2):129–133. doi:10.4193/Rhino15.072.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otolaryngology Workforce Projections in the United States, 2021–2036","authors":"Lorik Berisha,&nbsp;Aman M. Patel,&nbsp;Alan Nguyen,&nbsp;Roshan V. Patel,&nbsp;Sapan M. Patel,&nbsp;Hassaam S. Choudhry,&nbsp;Rohini Bahethi,&nbsp;David W. Wassef,&nbsp;Paul T. Cowan,&nbsp;Ghayoour S. Mir,&nbsp;Andrey Filimonov","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To analyze projections of otolaryngology workforce supply and demand in the U.S. from 2021 to 2036.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Otolaryngology workforce projection data from the Bureau of Health Workforce (BHW), Health Resources and Services Administration's (HRSA) Health Workforce Simulation Model (HWSM), and National Center for Health Workforce Analysis (NCHWA) were collected and analyzed to project supply versus demand from 2021 to 2036. The adequacy of the projected otolaryngology workforce, measured as the supply–demand ratio, was the main outcome measurement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2021, it was assumed that the supply of otolaryngologists matched the demand. From 2021 to 2036, the total otolaryngologist supply is projected to decrease from 11,800 full-time equivalents (FTEs) to 11,620 FTEs, a 1.5% decline, while total demand is projected to increase by 1050 FTEs (8.9% increase) to 12,850 FTEs. This projects a growing shortfall of 1230 FTEs, resulting in 90.4% workforce adequacy. The projected adequacy is geographically disparate, with 98% workforce adequacy in metropolitan areas versus 35.1% in nonmetropolitan areas by 2036. By this date, otolaryngology is projected to have the third highest rate of workforce adequacy (90.4%) among eight surgical specialties studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Though the HRSA's HWSM predicts a minor shortfall in the otolaryngology workforce supply compared to demand by 2036, the impact on workforce adequacy is significant. Regional variations and scenario outcomes underscore the need for continued research to update these forecasts, which carry important implications for physicians, patients, and policymakers in addressing workforce disparities and ensuring equitable access to otolaryngologic care across the nation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>4.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsurgical Robotic System for Myringoplasty: Feasibility Study","authors":"Tadao Yoshida,&nbsp;Masumi Kobayashi,&nbsp;Tomohito Okubo,&nbsp;Naoyuki Hatayama,&nbsp;Shun Otsuka,&nbsp;Kazuhito Wakana,&nbsp;Hirofumi Owaki,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Matsuda,&nbsp;Kei Mikami,&nbsp;Munekazu Naito","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Otological surgery requires exceptional precision and advanced surgical skills, particularly for procedures involving the tympanic membrane and middle ear structures. Microsurgical robotic systems have shown promise in enhancing surgical accuracy by minimizing tissue trauma and enabling remote operations. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a microsurgical telerobotic system for performing myringoplasty using an animal model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This feasibility study was conducted with five rabbits (10 ears). Two surgeons performed myringoplasty using a microsurgical robot to create tympanic membrane perforations in both ears of the five rabbits. Subcutaneous tissue grafts were subsequently placed robotically to facilitate healing. Surgical video analysis of precision and postoperative observations of the tympanic membranes were conducted. The primary outcomes included (1) accuracy of tympanic membrane perforation and closure, (2) feasibility of robotic-assisted tissue graft placement, and (3) the success rate of tympanic membrane closure over a 2-week period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a microsurgical robot, perforations were successfully created in the pars tensa of the tympanic membranes in 10 ears of five rabbits. Ten weeks after the procedure, the tympanic membrane perforations had closed, with subcutaneous tissue remaining at the repair sites. By week 2, complete closure of all perforation sites was observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of using microsurgical robots for myringoplasty. Robotic systems can be effectively integrated into otological procedures to potentially expand their applications to complex surgeries such as tympanoplasty, stapedotomy, and cochlear implantation. The applicability in humans should be evaluated in future studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>V.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Capital and Pediatric Tracheostomy Outcomes","authors":"Alex Najjar,&nbsp;Jenny Kim,&nbsp;Stephen Chorney,&nbsp;Yann-Fuu Kou,&nbsp;Cynthia Wang,&nbsp;Romaine F. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine pediatric tracheostomy outcomes by social capital as measured through economic connectedness (EC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort of patients (&lt; 18 years) who underwent tracheostomy at a tertiary pediatric hospital between 2009 and 2020 was divided into high and low socioeconomic status (SES) groups based on their neighborhood-level EC. This metric of social capital determines the degree to which an individual is connected to families of higher SES based on zip code. Regression analysis determined associations between EC and adverse outcomes, decannulation, and mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 527 patients were included, with 79 (15%) having higher EC and 448 (85%) having lower EC. The groups had similar medical complexity and comorbidities, and EC was found to correlate with other metrics of SES including poverty rate and area deprivation index (ADI) by zip code (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Patients with low EC were more likely to be discharged to an outside facility than high EC patients (9.3% vs. 3.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.04). Outcome analysis revealed no significant differences in decannulation (22% vs. 32%, <i>p</i> = 0.07), mortality (22% vs. 21%, <i>p</i> = 0.88), or readmission rate (19% vs. 19%, <i>p</i> = 0.95).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EC does not correlate with adverse outcomes, mortality, or decannulation for pediatric tracheostomy patients. These findings suggest that EC may not be the primary component of social capital that influences perioperative challenges and long-term outcomes for pediatric tracheostomies in this study population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Nodal Biopsy and Extranodal Extension in p16+ Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Sindhura Sridhar,&nbsp;Daniel P. Larson,&nbsp;Sweeya Raj,&nbsp;Whitney Jin,&nbsp;Vivian L. Zhu,&nbsp;Melanie Hicks,&nbsp;Kyle Mannion,&nbsp;Michael C. Topf","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ENE is an important prognostic factor in p16-positive OPSCC and is an indication for adjuvant chemoradiation. A recent single institution retrospective study demonstrated that core needle biopsy (CNB) was independently associated with ENE, potentially due to disruption of the lymph node capsule. In this study, we investigate the association between the type of preoperative nodal biopsy and ENE at our institution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cohort study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with p16-positive OPSCC who underwent primary surgical resection (transoral robotic surgery and neck dissection) from October 2011 to March 2025 were identified. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the type of preoperative biopsy and ENE. The impact of confounding variables was assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 123 patients with a mean age of 60.9 years (range 38–80). Sixteen patients underwent preoperative CNB (13.0%), 74 patients underwent preoperative FNA (60.2%), and 33 patients did not undergo preoperative biopsy of a lymph node (26.8%). ENE was present in 43 patients (35.0%) including 7/16 (43.8%) CNB, 28/74 (37.8%) FNA, and 8/33 (27.2%) no preoperative biopsy. CNB was not associated with ENE (univariate OR 2.43, 95% CI 0.68–8.84, multivariate OR 2.34, 95% CI 0.50–11.74). Preoperative CNB was not associated with receipt of adjuvant treatment. Patients who presented with more than one clinically positive lymph node (cN2b) had a 48.6% chance of pathological ENE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this single institution study of patients with surgically treated p16-positive OPSCC, preoperative CNB was not associated with ENE.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Level of Evidence:</b> Level 4.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypocalcemia After Thyroidectomy in Patients Taking Proton Pump Inhibitors","authors":"Maxwell Rossip,&nbsp;F. Jeffrey Lorenz,&nbsp;Neerav Goyal,&nbsp;David Goldenberg","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium homeostasis is regulated by the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D on the bones, GI tract, and kidneys. Post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism and resultant hypocalcemia are common complications associated with prolonged hospitalization and higher costs. The long-term use of proton pump inhibitors has been associated with metabolic disturbances, including hypocalcemia. The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of hypocalcemia following thyroidectomy in patients taking proton pump inhibitors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients treated with total thyroidectomy between 2012 and 2022 were identified via the TriNetX Research Network. The rate of transient (0–6 months following thyroidectomy) and permanent (6–12 months following thyroidectomy) postoperative hypocalcemia was compared between patients with and without a prescription for proton pump inhibitors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 33,309 patients, 21.3% (<i>n</i> = 7081) took proton pump inhibitors before surgery. 50.9% and 10.76% of thyroidectomy patients taking proton pump inhibitors had hypocalcemia compared to 48.3% and 7.22% of patients without proton pump inhibitors at 0–1 and 6–12 months, respectively. Patients prescribed proton pump inhibitors had a significantly increased risk of experiencing hypocalcemia at 0–1, 1–6, and 6–12 months. Patients taking proton pump inhibitors were also at increased risk of visiting the emergency department at 1 and 6 months following surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients taking proton pump inhibitors may be more likely to experience short-term and permanent hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery. The current study is the largest to date, indicating an increased risk of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy in patients taking proton pump inhibitors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Voice Disorders and Correlation Between Hypernasality and Acoustic Characteristics in Children With Cleft Lip and Palate","authors":"Nalinee Deengam,&nbsp;Benjamas Prathanee,&nbsp;Chanticha Laohakittikul","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the prevalence of voice disorders, relationships between voice disorders and hypernasality, patterns of compensatory articulation disorders (CAD), acoustic characteristics, and associated factors in children with cleft palate with/without (CP ± L).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study consisted of 60 children with CP ± L, aged 7–12 years, who had undergone palate repair with/without cleft lip repair. Data were collected by evaluating voice quality using the GIRBAS scale (grade, instability, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain). The Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) was used to evaluate the acoustic characteristics, including fundamental frequency (<i>F</i>₀), shimmer, jitter, and maximum phonation time (MPT). A Fiber Optic Laryngoscope (FOL) was utilized to conduct laryngeal investigations. Spearman's Rank Correlation statistics were used to investigate correlations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence of voice disorders in children with CP ± L was 30% (18/60 cases). Laryngeal examinations showed that 33.33% had exhibited vocal nodules, and 13.34% had vocal cord edema. Regarding assessments of acoustic characteristics, children with voice disorders displayed significantly higher jitter and shimmer values than those with normal voices (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). (mean differences for jitter and shimmer /a:/ being −0.99 and −3.60), there were positive statistically significant relationships between voice disorders and severity of hypernasality at both the word and sentence levels (<i>r</i> = 0.46, <i>r</i> = 0.55); between voice disorders and the number of CAD patterns at both the word and sentence levels, (<i>r</i> = 0.30, <i>r</i> = 0.40).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of voice disorders in children with CP ± L was 30%. The severity of voice disorders from the GIRBAS scores was significantly correlated to the severity of hypernasality and the number of CAD patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Case Reports of Spontaneous Retropharyngeal Hematoma","authors":"Ashton L. Rogers,&nbsp;Alexander Burnett,&nbsp;Peter Eckard,&nbsp;Soroush Farsi,&nbsp;James R. Gardner,&nbsp;John L. Dornhoffer,&nbsp;Robert A. Saadi","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spontaneous retropharyngeal hematoma (SRH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition with the potential to cause acute airway obstruction. This review aims to describe the presentation, predisposing factors, and management of SRH cases to better understand the clinical course and guide strategies for identifying and managing this condition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Sources</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Review Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Databases were queried for articles from inception to February 2025. Study protocols adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Case reports and series describing SRH were included. Study validity was assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute's critical appraisal tools and AMSTAR 2 criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen cases (eight males and nine females) met inclusion criteria for analysis. On average, they presented at 59.7 (± 21.4) years old with sudden dysphagia (76.5%), anterior neck swelling (64.7%), neck pain (58.8%), and dysphonia (41.2%). Notably, 4 (23.5%) patients were taking an antithrombotic medication. Diagnosis was made using CT neck in 82.4% of cases. While 12 (70.6%) cases were managed medically, 5 (29.4%) received surgical intervention, and 6 (35.3%) required intubation. 16 (94.1%) cases had complete resolution within an average of 27.9 (± 24.8) days, and one patient (5.9%) died from airway compromise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SRH is a rare condition that presents with nonspecific dysphagia or neck discomfort. Antithrombotic medications may serve as a risk factor. Most patients will not require operative management, but close observation is needed as progression to fatal airway compromise has been documented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representation of Demographics in Otolaryngology by Artificial Intelligence Text-to-Image Platforms","authors":"Ariana L. Shaari,&nbsp;Anthony M. Saad,&nbsp;Aman M. Patel,&nbsp;Andrey Filimonov","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Artificial intelligence (AI) text-to-image generators have a propensity to reflect stereotypes. This study investigates the perception of race and gender of AI-generated portraits of otolaryngologists, evaluating their accuracy against workforce demographics and whether they amplify existing social biases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three text-to-image platforms (DALL-E3, Runway, Midjourney) were prompted to generate portrait photos of otolaryngologists based on 29 categories, including personality traits, fellowship, and academic rank. 580 portrait photos were made per platform. Two reviewers characterized the gender and race of the 1740 portraits. Statistical analysis compared the demographics of AI outputs to existing demographic information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 1740 AI-generated otolaryngologists generated, 88% of images were labeled as White, 4% Black, 6% Asian, 2% Indeterminate/Other race, 88% male, and 12% female. Across academic rank, the representation of White individuals was 97% (department chairs), 90% (program directors), 93% (professors), and 78% (residents). Male representation ranged from 90% (department chairs), 75% (program directors), 100% (professors), and 87% (residents). Runway produced more images of male (89% vs. 88% vs. 85%, <i>p</i> = 0.043) and White (92% vs. 88% vs. 80%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) otolaryngologists than DALL-E3 and Midjourney, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Text-to-image platforms demonstrated racial and gender biases, with notable differences compared to actual demographics. These platforms often underrepresented females and racial minority groups and overrepresented White males. These disparities underscore the need for the awareness of biases in AI, especially as these tools become more integrated into patient-facing platforms. Left unchecked, these biases risk marginalizing minority populations and reinforcing societal stereotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>4.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Intraoperative Laser Vibrometry (MIVIB)—A Peroperative Method to Measure Fixation of the Ossicular Chain","authors":"Jeremy Wales,&nbsp;Pieter G. G. Muyshondt,&nbsp;Juha Silvola,&nbsp;Pieter Livens,&nbsp;Kilian Gladiné,&nbsp;Joris J. J. Dirckx,&nbsp;Magnus von Unge","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conductive hearing loss requires the surgeon to evaluate ossicular movement to plan and execute surgery. An objective assessment of the ossicular chain with laser vibrometry would likely improve the results of ossiculoplasty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimally invasive intraoperative laser vibrometry (MIVIB), a fast and accurate technique, using a continuous time-domain signal that stimulates the Med-El FMT transducer attached to the malleus in a temporal bone model, was used to evaluate artificial fixation of the ossicular chain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Through this analysis method, differing incus velocity responses were seen between simulated single and multiple ossicle fixations in frequencies above 1000 Hz (&lt;/&gt; −25 dB respectively). The incus–umbo velocity ratio was shown to detect stapes fixation in both multiple and single ossicle fixations (&gt; −20 and &gt; −10 dB, respectively) highlighting the importance of determining between single and multiple ossicle fixations first.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MIVIB provides an objective assessment of the ossicular chain to identify specific fixations and therefore assist the surgeon in improving surgical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}