Prevalence of Voice Disorders and Correlation Between Hypernasality and Acoustic Characteristics in Children With Cleft Lip and Palate

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q2 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI:10.1002/lio2.70165

Nalinee Deengam, Benjamas Prathanee, Chanticha Laohakittikul

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Abstract

Objective

To determine the prevalence of voice disorders, relationships between voice disorders and hypernasality, patterns of compensatory articulation disorders (CAD), acoustic characteristics, and associated factors in children with cleft palate with/without (CP ± L).

Method

The study consisted of 60 children with CP ± L, aged 7–12 years, who had undergone palate repair with/without cleft lip repair. Data were collected by evaluating voice quality using the GIRBAS scale (grade, instability, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain). The Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) was used to evaluate the acoustic characteristics, including fundamental frequency (F₀), shimmer, jitter, and maximum phonation time (MPT). A Fiber Optic Laryngoscope (FOL) was utilized to conduct laryngeal investigations. Spearman's Rank Correlation statistics were used to investigate correlations.

Results

Prevalence of voice disorders in children with CP ± L was 30% (18/60 cases). Laryngeal examinations showed that 33.33% had exhibited vocal nodules, and 13.34% had vocal cord edema. Regarding assessments of acoustic characteristics, children with voice disorders displayed significantly higher jitter and shimmer values than those with normal voices (p < 0.05). (mean differences for jitter and shimmer /a:/ being −0.99 and −3.60), there were positive statistically significant relationships between voice disorders and severity of hypernasality at both the word and sentence levels (r = 0.46, r = 0.55); between voice disorders and the number of CAD patterns at both the word and sentence levels, (r = 0.30, r = 0.40).

Conclusion

The prevalence of voice disorders in children with CP ± L was 30%. The severity of voice disorders from the GIRBAS scores was significantly correlated to the severity of hypernasality and the number of CAD patterns.

Study Design

A cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence

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唇腭裂儿童嗓音障碍的患病率及高鼻音与声学特征的相关性

目的了解腭裂伴/非伴（CP±L）患儿嗓音障碍的患病率、嗓音障碍与鼻音亢进的关系、代偿性发音障碍（CAD）模式、声学特征及相关因素。方法对60例7 ~ 12岁的CP±L患儿进行腭裂修复术（合并/不合并唇裂）。通过使用GIRBAS量表（分级、不稳定、粗糙、呼吸、虚弱和紧张）评估语音质量来收集数据。使用计算机语音实验室（CSL）评估声学特性，包括基频（F0）、闪烁、抖动和最大发声时间（MPT）。使用光纤喉镜（FOL）进行喉部检查。Spearman's Rank Correlation统计数据用于调查相关性。结果CP±L患儿嗓音障碍发生率为30%（18/60）。喉部检查显示33.33%出现声带小结，13.34%出现声带水肿。在声学特征评估方面，声音障碍儿童的抖动值和闪烁值明显高于正常声音儿童（p < 0.05）。（抖动和闪烁/a:/的平均差异分别为- 0.99和- 3.60），在单词和句子水平上，语音障碍与鼻音过度严重程度之间存在统计学上显著的正相关（r = 0.46, r = 0.55）；在单词和句子水平上，语音障碍与CAD模式的数量之间存在显著性差异（r = 0.30, r = 0.40）。结论CP±L患儿嗓音障碍患病率为30%。来自GIRBAS评分的声音障碍的严重程度与鼻音过度的严重程度和CAD模式的数量显著相关。研究设计：横断面研究。证据级别2。

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