Current Epidemiology Reports最新文献_第7页

Machine Learning Approaches for Measuring Neighborhood Environments in Epidemiologic Studies. 测量流行病学研究中邻域环境的机器学习方法。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-022-00296-7

Andrew G Rundle, Michael D M Bader, Stephen J Mooney

{"title":"Machine Learning Approaches for Measuring Neighborhood Environments in Epidemiologic Studies.","authors":"Andrew G Rundle, Michael D M Bader, Stephen J Mooney","doi":"10.1007/s40471-022-00296-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-022-00296-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Innovations in information technology, initiatives by local governments to share administrative data, and growing inventories of data available from commercial data aggregators have immensely expanded the information available to describe neighborhood environments, supporting an approach to research we call Urban Health Informatics. This review evaluates the application of machine learning to this new wealth of data for studies of the effects of neighborhood environments on health.Recent findings: Prominent machine learning applications in this field include automated image analysis of archived imagery such as Google Street View images, variable selection methods to identify neighborhood environment factors that predict health outcomes from large pools of exposure variables, and spatial interpolation methods to estimate neighborhood conditions across large geographic areas.Summary: In each domain, we highlight successes and cautions in the application of machine learning, particularly highlighting legal issues in applying machine learning approaches to Google's geo-spatial data.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9244309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40572740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring the Effect of Place, Socioeconomic Status, and Racism on Coronary Heart Disease: Recent Trends and Missed Opportunities 测量地点、社会经济地位和种族对冠心病的影响:最近的趋势和错失的机会

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00281-6

C. Prener, S. Gebauer, Keon L. Gilbert

引用次数: 2

Association of Standing with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Adults 站立与成人心血管疾病和死亡率的关系

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00276-3

B. Gibbs, K. Diaz, Robert J. Kowalsky, Peter M. Smith, Lee Stoner

引用次数: 3

Methodological Challenges for Epidemiologic Studies of Deprescribing at the End of Life. 生命末期处方解除流行病学研究的方法学挑战。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00264-7

Jennifer Tjia, Jennifer L Lund, Deborah S Mack, Attah Mbrah, Yiyang Yuan, Qiaoxi Chen, Seun Osundolire, Cara L McDermott

{"title":"Methodological Challenges for Epidemiologic Studies of Deprescribing at the End of Life.","authors":"Jennifer Tjia, Jennifer L Lund, Deborah S Mack, Attah Mbrah, Yiyang Yuan, Qiaoxi Chen, Seun Osundolire, Cara L McDermott","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00264-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-021-00264-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To describe approaches to measuring deprescribing and associated outcomes in studies of patients approaching end of life (EOL).Recent findings: We reviewed studies published through 2020 that evaluated deprescribing in patients with limited life expectancy and approaching EOL. Deprescribing includes reducing the number of medications, decreasing medication dose(s), and eliminating potentially inappropriate medications. Tools such as STOPPFrail, OncPal, and the Unnecessary Drug Use Measure can facilitate deprescribing. Outcome measures vary and selection of measures should align with the operationalized deprescribing definition used by study investigators.Summary: EOL deprescribing considerations include medication appropriateness in the context of patient goals for care, expected benefit from medication given life expectancy, and heightened potential for medication-related harm as death nears. Additional data are needed on how EOL deprescribing impacts patient quality of life, caregiver burden, and out-of-pocket medication-related costs to patients and caregivers. Investigators should design deprescribing studies with this information in mind.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"116-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-021-00264-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39580294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Elimination of Viral Hepatitis in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiological Research Gaps. 在中低收入国家消除病毒性肝炎：流行病学研究缺口。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00273-6

Antoine Jaquet, Guy Muula, Didier K Ekouevi, Gilles Wandeler

{"title":"Elimination of Viral Hepatitis in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiological Research Gaps.","authors":"Antoine Jaquet, Guy Muula, Didier K Ekouevi, Gilles Wandeler","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00273-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-021-00273-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The purpose of our review was to summarize current recommendations on testing strategies, antiviral therapy eligibility and monitoring, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and to highlight major research gaps in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), with a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Recent findings: While data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in LMIC are increasing, current knowledge on liver-related complications as well as on treatment outcomes remains limited. Furthermore, very little information is available on the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of large-scale testing and management strategies in high-prevalence settings. The availability of policy-relevant data is particularly scarce in SSA, which accounts for a significant part of the global burden of chronic viral hepatitis.Summary: Current recommendations on the management and monitoring of chronic viral hepatitis rely mainly on data from high-income settings. The global elimination of viral hepatitis will only be achieved if prevention, testing, and treatment strategies tailored to specific LMIC are implemented. In order to inform scalable and cost-effective interventions, dedicated research initiatives have to be undertaken. Future studies will have to include the evaluation of innovative testing strategies, the validation of simplified methods to diagnose liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the monitoring of long-term treatment outcomes and toxicity. In addition, national plans to achieve the elimination of HBV mother-to-child transmission are urgently needed, including effective ways to test pregnant women, treat those who are eligible, and ensure birth dose vaccination is given to all newborns.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8443244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39444481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insights into epidemiologic assessments of the microbiome and challenges in identifying microbiome relationships with adverse pregnancy outcomes. 微生物组的流行病学评估的见解和确定微生物组与不良妊娠结局的关系的挑战。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00263-8

Freida Blostein, Betsy Foxman

引用次数: 0

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposures in Pregnancy: a Sensitive Window for Later-Life Cardiometabolic Health in Women 妊娠期内分泌干扰化学物质暴露:女性晚年心脏代谢健康的敏感窗口

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00272-7

E. Barrett, S. Groth, Emma V. Preston, C. Kinkade, T. James-Todd

引用次数: 3

Correction to: A Selective Review of Negative Control Methods in Epidemiology 更正:流行病学阴性对照方法的选择性回顾

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00270-9

Xu Shi, Wang Miao, E. Tchetgen

引用次数: 1

A toolkit for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in epidemiologic studies of the fetal origins of chronic disease. 一个应用胎盘-胎儿分子生物标志物在慢性疾病胎儿起源的流行病学研究中的工具包。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00258-x

Jennifer J Adibi, Alexander J Layden, Qing Yin, Xiaoshuang Xun, Shyamal Peddada, Rahel L Birru

{"title":"A toolkit for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in epidemiologic studies of the fetal origins of chronic disease.","authors":"Jennifer J Adibi, Alexander J Layden, Qing Yin, Xiaoshuang Xun, Shyamal Peddada, Rahel L Birru","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00258-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00258-x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: In this review, we provide essential background knowledge and an analytical framework for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in fetal origins chronic disease epidemiology. The widely available and highly quantitative placental hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is used as an example. hCG is currently used for diagnosing fetal genetic disorders; yet it can and should be expanded to understanding the fetal origins of chronic diseases. We provide justification and methods to do this.Recent findings: Ten papers published in the last 5 years were identified with supportive findings relevant to the application of biomarkers of hCG in epidemiologic studies on the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).Summary: There is increasing and consistent evidence that placental-fetal biomarkers may be highly informative in observational studies, as exemplified by hCG, with the correct approaches for measurement and data analysis.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":"20-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-020-00258-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25525137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Menstrual Cycle Tracking Applications and the Potential for Epidemiological Research: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. 月经周期跟踪应用与流行病学研究的潜力：文献综述。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00260-3

Joelle S Schantz, Claudia S P Fernandez, Z Jukic Anne Marie

引用次数: 0