Current Epidemiology Reports最新文献_第8页

Elimination of Viral Hepatitis in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiological Research Gaps. 在中低收入国家消除病毒性肝炎：流行病学研究缺口。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00273-6

Antoine Jaquet, Guy Muula, Didier K Ekouevi, Gilles Wandeler

{"title":"Elimination of Viral Hepatitis in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiological Research Gaps.","authors":"Antoine Jaquet, Guy Muula, Didier K Ekouevi, Gilles Wandeler","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00273-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-021-00273-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The purpose of our review was to summarize current recommendations on testing strategies, antiviral therapy eligibility and monitoring, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and to highlight major research gaps in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), with a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Recent findings: While data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in LMIC are increasing, current knowledge on liver-related complications as well as on treatment outcomes remains limited. Furthermore, very little information is available on the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of large-scale testing and management strategies in high-prevalence settings. The availability of policy-relevant data is particularly scarce in SSA, which accounts for a significant part of the global burden of chronic viral hepatitis.Summary: Current recommendations on the management and monitoring of chronic viral hepatitis rely mainly on data from high-income settings. The global elimination of viral hepatitis will only be achieved if prevention, testing, and treatment strategies tailored to specific LMIC are implemented. In order to inform scalable and cost-effective interventions, dedicated research initiatives have to be undertaken. Future studies will have to include the evaluation of innovative testing strategies, the validation of simplified methods to diagnose liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the monitoring of long-term treatment outcomes and toxicity. In addition, national plans to achieve the elimination of HBV mother-to-child transmission are urgently needed, including effective ways to test pregnant women, treat those who are eligible, and ensure birth dose vaccination is given to all newborns.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8443244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39444481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposures in Pregnancy: a Sensitive Window for Later-Life Cardiometabolic Health in Women 妊娠期内分泌干扰化学物质暴露:女性晚年心脏代谢健康的敏感窗口

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00272-7

E. Barrett, S. Groth, Emma V. Preston, C. Kinkade, T. James-Todd

引用次数: 3

Correction to: A Selective Review of Negative Control Methods in Epidemiology 更正:流行病学阴性对照方法的选择性回顾

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00270-9

Xu Shi, Wang Miao, E. Tchetgen

引用次数: 1

A toolkit for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in epidemiologic studies of the fetal origins of chronic disease. 一个应用胎盘-胎儿分子生物标志物在慢性疾病胎儿起源的流行病学研究中的工具包。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00258-x

Jennifer J Adibi, Alexander J Layden, Qing Yin, Xiaoshuang Xun, Shyamal Peddada, Rahel L Birru

{"title":"A toolkit for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in epidemiologic studies of the fetal origins of chronic disease.","authors":"Jennifer J Adibi, Alexander J Layden, Qing Yin, Xiaoshuang Xun, Shyamal Peddada, Rahel L Birru","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00258-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00258-x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: In this review, we provide essential background knowledge and an analytical framework for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in fetal origins chronic disease epidemiology. The widely available and highly quantitative placental hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is used as an example. hCG is currently used for diagnosing fetal genetic disorders; yet it can and should be expanded to understanding the fetal origins of chronic diseases. We provide justification and methods to do this.Recent findings: Ten papers published in the last 5 years were identified with supportive findings relevant to the application of biomarkers of hCG in epidemiologic studies on the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).Summary: There is increasing and consistent evidence that placental-fetal biomarkers may be highly informative in observational studies, as exemplified by hCG, with the correct approaches for measurement and data analysis.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-020-00258-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25525137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Menstrual Cycle Tracking Applications and the Potential for Epidemiological Research: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. 月经周期跟踪应用与流行病学研究的潜力：文献综述。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00260-3

Joelle S Schantz, Claudia S P Fernandez, Z Jukic Anne Marie

引用次数: 0

Health Information Technology Use Among Healthcare Providers Treating Children and Adolescents With Obesity: a Systematic Review 健康信息技术在治疗儿童和青少年肥胖的医疗服务提供者中的应用:一项系统综述

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00262-9

M. Kepper, Callie Walsh-Bailey, A. Staiano, Lauren A. Fowler, Angeline Gacad, Amber Blackwood, S. Fowler, Marjorie M. Kelley

引用次数: 0

Impacts of Ecology, Parasite Antigenic Variation, and Human Genetics on RTS,S/AS01e Malaria Vaccine Efficacy. 生态、寄生虫抗原变异和人类遗传学对RTS、S/AS01e疟疾疫苗效力的影响

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00271-8

Griffin J Bell, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Kwaku Poku Asante, Anita Ghansah, Portia Kamthunzi, Michael Emch, Jeffrey A Bailey

{"title":"Impacts of Ecology, Parasite Antigenic Variation, and Human Genetics on RTS,S/AS01e Malaria Vaccine Efficacy.","authors":"Griffin J Bell, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Kwaku Poku Asante, Anita Ghansah, Portia Kamthunzi, Michael Emch, Jeffrey A Bailey","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00271-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-021-00271-8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Global malaria elimination has little chance of success without an effective vaccine. The first malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01e, demonstrated moderate efficacy against clinical malaria in phase III trials and is undergoing large-scale effectiveness trials in Africa. Importantly, the vaccine did not perform equally well between phase III study sites. Though reasons for the moderate efficacy and this variation are unclear, various mechanisms have been suggested. This review summarizes the recent literature on such mechanisms, with a focus on those involving landscape ecology, parasite antigenic variation, and human host genetic differences.Recent findings: Transmission intensity may have a role pre- and post-vaccination in modulating immune responses to the vaccine. Furthermore, malaria incidence may \"rebound\" in vaccinated populations living in high transmission intensity settings. There is growing evidence that both genetic variation in the parasite circumsporozoite protein and variation of human host genetic factors affect RTS,S vaccine efficacy. These genetic factors may be interacting in complex ways to produce variation in the natural and vaccine-induced immune responses that protect against malaria.Summary: Due to the modest efficacy of RTS,S/AS01e, the combinations of factors (ecological, parasite, human host) impacting its effectiveness must be clearly understood, as this information will be critical for implementation policy and future vaccine designs.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-021-00271-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Antimalarial Drug Resistance and Implications for the WHO Global Technical Strategy. 抗疟药物耐药性及其对世界卫生组织全球技术战略的影响。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00266-5

Matthew M Ippolito, Kara A Moser, Jean-Bertin Bukasa Kabuya, Clark Cunningham, Jonathan J Juliano

{"title":"Antimalarial Drug Resistance and Implications for the WHO Global Technical Strategy.","authors":"Matthew M Ippolito, Kara A Moser, Jean-Bertin Bukasa Kabuya, Clark Cunningham, Jonathan J Juliano","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00266-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-021-00266-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Five years have passed since the World Health Organization released its Global Technical Strategy for Malaria (GTS). In that time, progress against malaria has plateaued. This review focuses on the implications of antimalarial drug resistance for the GTS and how interim progress in parasite genomics and antimalarial pharmacology offer a bulwark against it.Recent findings: For the first time, drug resistance-conferring genes have been identified and validated before their global expansion in malaria parasite populations. More efficient methods for their detection and elaboration have been developed, although low-density infections and polyclonality remain a nuisance to be solved. Clinical trials of alternative regimens for multidrug-resistant malaria have delivered promising results. New agents continue down the development pipeline, while a nascent infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa for conducting phase I trials and trials of transmission-blocking agents has come to fruition after years of preparation.Summary: These and other developments can help inform the GTS as the world looks ahead to the next two decades of its implementation. To remain ahead of the threat that drug resistance poses, wider application of genomic-based surveillance and optimization of existing and forthcoming antimalarial drugs are essential.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-021-00266-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25501646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

HIV and Aging: Double Stigma. 艾滋病和衰老:双重耻辱。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00265-6

Monique J Brown, Oluwafemi Adeagbo

引用次数: 13

The Impact of Early-Life Exposures on Women's Reproductive Health in Adulthood. 早期生活暴露对成年后妇女生殖健康的影响。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00279-0

Emily W Harville, Alexandra N Kruse, Qi Zhao

{"title":"The Impact of Early-Life Exposures on Women's Reproductive Health in Adulthood.","authors":"Emily W Harville, Alexandra N Kruse, Qi Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00279-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-021-00279-0","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the effects of early-life, preconception, and prior-generation exposures on reproductive health in women.Recent findings: Women's early-life factors can affect reproductive health by contributing to health status or exposure level on entering pregnancy. Alternately, they can have permanent effects, regardless of later-life experience. Nutrition, social class, parental smoking, other adverse childhood experiences, environmental pollutants, infectious agents, and racism and discrimination all affect reproductive health, even if experienced in childhood or in utero. Possible transgenerational effects are now being investigated through three- or more-generation studies. These effects occur with mechanisms that may include direct exposure, behavioral, endocrine, inflammatory, and epigenetic pathways.Summary: Pregnancy is increasingly understood in a life course perspective, but rigorously testing hypotheses on early-life effects is still difficult. In order to improve the health outcomes of all women, we need to expand our toolkit of methods and theory.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40471-021-00279-0.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39531224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2