Current Epidemiology Reports最新文献_第8页

Health Information Technology Use Among Healthcare Providers Treating Children and Adolescents With Obesity: a Systematic Review 健康信息技术在治疗儿童和青少年肥胖的医疗服务提供者中的应用:一项系统综述

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00262-9

M. Kepper, Callie Walsh-Bailey, A. Staiano, Lauren A. Fowler, Angeline Gacad, Amber Blackwood, S. Fowler, Marjorie M. Kelley

引用次数: 0

Impacts of Ecology, Parasite Antigenic Variation, and Human Genetics on RTS,S/AS01e Malaria Vaccine Efficacy. 生态、寄生虫抗原变异和人类遗传学对RTS、S/AS01e疟疾疫苗效力的影响

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00271-8

Griffin J Bell, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Kwaku Poku Asante, Anita Ghansah, Portia Kamthunzi, Michael Emch, Jeffrey A Bailey

{"title":"Impacts of Ecology, Parasite Antigenic Variation, and Human Genetics on RTS,S/AS01e Malaria Vaccine Efficacy.","authors":"Griffin J Bell, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Kwaku Poku Asante, Anita Ghansah, Portia Kamthunzi, Michael Emch, Jeffrey A Bailey","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00271-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-021-00271-8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Global malaria elimination has little chance of success without an effective vaccine. The first malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01e, demonstrated moderate efficacy against clinical malaria in phase III trials and is undergoing large-scale effectiveness trials in Africa. Importantly, the vaccine did not perform equally well between phase III study sites. Though reasons for the moderate efficacy and this variation are unclear, various mechanisms have been suggested. This review summarizes the recent literature on such mechanisms, with a focus on those involving landscape ecology, parasite antigenic variation, and human host genetic differences.Recent findings: Transmission intensity may have a role pre- and post-vaccination in modulating immune responses to the vaccine. Furthermore, malaria incidence may \"rebound\" in vaccinated populations living in high transmission intensity settings. There is growing evidence that both genetic variation in the parasite circumsporozoite protein and variation of human host genetic factors affect RTS,S vaccine efficacy. These genetic factors may be interacting in complex ways to produce variation in the natural and vaccine-induced immune responses that protect against malaria.Summary: Due to the modest efficacy of RTS,S/AS01e, the combinations of factors (ecological, parasite, human host) impacting its effectiveness must be clearly understood, as this information will be critical for implementation policy and future vaccine designs.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":"8 3","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-021-00271-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Antimalarial Drug Resistance and Implications for the WHO Global Technical Strategy. 抗疟药物耐药性及其对世界卫生组织全球技术战略的影响。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00266-5

Matthew M Ippolito, Kara A Moser, Jean-Bertin Bukasa Kabuya, Clark Cunningham, Jonathan J Juliano

{"title":"Antimalarial Drug Resistance and Implications for the WHO Global Technical Strategy.","authors":"Matthew M Ippolito, Kara A Moser, Jean-Bertin Bukasa Kabuya, Clark Cunningham, Jonathan J Juliano","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00266-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-021-00266-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Five years have passed since the World Health Organization released its Global Technical Strategy for Malaria (GTS). In that time, progress against malaria has plateaued. This review focuses on the implications of antimalarial drug resistance for the GTS and how interim progress in parasite genomics and antimalarial pharmacology offer a bulwark against it.Recent findings: For the first time, drug resistance-conferring genes have been identified and validated before their global expansion in malaria parasite populations. More efficient methods for their detection and elaboration have been developed, although low-density infections and polyclonality remain a nuisance to be solved. Clinical trials of alternative regimens for multidrug-resistant malaria have delivered promising results. New agents continue down the development pipeline, while a nascent infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa for conducting phase I trials and trials of transmission-blocking agents has come to fruition after years of preparation.Summary: These and other developments can help inform the GTS as the world looks ahead to the next two decades of its implementation. To remain ahead of the threat that drug resistance poses, wider application of genomic-based surveillance and optimization of existing and forthcoming antimalarial drugs are essential.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":"8 2","pages":"46-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-021-00266-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25501646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

HIV and Aging: Double Stigma. 艾滋病和衰老:双重耻辱。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00265-6

Monique J Brown, Oluwafemi Adeagbo

引用次数: 13

The Impact of Early-Life Exposures on Women's Reproductive Health in Adulthood. 早期生活暴露对成年后妇女生殖健康的影响。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00279-0

Emily W Harville, Alexandra N Kruse, Qi Zhao

{"title":"The Impact of Early-Life Exposures on Women's Reproductive Health in Adulthood.","authors":"Emily W Harville, Alexandra N Kruse, Qi Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00279-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-021-00279-0","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the effects of early-life, preconception, and prior-generation exposures on reproductive health in women.Recent findings: Women's early-life factors can affect reproductive health by contributing to health status or exposure level on entering pregnancy. Alternately, they can have permanent effects, regardless of later-life experience. Nutrition, social class, parental smoking, other adverse childhood experiences, environmental pollutants, infectious agents, and racism and discrimination all affect reproductive health, even if experienced in childhood or in utero. Possible transgenerational effects are now being investigated through three- or more-generation studies. These effects occur with mechanisms that may include direct exposure, behavioral, endocrine, inflammatory, and epigenetic pathways.Summary: Pregnancy is increasingly understood in a life course perspective, but rigorously testing hypotheses on early-life effects is still difficult. In order to improve the health outcomes of all women, we need to expand our toolkit of methods and theory.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40471-021-00279-0.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":"175-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39531224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Cardiovascular Disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Epidemiology, Management, and Prevention. 2019年心血管疾病和冠状病毒病:流行病学、管理和预防。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00261-2

Junichi Ishigami, Minghao Kou, Ning Ding, Kunihiro Matsushita

{"title":"Cardiovascular Disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Epidemiology, Management, and Prevention.","authors":"Junichi Ishigami, Minghao Kou, Ning Ding, Kunihiro Matsushita","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00261-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00261-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes findings up to date on the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and COVID-19.Recent findings: Preexisting CVD is a common condition among patients with COVID-19 and is associated with increased disease severity and mortality. Conversely, COVID-19 has various clinical manifestations on cardiovascular system, including thrombotic events and cardiac dysfunction. The pandemic has impacted healthcare utilization among patients with CVD, which may have led to potential delay in access to the healthcare system during acute events not directly COVID-19-related.Summary: While COVID-19 vaccine is being developed and distributed, controlling CVD risk factors and adherence to recommendations of existing immunization (e.g., influenza vaccine) are key in protecting the health of individuals with CVD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to understand the epidemiological and pathophysiological basis for the interaction between CVD and COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-020-00261-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38806154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Aging and COVID-19 in Minority Populations: a Perfect Storm. 少数民族人口的老龄化与 COVID-19：完美风暴。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00267-4

Tubanji Walubita, Ariel Beccia, Esther Boama-Nyarko, Melissa Goulding, Carly Herbert, Jessica Kloppenburg, Guadalupe Mabry, Grace Masters, Asli McCullers, Sarah Forrester

{"title":"Aging and COVID-19 in Minority Populations: a Perfect Storm.","authors":"Tubanji Walubita, Ariel Beccia, Esther Boama-Nyarko, Melissa Goulding, Carly Herbert, Jessica Kloppenburg, Guadalupe Mabry, Grace Masters, Asli McCullers, Sarah Forrester","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00267-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-021-00267-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: COVID-19 is a major concern for the health and wellbeing of individuals worldwide. As COVID-19 cases and deaths continue to increase in the USA, aging Black and Hispanic populations have emerged as especially at-risk for increased exposure to COVID-19 and susceptibility to severe health outcomes. The current review discusses the weathering hypothesis and the influence of social inequality on the identified health disparities.Recent findings: Aging minoritized populations have endured structural and social inequality over the lifecourse. Consequently, these populations experience weathering, a process that results in physiological dysregulation due to stress associated with persistent disadvantage. Through weathering and continued inequity, aging minoritized populations have an increased risk of exposure and poor health outcomes from COVID-19.Summary: Current literature and available data suggests that aging minoritized persons experience high rates of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The current review hypothesizes and supports that observed disparities are the result of inequalities that especially affect Black and Hispanic populations over the lifecourse. Future efforts to address these disparities should emphasize research that supports governments in identifying at-risk groups, providing accessible COVID-19-related information to those groups, and implementing policy that addresses the structural and social inequities that perpetuate current COVID-19 disparities.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":"8 2","pages":"63-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7959878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25511711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Update on Medication Use in Older Adults: a Narrative Review. 老年人用药的最新情况：叙述性综述。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00274-5

Heather E Barry, Carmel M Hughes

{"title":"An Update on Medication Use in Older Adults: a Narrative Review.","authors":"Heather E Barry, Carmel M Hughes","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00274-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-021-00274-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The global phenomenon of population aging is impacting the health and care needs of society. The use of medications by older adults is acknowledged to be the most common form of medical intervention for many acute and chronic conditions and prescribing in this population continues to increase. In this narrative review, we summarise the age-related factors that should be considered when prescribing for older adults, address some of the perennial challenges related to medicine use in older people, and highlight important emerging research in this area.Recent findings: A range of age-related factors should be considered when prescribing for older adults. However, the evidence base still lacks data pertaining to older adults due to their continued under-representation in clinical trials. Multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and inappropriate prescribing continue to remain prevalent among older adults, although recent research has been focused on the development and evaluation of complex interventions to address these challenges.Summary: Further high-quality studies of interventions to improve and support medication use in older adults are needed, ensuring that older adults are well represented in such trials and consideration is given to the measurement of patient- and provider-focused outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8294219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39220127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Developments and Insights in the Improvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vaccines and Diagnostics Within the End TB Strategy. 在最终结核病战略中改进结核分枝杆菌疫苗和诊断的新进展和见解。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00269-2

Juan Ignacio García, Anna Allué-Guardia, Radhika P Tampi, Blanca I Restrepo, Jordi B Torrelles

{"title":"New Developments and Insights in the Improvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vaccines and Diagnostics Within the End TB Strategy.","authors":"Juan Ignacio García, Anna Allué-Guardia, Radhika P Tampi, Blanca I Restrepo, Jordi B Torrelles","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00269-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-021-00269-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The alignment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) with the End Tuberculosis (TB) strategy provides an integrated roadmap to implement key approaches towards TB elimination. This review summarizes current social challenges for TB control, and yet, recent developments in TB diagnosis and vaccines in the context of the End TB strategy and SDGs to transform global health.Recent findings: Advances in non-sputum based TB biomarkers and whole genome sequencing technologies could revolutionize TB diagnostics. Moreover, synergistic novel technologies such as mRNA vaccination, nanovaccines and promising TB vaccine models are key promising developments for TB prevention and control.Summary: The End TB strategy depends on novel developments in point-of-care TB diagnostics and effective vaccines. However, despite outstanding technological developments in these fields, TB elimination will be unlikely achieved if TB social determinants are not fully addressed. Indeed, the End TB strategy and SDGs emphasize the importance of implementing sustainable universal health coverage and social protection.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":"8 2","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8024105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25591202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV Drug Resistance in Children and Adolescents: Always a Challenge? 儿童和青少年艾滋病毒耐药性:始终是一个挑战?

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00268-3

Wei Li A Koay, Judith Kose-Otieno, Natella Rakhmanina

{"title":"HIV Drug Resistance in Children and Adolescents: Always a Challenge?","authors":"Wei Li A Koay, Judith Kose-Otieno, Natella Rakhmanina","doi":"10.1007/s40471-021-00268-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-021-00268-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: With the expanded roll-out of antiretrovirals for treatment and prevention of HIV during the last decade, the emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) has become a growing challenge. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology and trajectory of HIVDR globally with an emphasis on pediatric and adolescent populations.Recent findings: HIVDR is associated with suboptimal virologic suppression and treatment failure, leading to an increased risk of HIV transmission to uninfected people and increased morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV. High rates of HIVDR to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors globally are expected to decline with the introduction of the integrase strand transfer inhibitors and long-acting combination regimens, while challenge remains for HIVDR to other classes of antiretroviral drugs.Summary: We highlight several solutions including increased HIV viral load monitoring, expanded HIVDR surveillance, and adopting antiretroviral regimens with a high-resistance barrier to decrease HIVDR. Implementation studies and programmatic changes are needed to determine the best approach to prevent and combat the development of HIVDR.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"97-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-021-00268-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25510751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13