Current Epidemiology Reports最新文献_第9页

Sex-specific neurotoxic effects of early-life exposure to fluoride: A review of the epidemiologic and animal literature. 早期接触氟化物的性别特异性神经毒性作用:流行病学和动物文献综述。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00246-1

R Green, J Rubenstein, R Popoli, R Capulong, C Till

{"title":"Sex-specific neurotoxic effects of early-life exposure to fluoride: A review of the epidemiologic and animal literature.","authors":"R Green, J Rubenstein, R Popoli, R Capulong, C Till","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00246-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-020-00246-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: A growing body of evidence suggests adverse neurodevelopmental effects of early-life exposure to fluoride that may differ depending on timing of exposure and sex of the exposed. We conducted a literature search to identify the animal and human epidemiologic studies that examined sex-specific neurodevelopmental differences in response to prenatal and postnatal exposure to fluoride.Recent findings: Six of 138 animal studies and 15 of 106 human epidemiologic studies tested for sex-specific effects. Prenatal exposure to fluoride was associated with a male susceptibility to adverse behavioural effects in four of six animal studies and lower IQ in one of three prospective cohort studies. The body of evidence examining sex-effects associated with postnatal fluoride exposure was scarce, and many animal and cross-sectional human studies were considered to have a high risk of bias.Summary: Compared to females, male offspring appear to be more sensitive to prenatal, but not postnatal, exposure to fluoride. We discuss several sex-specific mechanisms and emphasize the need for future research.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8011433/pdf/nihms-1642776.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25569478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations of metals and neurodevelopment: a review of recent evidence on susceptibility factors. 金属与神经发育的关系:易感因素的最新证据综述。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00249-y

Julia A Bauer, Victoria Fruh, Caitlin G Howe, Roberta F White, Birgit Claus Henn

{"title":"Associations of metals and neurodevelopment: a review of recent evidence on susceptibility factors.","authors":"Julia A Bauer, Victoria Fruh, Caitlin G Howe, Roberta F White, Birgit Claus Henn","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00249-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-020-00249-y","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Epidemiologic evidence exists that many metals are associated with adverse neurobehavioral effects in young children, including lead (Pb), methylmercury (meHg), manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As)5-8. Importantly, chemical insult can vary depending on host factors and exposure circumstance. This systematic review summarizes the recent literature investigating modifying factors of the associations between metals and neurodevelopment, including immutable traits (sex or genetics) or exposure conditions (timing or co-exposures).Recent findings: Of the 53 studies included in this review, the number investigating modification of exposure effects were: 30 for sex, 21 for co-exposures, 12 for timing of exposure, and six for genetic modifiers. Sex-specific effects of metal-neurobehavioral associations were inconclusive for all metals, likely due to the heterogeneity of outcome domains assessed and the exposure time points measured. Seven studies evaluated both sex and exposure timing as modifying factors using deciduous teeth or other biomarkers with repeated measures to characterize metals exposure over time. Only five studies used statistical methods for mixtures to evaluate associations of more than two metals with neurobehavioral domains.Summary: Despite the expansion of research on susceptibility to the neurodevelopmental effects of metals exposure, considerable gaps remain. This work remains critical, as characterizing susceptible subpopulations can aid in identifying biological mechanisms and is fundamental for the protection of public health.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"237-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7993302/pdf/nihms-1642784.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25525136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Difference-in-Difference in the Time of Cholera: a Gentle Introduction for Epidemiologists. 霍乱时期的差异:给流行病学家的温和介绍。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00245-2

Ellen C Caniglia, Eleanor J Murray

{"title":"Difference-in-Difference in the Time of Cholera: a Gentle Introduction for Epidemiologists.","authors":"Ellen C Caniglia, Eleanor J Murray","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00245-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00245-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The goal of this article is to provide an introduction to the intuition behind the difference-in-difference method for epidemiologists. We focus on the theoretical aspects of this tool, including the types of questions for which difference-in-difference is appropriate, and what assumptions must hold for the results to be causally interpretable.Recent findings: While currently under-utilized in epidemiologic research, the difference-in-difference method is a useful tool to examine effects of population-level exposures, but relies on strong assumptions.Summary: We use the famous example of John Snow's investigation of the cause of cholera mortality in London to illustrate the difference-in-difference approach and corresponding assumptions. We conclude by arguing that this method deserves a second-look from epidemiologists interested in asking causal questions about the impact of a population-level exposure change on a population-level outcome for the group that experienced the change.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"203-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-020-00245-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25536644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

A Selective Review of Negative Control Methods in Epidemiology. 流行病学中阴性对照方法的选择性回顾。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00243-4

Xu Shi, Wang Miao, Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

{"title":"A Selective Review of Negative Control Methods in Epidemiology.","authors":"Xu Shi, Wang Miao, Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00243-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-020-00243-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Negative controls are a powerful tool to detect and adjust for bias in epidemiological research. This paper introduces negative controls to a broader audience and provides guidance on principled design and causal analysis based on a formal negative control framework.Recent findings: We review and summarize causal and statistical assumptions, practical strategies, and validation criteria that can be combined with subject-matter knowledge to perform negative control analyses. We also review existing statistical methodologies for the detection, reduction, and correction of confounding bias, and briefly discuss recent advances towards nonparametric identification of causal effects in a double-negative control design.Summary: There is great potential for valid and accurate causal inference leveraging contemporary healthcare data in which negative controls are routinely available. Design and analysis of observational data leveraging negative controls is an area of growing interest in health and social sciences. Despite these developments, further effort is needed to disseminate these novel methods to ensure they are adopted by practicing epidemiologists.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"190-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8118596/pdf/nihms-1655093.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38986680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flame retardants and neurodevelopment: An updated review of epidemiological literature. 阻燃剂与神经发育:流行病学文献的最新综述。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00256-z

Ann M Vuong, Kimberly Yolton, Kim M Cecil, Joseph M Braun, Bruce P Lanphear, Aimin Chen

{"title":"Flame retardants and neurodevelopment: An updated review of epidemiological literature.","authors":"Ann M Vuong, Kimberly Yolton, Kim M Cecil, Joseph M Braun, Bruce P Lanphear, Aimin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00256-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00256-z","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Flame retardant (FR) compounds can adversely impact neurodevelopment. This updated literature review summarizes epidemiological studies of FRs and neurotoxicity published since 2015, covering historical (polybrominated biphenyls [PBBs], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]), contemporary (polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs], hexabromocyclododecane [HBCD], and tetrabromobisphenol A [TBBPA]), and current-use organophosphate FRs (OPFRs) and brominated FRs (2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobezoate [EH-TBB] TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate [BEH-TEBP]), focusing on prenatal and postnatal periods of exposure.Recent findings: Continuing studies on PCBs still reveal adverse associations on child cognition and behavior. Recent studies indicate PBDEs are neurotoxic, particularly for gestational exposures with decreased cognition and increased externalizing behaviors. Findings were suggestive for PBDEs and other behavioral domains and neuroimaging. OPFR studies provide suggestive evidence of reduced cognition and more behavioral problems.Summary: Despite a lack of studies of PBBs, TBBPA, EH-TBB, and BEH-TEBP, and only two studies of HBCD, recent literature of PCBs, PBDEs, and OPFRs are suggestive of developmental neurotoxicity, calling for more studies of OPFRs.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":"7 4","pages":"220-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-020-00256-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9194993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

A Systematic Review of Drink Specials, Drink Special Laws, and Alcohol-Related Outcomes. 关于特殊饮料、特殊饮料法律和酒精相关结果的系统综述。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00247-0

Victor Puac-Polanco, Katherine M Keyes, Pia M Mauro, Charles C Branas

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Drink Specials, Drink Special Laws, and Alcohol-Related Outcomes.","authors":"Victor Puac-Polanco, Katherine M Keyes, Pia M Mauro, Charles C Branas","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00247-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00247-0","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The adverse health and safety consequences of heavy alcohol consumption are a leading problem around the world. While many risk factors have been extensively studied and presented in comprehensive summaries, not all questions regarding risk factors for problematic drinking behaviors have been answered and presented in systematic reviews. As of March 2020, no review has summarized studies assessing the role of promotional price practices at on-premises alcohol outlets, known as drink specials. Also missing was systematic information of policies that regulated these promotional practices. We aimed to synthesize the available research evidence of the effects that drink specials and drink special laws have on different alcohol-related outcomes.Recent findings: Twelve studies examined the effect of drink specials in seven countries between 1978 and 2018. Of these, 11 found a consistent positive association between drink specials and increased alcohol consumption, heavy drinking, and alcohol intoxication. Drink specials also increased reports of driving under the influence, fighting, and unprotected sex. Drink specials were also associated with expectations of higher consumption and modified attitudes and behaviors towards favorable views of drink specials. Effect sizes ranged from 1.80 to 4.43 increased odds for the examined alcohol-related outcomes. The only study examining the effects of a drink special law revealed mixed findings between prohibiting happy hours and three alcohol-related outcomes.Summary: Drink specials were consistently associated with alcohol-related adverse outcomes, but almost nothing is known about the effects of laws restricting drink specials.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"300-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-020-00247-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38751920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Estimating the association between mental health disorders and suicide: a review of common sources of bias and challenges and opportunities for US-based research. 估计精神健康障碍与自杀之间的关联:对常见偏见来源的回顾以及美国研究的挑战和机遇。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00250-5

Josie J Caves Sivaraman, Rebecca B Naumann

{"title":"Estimating the association between mental health disorders and suicide: a review of common sources of bias and challenges and opportunities for US-based research.","authors":"Josie J Caves Sivaraman, Rebecca B Naumann","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00250-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00250-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to 1) illuminate prevalent methodological approaches and estimates of association between mental health diagnoses and suicide from the meta-analytic literature; 2) discuss key internal and external validity concerns with these estimates; and 3) highlight some of the unique attributes and challenges in US-based suicide research and opportunities to move the evidence base forward.Recent findings: Globally, there is considerable variability in measures of association between mental health disorders and suicide and a growing debate over methodological approaches to this research. A high suicide incidence makes the US an outlier, and the decentralized nature of US administrative data poses a unique challenge to data linkage that could otherwise advance this research.Summary: We offer methodological considerations for future research and discuss opportunities made possible by the recent expansion of the US National Violent Death Reporting System to a nationwide registry.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"352-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-020-00250-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38869567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Different Risk Profiles of European Patients Using Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Vitamin K Antagonists: a Rapid Review 欧洲患者直接使用口服抗凝剂或维生素K拮抗剂的不同风险概况:快速回顾

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00257-y

K. Krueger, K. Jobski, A. Voss, U. Haug

引用次数: 1

Heart Failure Diagnosis, Readmission, and Mortality Prediction Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Models 使用机器学习和人工智能模型的心力衰竭诊断、再入院和死亡率预测

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00259-w

A. Guo, M. Pasque, Francis Loh, D. Mann, Philip R. O. Payne

引用次数: 20

The Eternally Wounded Athlete: How Medical Professionals and Sports Injury Researchers Have Limited Female Athletes' Sport Participation and Biased the Interpretation of Sports Injury Research. 永远受伤的运动员:医学专业人员和运动损伤研究人员如何限制了女运动员的运动参与和对运动损伤研究的偏见解释。

3区医学

Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00255-0

R Dawn Comstock, Sarah K Fields

{"title":"The Eternally Wounded Athlete: How Medical Professionals and Sports Injury Researchers Have Limited Female Athletes' Sport Participation and Biased the Interpretation of Sports Injury Research.","authors":"R Dawn Comstock, Sarah K Fields","doi":"10.1007/s40471-020-00255-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00255-0","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Female sports participation has long been diminished compared to male sports participation. This review contextualizes current findings in historical implicit gender bias.Recent findings: The transition from the recognition of the Female Athlete Triad Syndrome to the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Syndrome (RED-S Syndrome) to the newly proposed Male Athlete Triad Syndrome demonstrates the power of implicit gender bias on sports injury research efforts, clinical practices, and policy decisions. Similarly, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have long been portrayed as a young female athlete injury, a perception which has affected the sports medicine world in a way that has resulted in both male and female athletes not fully benefitting from possible research and clinical advances.Summary: This review explores the history of female exclusion from sport and considers how modern sport and exercise medicine has, perhaps because of implicit gender biases, inadvertently contributed to that exclusion.","PeriodicalId":48527,"journal":{"name":"Current Epidemiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40471-020-00255-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40683279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1