ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.005
Kichang Lee , JeongGil Ko , Songkuk Kim , JaeYeon Park
{"title":"Toward storage-aware learning with compressed data an empirical exploratory study on JPEG","authors":"Kichang Lee , JeongGil Ko , Songkuk Kim , JaeYeon Park","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On-device machine learning is fundamentally constrained by limited storage, especially in continuous data collection scenarios where sensor or vision streams accumulate rapidly. This paper empirically investigates storage-aware learning, characterizing the trade-off between data quantity and data quality under lossy compression. Using the CIFAR-10 dataset as a controlled benchmark, we systematically vary both the amount and the fidelity of training data to understand their joint impact on model performance. Our results reveal that (1) neither maximizing quantity nor quality alone yields optimal accuracy, emphasizing that the optimal trade-off between them depends nonlinearly on the available storage budget, and (2) data samples exhibit differential sensitivity to compression, motivating a sample-wise adaptive compression policy. These findings challenge uniform data-retention strategies such as naive data dropping or fixed-rate compression, and establish a foundation for adaptive, storage-efficient learning systems on resource-limited devices. This work opens new directions toward generalizable, storage-aware on-device intelligence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 50-54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Macroeconomic context-aware graph topology learning for stock price forecasting using graph neural network","authors":"Amna Sarwar , Fizza Bukhari , Asma Sattar , Maryam Bukhari , Zahoor ur Rehman , Sungwoo Park , Seungmin Rho","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stock price forecasting is a crucial challenge in FinTech industries, with implications that extend to algorithmic trading. In recent studies, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are employed for prediction; however, they are still limited to involving macroeconomic contexts. Hence, in this study, a novel GNN-based method for stock price forecasting is designed, with a graph building structure influenced by macroeconomic variables, namely inflation, interest rate, and GDP growth regimes. Our model captures the relationships between stocks on the basis of regime-specific, macro-driven static graphs along with an LSTM model. The proposed approach outperforms existing methods and provides a new viewpoint on stock forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.013
Thien Huynh-The , Toan Van Nguyen , Phuong Luu Vo , Huu-Tai Nguyen
{"title":"A lightweight-to-diffusion framework for semantic image communications","authors":"Thien Huynh-The , Toan Van Nguyen , Phuong Luu Vo , Huu-Tai Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce LDSeCom, a novel lightweight-to-diffusion framework for semantic image communication. LDSeCom addresses bandwidth constraints by developing LSNet, a lightweight, loop-based segmentation model at the sender, and an improved diffusion model guided by our AFM-Net at the receiver. LSNet efficiently compresses images into semantic maps, while AFM-Net’s adaptive feature modulation ensures high-quality image reconstruction. On benchmark datasets, our LSNet achieves competitive accuracy with only 0.5M parameters, while our diffusion model improves image reconstruction quality by up to 28.51% mFID. The framework enables high-fidelity results from semantic maps compressed to <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>80</mn></mrow></math></span> of the original size, proving its efficiency for bandwidth-constrained scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 175-179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.015
Sehwan Heo , Junbeom Moon , Soon Ki Jung
{"title":"Action recognition: A comprehensive survey of tasks, methods, and challenges","authors":"Sehwan Heo , Junbeom Moon , Soon Ki Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Action recognition has emerged as a central research problem in computer vision, aiming to identify and understand human actions from video data. Over the past decade, the field has advanced from early convolutional approaches to sophisticated architectures capable of capturing complex spatio-temporal dependencies. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of action recognition across six major tasks: Action Classification, Temporal Action Localization, Spatio-temporal Action Localization, Temporal Action Segmentation, Online Action Detection, and Action Anticipation. For each task, we trace the methodological evolution from foundational models to recent state-of-the-art approaches, highlighting how key challenges such as long-range temporal modeling, viewpoint variation, boundary precision, over-segmentation, real-time inference, and future uncertainty have been addressed. We also reorganize benchmark results and evaluation metrics, presenting a unified perspective that facilitates fair comparisons and reproducible research. In addition, we analyze representative datasets, ranging from early benchmarks like UCF101 and HMDB51 to large-scale collections such as Kinetics, ActivityNet, and Epic-Kitchens, which have enabled rapid progress in both supervised and self-supervised learning. We discuss open issues and unresolved challenges, including the use of State Space Models for efficient sequence modeling, multimodal fusion techniques that dynamically assess modality reliability, synthetic data and weak supervision for reducing annotation costs, and fairness-aware frameworks that ensure ethical applicability. By consolidating a decade of progress, this survey offers a structured understanding of the action recognition landscape and aims to inspire further research toward robust, scalable, and responsible video understanding systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 32-49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.016
Sangwoo Choi , Minsik Kim , Daeyoung Park
{"title":"Optimal beamforming in over-the-air federated learning for efficient model aggregation","authors":"Sangwoo Choi , Minsik Kim , Daeyoung Park","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Federated learning (FL) enables distributed model training while preserving privacy, but frequent updates from many devices create substantial communication challenges. Over-the-air computation (AirComp) offers a solution by aggregating updates directly over wireless channels through signal superposition, reducing overhead. However, AirComp can increase the mean squared error (MSE) of aggregated signals, affecting model accuracy. This paper introduces a beamforming optimization framework for AirComp in FL systems, jointly optimizing base station beamforming and device transmission scaling to minimize MSE. Two algorithms are developed: a high-performance convex method (Miso-CVX) and a lower-complexity subgradient method (Miso-Subgradient), both balancing signal misalignment and noise. Extensive simulations show improved aggregation accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness to channel variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 136-141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.023
Younghoon Park
{"title":"Big Step: A fast quantum algorithm for nonce discovery in Proof-of-Work blockchains","authors":"Younghoon Park","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the emergence of quantum computing, Grover’s algorithm has been widely studied as a method to attack Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains. However, it requires multiple oracle and diffuser iterations, causing high computational overhead and ancilla qubit usage. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum algorithm that efficiently finds valid nonces in PoW-based blockchains without iterative amplification. It introduces a non-unitary quantum operator that directly generates a superposition of valid nonces in one step. We also present an efficient quantum circuit implementation and theoretically prove that our algorithm significantly reduces computational resources compared to conventional Grover-based methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.01.005
Sumesh Kharnotia , Bhavna Arora , Ravdeep Kour
{"title":"Feature-driven static analysis for learning-based android malware detection: A review","authors":"Sumesh Kharnotia , Bhavna Arora , Ravdeep Kour","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive embrace of Android has amplified malware risks, resulting in a need for better detection methods. This article investigates the area of static analysis, which analyses applications without execution by examining code and manifest files. We focus on studies from 2022 to 2025, regarding the feature extraction, datasets, feature selection, and approaches based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL). We conclude by defining the major limitations and research gaps presented in studies regarding static analysis, and many insights for potential development of detection models that are efficient, accurate, and lightweight to improve detection patterns of Android malware.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 186-208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.013
Li Wang , Jun Kit Chaw , Mei Choo Ang , Xiang Cheng , Halimah Badioze Zaman , Saraswathy Shamini Gunasekaran , Moamin A. Mahmoud
{"title":"A systematic review of knowledge distillation in industrial predictive maintenance: Applications, methods and challenges","authors":"Li Wang , Jun Kit Chaw , Mei Choo Ang , Xiang Cheng , Halimah Badioze Zaman , Saraswathy Shamini Gunasekaran , Moamin A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deploying deep learning models for predictive maintenance (PdM) is often constrained by high computational costs, limiting real-time industrial deployment. Knowledge distillation (KD) offers a lightweight alternative by transferring knowledge from large teachers to compact students. Despite growing research on KD in PdM, no systematic review has consolidated existing progress. This paper fills that gap by analyzing 48 KD-based PdM studies, identifying six key paradigms and analyzing their efficiency–accuracy trade-offs. This review highlights unresolved challenges and outlines future directions toward adaptive, cross-domain, and resource-efficient KD frameworks for intelligent industrial maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 147-167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.002
Dong Hyuck Woo , Ho Young Hwang
{"title":"QoS-aware energy-efficient attacks in IoT: Eavesdropping and jamming with power optimization for single and multicast receiver scenarios","authors":"Dong Hyuck Woo , Ho Young Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the number of devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to grow, security threats from suspicious communications have become a critical concern. This paper proposes a quality-of-service (QoS)-aware energy-efficient attack scheme that degrades the performance of suspicious devices through eavesdropping and jamming while preserving the QoS of legitimate devices. The scheme optimizes the attacker’s power to maximize attacker energy efficiency (AEE) under QoS constraints. Additionally, the model is extended to multicast scenarios with multiple legitimate receivers. Analytical and simulation results validate the accuracy of the model, demonstrating the scheme’s effectiveness in achieving high energy efficiency without compromising legitimate QoS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 267-272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}