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A novel radio resource allocation scheme for beam-hopping 6G satellite internet network based on graph mapping and generative adversarial network
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.03.002
Wenliang Lin , Bohan Zhu , Minwei Liu , Ke Wang , Zhongliang Deng , Yicheng Liao , Yang Liu , Zexi Huang , Heng Kang , Yishan He , Shimin Zhong
{"title":"A novel radio resource allocation scheme for beam-hopping 6G satellite internet network based on graph mapping and generative adversarial network","authors":"Wenliang Lin ,&nbsp;Bohan Zhu ,&nbsp;Minwei Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongliang Deng ,&nbsp;Yicheng Liao ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Zexi Huang ,&nbsp;Heng Kang ,&nbsp;Yishan He ,&nbsp;Shimin Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this letter, we are the first to focus on the issue of reliable and flexible radio resource allocation (RRA) for beam-hopping (BH) in satellite internet network (SIN). The main new challenges are accurate and dynamic radio resource modeling and high-efficiency RRA in high-dynamic scenarios. Therefore, we propose a novel RRA scheme for BH-SIN based on graph mapping and generative adversarial network (GAN). In our scheme, the characteristics of radio resources are first to be converted to graphical features. Then, the former RRA schemes are modeled as one of the adversarial objects, to adaptively optimize the next best solution to the changeable scenarios and situations. The simulation results show that the proposed RRA schemes improve the throughput and quality of service by 15% and 22%.</div><div>2018 The Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences. Publishing Services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (<span><span>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 228-234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DCT/DST-based frequency modulated-OFDM
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.03.001
Gosan Noh , Wooram Shin , Kyeongpyo Kim , Eunkyung Kim
{"title":"DCT/DST-based frequency modulated-OFDM","authors":"Gosan Noh ,&nbsp;Wooram Shin ,&nbsp;Kyeongpyo Kim ,&nbsp;Eunkyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the recent advancements in waveform design for wireless communication, the frequency-modulated orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (FM-OFDM) has gained attention due to its resilience to phase noise and Doppler spread, as well as its zero-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). We propose two alternative frequency-time conversion schemes based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete sine transform (DST) that can potentially supplant discrete Fourier transform (DFT) within FM-OFDM. Extensive simulations demonstrate that FM-OFDM waveforms utilizing DCT and DST can improve link performance compared to those based on DFT. Furthermore, employing frequency-domain spreading with DCT/DST-based FM-OFDM shows additional link performance enhancements. 2024 The Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences. Publishing Services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (<span><span>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 235-238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TranGDeepSC: Leveraging ViT knowledge in CNN-based semantic communication system
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.010
Tung Son Do, Thanh Phung Truong, Quang Tuan Do, Sungrae Cho
{"title":"TranGDeepSC: Leveraging ViT knowledge in CNN-based semantic communication system","authors":"Tung Son Do,&nbsp;Thanh Phung Truong,&nbsp;Quang Tuan Do,&nbsp;Sungrae Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces TranGDeepSC, a lightweight CNN-based deep semantic communication (DeepSC) system that leverages Vision Transformer (ViT) knowledge through co-training to enhance image transmission. Evaluated on CIFAR-100 across various SNRs, TranGDeepSC demonstrates competitive performance with ViTDeepSC, and outperforms SemViT and ADJSCC-V in image quality, particularly in low-SNR environments. Notably, it offers substantial gains in efficiency: 92.8% fewer parameters than ADJSCC-V, 72.0% lower energy use, and 48% faster processing than ViTDeepSC. These advantages make TranGDeepSC well-suited for resource-constrained applications in next-generation communication systems, including 6G, IoT, and real-time multimedia streaming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 335-340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review on multi-fidelity hyperparameter optimization in machine learning
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.008
Jonghyeon Won , Hyun-Suk Lee , Jang-Won Lee
{"title":"A review on multi-fidelity hyperparameter optimization in machine learning","authors":"Jonghyeon Won ,&nbsp;Hyun-Suk Lee ,&nbsp;Jang-Won Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuning hyperparameters effectively is crucial for improving the performance of machine learning models. However, hyperparameter optimization (HPO) often demands significant computational budget, which is typically limited. Therefore, efficiently using this constrained budget is critical in HPO. <em>Multi-fidelity HPO</em> has emerged as a potential solution to this issue. This paper presents a comprehensive review of multi-fidelity HPO in machine learning, discusses recent algorithms for HPO, and proposes directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 245-257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GRB-Sty: Redesign of Generative Residual Block for StyleGAN
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.007
Seung Park , Yong-Goo Shin
{"title":"GRB-Sty: Redesign of Generative Residual Block for StyleGAN","authors":"Seung Park ,&nbsp;Yong-Goo Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have previously published a paper introducing a novel module, the Generative Residual Block (GRB), which successfully enhances GAN performance. However, the experiments in the earlier paper were conducted on baseline models using spectral normalization, a technique seldom used today. To address this problem, we investigate the effectiveness of GRB on contemporary StyleGAN-based models. This paper introduces an enhanced version of GRB, termed GRB-Sty, which consistently boosts the performance of StyleGAN-based models and demonstrates versatility across various aspects. The significant performance enhancements observed in extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets highlight the compatibility of GRB-Sty with state-of-the-art methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 223-227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of integrated IDFT and Zadoff–Chu matrix precoding processes in OFDM systems
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.005
Kouji Ohuchi
{"title":"Analysis of integrated IDFT and Zadoff–Chu matrix precoding processes in OFDM systems","authors":"Kouji Ohuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peak signal reduction is a critical problem in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Herein, we focus on Zadoff–Chu matrix (ZCM) precoding as a peak signal reduction method and analyze its integration using the discrete Fourier transform process. The analysis reveals that the integrated process can be substituted by a sparse matrix multiplication and the influence of ZCM parameters on the sparse matrix is mathematically clarified. The results also show that the ZCM precoding works to produce a single-carrier signal and explains how the ZCM precoding reduces the peak of the OFDM signal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 354-357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robust hierarchical anomaly detection using feature impact in IoT networks
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.009
Joohong Rheey, Hyunggon Park
{"title":"Robust hierarchical anomaly detection using feature impact in IoT networks","authors":"Joohong Rheey,&nbsp;Hyunggon Park","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Security threats in Internet of Things (IoT) networks increased, but the lack of labeled data and limited resources hinder intrusion detection system design for IoT networks. We propose a robust hierarchical anomaly detection method based on a variational autoencoder for IoT networks. Our proposed approach includes a shallow detection stage for obvious outliers with an in-depth detection stage that explicitly measures the impact of individual features on latent representations using Shapley values, enhancing the ability to detect adversarial attacks without adversarial training. Simulations confirm the effectiveness against adversarial attacks, with almost 100% detection rates for NSL-KDD and CIC-IDS2017 datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 358-363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parallel implementation of GCM on GPUs
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.01.006
JaeSeok Lee , DongCheon Kim , Seog Chung Seo
{"title":"Parallel implementation of GCM on GPUs","authors":"JaeSeok Lee ,&nbsp;DongCheon Kim ,&nbsp;Seog Chung Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the first fully parallelized optimization of GCM in a GPU environment. As the era of IoT emerges, a large number of clients communicate with servers, necessitating encrypted communications for security. GCM is a type of AEAD and is currently used in various security protocols, including TLS 1.3 and IPsec. Due to the burden of performing encrypted communication with numerous clients, there has been significant research on utilizing GPUs for high-speed parallel processing in encryption. However, to date, there has been no fully parallelized implementation of GCM on GPUs. This paper proposes a method for parallelizing the challenging GHASH computation in GCM mode, leading to a high-speed parallel implementation of AES-GCM that can exceed 400Gb/s, meeting the requirements of next-generation communication systems. The proposed approach is algorithm-independent and can be applied to any block ciphers. Our implementation on an RTX 4090 demonstrates a performance improvement of <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>38</mn></mrow></math></span> compared to the maximum processing throughput of a multi-threaded Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K. It also achieves a <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>17</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>87</mn></mrow></math></span> improvement compared to a hybrid CPU–GPU system. Compared to the most researched FPGA implementation for GCM, specifically Xilinx Ultrascale FPGA, our implementation achieves <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></math></span> better performance. For not only throughput but also power efficiency also better than other implementation, it achieves <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>33</mn></mrow></math></span> compared to CPU implementation on Intel Xeon E3-1220, also it achieves <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>21</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>09</mn></mrow></math></span> compared to FPGA implementation for AES on Xilinx Virtex 7 series, which is not including full GCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 310-316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bit flipping-based error correcting output code construction for adversarial robustness of neural networks
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.002
Wooram Jang , Woojin Hwang , Kezhong Jin , Hosung Park
{"title":"Bit flipping-based error correcting output code construction for adversarial robustness of neural networks","authors":"Wooram Jang ,&nbsp;Woojin Hwang ,&nbsp;Kezhong Jin ,&nbsp;Hosung Park","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose a method for constructing error-correcting output codes (ECOCs) based on a codeword bit flipping algorithm to enhance adversarial robustness of neural networks. In the previous work in Verma and Swami (2019), ECOCs are applied to deep neural networks (DNNs) based on the analogy between channel noise and adversarial examples to achieve state-of-the-art adversarial robustness. To improve adversarial robustness, it was proposed in Wan et al. (2022) to optimize the Hamming distance between codewords and employ codeword assignment algorithms. Our study achieves approximately a 8% accuracy improvement on MNIST and CIFAR-10 under adversarial attacks compared to the method proposed in Wan et al. (2022).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 348-353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networks
IF 4.1 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.001
Chihyun Song , Donghyun Lee , Yunseong Lee , Wonjong Noh , Sungrae Cho
{"title":"Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networks","authors":"Chihyun Song ,&nbsp;Donghyun Lee ,&nbsp;Yunseong Lee ,&nbsp;Wonjong Noh ,&nbsp;Sungrae Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the simultaneous transmitting and reflecting (STAR) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been gaining attention as a key enabler for sixth-generation networks, providing additional links with reduction in power consumption. This paper investigates the STAR-RIS’s potential in a cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) network, where distributed APs serve user over the same time/frequency. We propose a deep deterministic policy gradient framework satisfying system-specific and per-user spectral efficiency constraints, exploiting a post-normalization and a penalized reward. From the simulations, it is revealed the proposed algorithm provides better energy performance than benchmarks, highlighting the benefits of STAR-RIS in the CF network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 341-347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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