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Individual CF tracking and management system using blockchain and zero-knowledge proof 个人CF跟踪管理系统采用区块链和零知识证明
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.008
Esmot Ara Tuli , Dong-Seong Kim
{"title":"Individual CF tracking and management system using blockchain and zero-knowledge proof","authors":"Esmot Ara Tuli ,&nbsp;Dong-Seong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change, driven by global warming and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, poses a significant global challenge. International organizations and governments are actively pursuing emission reduction strategies, yet these efforts are often constrained by the direct relationship between emissions and national economic activity. This paper proposes a blockchain-based carbon footprint (CF) management system named <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span>, that leverages data from IoT devices, and security is ensured by zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) to track and reduce CF at the individual level. Individual data is collected and converted into carbon coin, a hybrid (online-offline) crypto coin operating on the Pure Chain network. A smart contract, deployed on the Pure Chain network using the Pure Chain coin, governs the proposed system. Additionally, zk-SNARK is applied to implement ZKP for the validity and integrity of the information verification without revealing private information. Based on theoretical models and previous studies on behavior-based carbon reductions, it is expected that the system can achieve up to a 30% reduction in CF per user within the first year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 646-652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Malicious encrypted traffic identification model based on flow space-time features 基于流时空特征的恶意加密流量识别模型
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.007
Shi Dong, Jiayin Zang, Khushnood Abbas
{"title":"Malicious encrypted traffic identification model based on flow space-time features","authors":"Shi Dong,&nbsp;Jiayin Zang,&nbsp;Khushnood Abbas","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid proliferation of encrypted traffic in modern networks presents significant challenges for security monitoring and threat detection. While encryption enhances privacy, it also provides cover for malicious activities, making traditional deep packet inspection ineffective. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an interpretable and efficient deep learning framework for malicious encrypted traffic identification. Our model integrates 1D-CNN, BiLSTM, and a lightweight self-attention mechanism to capture both spatial and temporal characteristics of network flows while providing explainable predictions through attention visualization. Unlike computationally intensive Transformer-based approaches, our method achieves an optimal balance between accuracy and efficiency, making it suitable for real-world deployment. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets (USTC-TFC2016 and CICIDS-2017) demonstrate that our model achieves high accuracy with 0.82 ms inference time per flow, outperforming state-of-the-art methods while offering transparency in decision-making for security analysts. The proposed approach not only enhances detection performance but also provides operational interpretability, bridging the gap between automated threat detection and human-in-the-loop security operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 653-661"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Edge computing based surveillance framework for real time activity recognition” [ICT Express 7 (2021) 182–186] “基于边缘计算的实时活动识别监控框架”的勘误表[ICT Express 7 (2021) 182-186]
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.015
Aishwarya D, R.I. Minu
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Edge computing based surveillance framework for real time activity recognition” [ICT Express 7 (2021) 182–186]","authors":"Aishwarya D,&nbsp;R.I. Minu","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Page 758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the security of aggregate signature–based conditional privacy-preserving authentication schemes for VANETs 基于聚合签名的vanet条件保密认证方案安全性研究
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.012
Kyung-Ah Shim, Hyeokdong Kwon
{"title":"On the security of aggregate signature–based conditional privacy-preserving authentication schemes for VANETs","authors":"Kyung-Ah Shim,&nbsp;Hyeokdong Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Certificateless aggregate signature (CLAS) schemes enable multiple vehicles to combine their individual signatures into a single compact authenticator, significantly reducing transmission and verification overhead in bandwidth-constrained vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). This efficiency makes CLAS particularly attractive for real-time authentication in large-scale intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, we show that two representative CLAS-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication schemes, proposed by Zhu–Guan and Chen–Guan, are vulnerable to a Type I adversary capable of replacing a vehicle’s public key. Such an adversary can forge valid signatures on arbitrary messages without obtaining the vehicle’s partial private key due to the lack of cryptographic binding between public keys and ephemeral randomness, which allows algebraic elimination of the master public key during verification. We analyze the root causes of this flaw and propose hash-based countermeasures that enforce strong binding among all public components. Our results further reveal that conventional linear hash-dependent CLAS constructions face inherent limitations in balancing security, ultra-low latency, and scalability. Thus, a next-generation CLAS design paradigm is required one that moves beyond traditional linear architectures to achieve deployment-level performance in current 5G-V2X environments while being inherently scalable toward future 6G-enabled intelligent transportation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 566-570"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inter-satellite link technologies and applications in Low Earth Orbit satellite networks 卫星间链路技术及其在低地球轨道卫星网络中的应用
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.001
Byoungkyu Ji , Junghyun Han , Daeun Kim , Jihyeon Yun , Changhee Joo
{"title":"Inter-satellite link technologies and applications in Low Earth Orbit satellite networks","authors":"Byoungkyu Ji ,&nbsp;Junghyun Han ,&nbsp;Daeun Kim ,&nbsp;Jihyeon Yun ,&nbsp;Changhee Joo","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To support the objectives of next-generation networks, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications have attracted significant attention. In large-scale LEO constellations, Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs) are crucial for satisfying a range of network requirements. This work provides a comprehensive overview of ISLs from three perspectives. First, we introduce the ISL communication technologies, with an emphasis on satellite constellations and laser-based ISLs. Next, we explore the role of ISLs in traffic delivery within satellite networks, focusing on topology control, traffic scheduling, and routing strategies. Finally, we highlight key applications of ISL-enabled network systems, including their integration with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 576-592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A survey on security barriers and surveillance in wireless networks: Fundamentals and applications 无线网络中的安全屏障与监控:基础与应用
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.006
Hyunbum Kim
{"title":"A survey on security barriers and surveillance in wireless networks: Fundamentals and applications","authors":"Hyunbum Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Security barriers have been widely envisioned as a promising surveillance communication architecture in academic research areas and industrial fields in combination with wireless devices, mobile robots, UAVs, IoT. In this survey, we focus on recent progress and ongoing research studies for security barriers and surveillance in the essential aspects of barrier concept, relevant variations, centralized and distributed surveillance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of survey on security barriers and surveillance to embrace fundamentals and various applications including intrusion detection in 2D and 3D spaces, virtual emotion surveillance, secure monitoring for intelligent transportation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 615-629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial intelligence in industrial heat exchanger fouling prediction: A 20-year systematic review of AI, ML, and DL approaches 工业热交换器结垢预测中的人工智能:人工智能、机器学习和深度学习方法的20年系统回顾
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.003
Abdul Wahid Soomro , Miss Laiha Mat Kiah , Rafidah Md Noor , Salim Newaz Kazi , Kaleemullah Shaikh , Wajahat Ahmed Khan , Ihsan Ali
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in industrial heat exchanger fouling prediction: A 20-year systematic review of AI, ML, and DL approaches","authors":"Abdul Wahid Soomro ,&nbsp;Miss Laiha Mat Kiah ,&nbsp;Rafidah Md Noor ,&nbsp;Salim Newaz Kazi ,&nbsp;Kaleemullah Shaikh ,&nbsp;Wajahat Ahmed Khan ,&nbsp;Ihsan Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fouling in heat exchangers (HXs) affects various industries by lowering efficiency and increasing costs. Traditional fouling-prediction models often do not reflect important mechanistic information and thus become very complex and less reliable. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) open new frontiers, as these techniques can model complex correlations and work with large volumes of data. This review synthesizes 51 articles published between 2005 and June 2025, outlining key trends, persistent research limitations, and emerging directions. Models such as artificial neural networks (ANNs)/deep neural networks (DNNs) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) deliver the optimal results in terms of accurate prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 92-110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Partial encryption-based Shamir secret sharing for low-latency and secure networks 面向低延迟和安全网络的基于部分加密的Shamir秘密共享
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.006
Sun-Jin Lee, So-Eun Jeon, Il-Gu Lee
{"title":"Partial encryption-based Shamir secret sharing for low-latency and secure networks","authors":"Sun-Jin Lee,&nbsp;So-Eun Jeon,&nbsp;Il-Gu Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advances in next-generation wireless network technology is boosting the demand for ultra-low latency and reliable data-transmission technologies. Particularly, industries are adopting robust end-to-end encryption to enhance security. However, the delays inherent in conventional encryption methods make them unsuitable for meeting these demands. Therefore, this paper presents the Shamir secret sharing–partial encryption (SSS–PE) method, which encrypts only the minimal secret fragments within an SSS environment wherein data are distributed and transmitted. Experimental results indicate that SSS–PE improves secrecy throughput by 1.86 times and reduces latency by 1.38 times compared to the Advanced Encryption Standard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selective channel inversion protocol for over-the-air computation 无线计算的选择信道反转协议
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.016
Hyunwoo Jung , Jung-Bin Kim
{"title":"Selective channel inversion protocol for over-the-air computation","authors":"Hyunwoo Jung ,&nbsp;Jung-Bin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel selective channel inversion (SCI) protocol for over-the-air computation (AirComp) networks. The proposed SCI protocol reduces the overhead associated with channel state information (CSI) by broadcasting a predefined channel threshold. Furthermore, it improves mean squared error (MSE) performance by permitting transmission only from sensor nodes with favorable channel conditions. For an arbitrary channel distribution, an exact closed-form expression for the MSE is derived, from which an asymptotic expression for a large number of sensor nodes is obtained. Numerical results demonstrate that the asymptotic expression closely matches the exact result, even for a relatively small number of sensor nodes. An optimization problem is formulated to determine the optimal channel threshold under Nakagami-<span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span> fading channels, and it is analytically proven that the problem is convex. An algorithm for dynamically determining the threshold under arbitrary channel distributions is also presented. Numerical results demonstrate that SCI AirComp outperforms CI AirComp in scenarios with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high fading severity, and a large number of sensor nodes.</div><div>2018 The Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences. Publishing Services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (<span><span>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid-YOLO: Lightweight Mamba-Transformer Hybrid with multi-scale fusion for real-world traffic detection Hybrid- yolo:轻量级Mamba-Transformer混合动力车,具有多尺度融合,用于现实世界的流量检测
IF 4.2 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.09.002
Hongqing Wang , Jun Kit Chaw , Marizuana Mat Daud , Liantao Shi , Nannan Huang , Tin Tin Ting , Liuzhen Pu
{"title":"Hybrid-YOLO: Lightweight Mamba-Transformer Hybrid with multi-scale fusion for real-world traffic detection","authors":"Hongqing Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Kit Chaw ,&nbsp;Marizuana Mat Daud ,&nbsp;Liantao Shi ,&nbsp;Nannan Huang ,&nbsp;Tin Tin Ting ,&nbsp;Liuzhen Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle detection in complex traffic scenes remains challenging due to frequent occlusions, lighting variations, and extreme weather. We present Hybrid-YOLO, a real-time detection framework that unifies Mamba-based state space modeling, Transformer-driven global attention, and multi-scale feature fusion to achieve high accuracy at low computational cost. At its core, Hybrid-YOLO introduces a Dynamic Residual Stem (DR Stem) for adaptive feature calibration, a Hexa-Scan Selective Block (HSSBlock) for six-directional structural perception, and a Selective State Space Model (SSM) for efficient long-range dependency modeling. A Cross-Stage Scales Feature Extraction (CSSFE) module enriches spatial semantics for small-object detection, while a Sparse-Queries Cascade Self-Attention (SCS) module focuses computation on informative regions, enhancing robustness to clutter and background noise. Extensive experiments on KITTI, BDD100K, and IITM-HeTra show that Hybrid-YOLO achieves 90.11 [email protected] at 66.3 FPS, surpassing state-of-the-art methods in both accuracy and efficiency, and offering a promising solution for real-world intelligent transportation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 214-222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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