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Bandwidth allocation of URLLC for real-time packet traffic in B5G: A Deep-RL framework 为 B5G 中的实时数据包流量分配 URLLC 的带宽：Deep-RL 框架
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.008
Adeeb Salh , Razali Ngah , Ghasan Ali Hussain , Mohammed Alhartomi , Salah Boubkar , Nor Shahida M. Shah , Ruwaybih Alsulami , Saeed Alzahrani
{"title":"Bandwidth allocation of URLLC for real-time packet traffic in B5G: A Deep-RL framework","authors":"Adeeb Salh ,&nbsp;Razali Ngah ,&nbsp;Ghasan Ali Hussain ,&nbsp;Mohammed Alhartomi ,&nbsp;Salah Boubkar ,&nbsp;Nor Shahida M. Shah ,&nbsp;Ruwaybih Alsulami ,&nbsp;Saeed Alzahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By considering the limited energy of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. We take the resource allocation to guarantee the stringent Quality of Service (QoS) depending on the joint optimization of power control and finite blocklength of channel. To achieve large volumes of arrival rates, we propose Adversarial Training based Generative Adversarial Networks (AT-GANs), which utilize a significant number of extreme events to provide high reliability and adjust real data in real-time. Simulation results show that Deep-Reinforcement Learning (Deep-RL) for AT-GAN could eliminate the transient training time. As a result, the AT-GAN keeps the reliability higher than 99.9999%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001510/pdfft?md5=2bba500aed9b02e56c419e98b8a11f01&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001510-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138620275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FedHM: Practical federated learning for heterogeneous model deployments FedHM：异构模型部署的实用联合学习
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.07.013
JaeYeon Park, JeongGil Ko
{"title":"FedHM: Practical federated learning for heterogeneous model deployments","authors":"JaeYeon Park,&nbsp;JeongGil Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we propose a novel federated learning framework named FedHM that aims to address the challenge of training models on heterogeneous devices with varying architectures. Our approach enables the collaborative training of diverse local models by sharing a fully convolutional network (FCN) architecture that effectively extracts the local-to-global representations. By leveraging the weights with respect to this abstraction as common information across different DNN architectures, FedHM achieves efficient federated learning with minimal computational and communication overhead. We compare FedHM with three federated learning frameworks using two datasets for image classification tasks. Our results show that FedHM achieves high accuracy with considerably lower computational and communication costs compared to the other frameworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 387-392"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523000929/pdfft?md5=31618bb4facf60d8c6e48344dd1c883c&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523000929-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73525383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aerial computing: Enhancing mobile cloud computing with unmanned aerial vehicles as data bridges—A Markov chain based dependability quantification 空中计算：利用作为数据桥梁的无人驾驶飞行器增强移动云计算--基于马尔可夫链的可靠性量化
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.10.002
Francisco Airton Silva , Iure Fe , Carlos Brito , Gabriel Araujo , Leonel Feitosa , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Kwonsu Jeon , Jae-Woo Lee , Dugki Min , Eunmi Choi
{"title":"Aerial computing: Enhancing mobile cloud computing with unmanned aerial vehicles as data bridges—A Markov chain based dependability quantification","authors":"Francisco Airton Silva ,&nbsp;Iure Fe ,&nbsp;Carlos Brito ,&nbsp;Gabriel Araujo ,&nbsp;Leonel Feitosa ,&nbsp;Tuan Anh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Kwonsu Jeon ,&nbsp;Jae-Woo Lee ,&nbsp;Dugki Min ,&nbsp;Eunmi Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aerial Computing, utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has emerged as a promising solution to enhance mobile cloud computing (MCC) infrastructure for the Internet of Things (IoT). The continuous generation of vast amounts of data by IoT devices requires efficient processing and monitoring for timely decision-making. However, wireless connections between IoT devices and remote servers can be unreliable, resulting in data loss. UAVs, with their increasing processing power and autonomy, can act as bridges between IoT devices and remote servers such as edge or cloud computing. In that context, this paper proposes a continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) models for an aerial computing system to evaluate system dependability metrics including availability and reliability. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to provide extended CTMC models with improved system availability. The proposed advanced model reduces downtime by 62 h compared to the baseline model, showcasing the potential of UAVs in enhancing the availability and reliability of MCC infrastructures. The use of UAVs and MCC in aerial computing is believed to be a win–win solution for cost-effective and energy-saving communication and computation services in various environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 406-411"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001182/pdfft?md5=fc5df7b79d984aa19e99dbedef259dd0&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135654721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Covert communications in a compress-and-forward relay system 压缩转发中继系统中的秘密通信
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.08.005
Jihwan Moon
{"title":"Covert communications in a compress-and-forward relay system","authors":"Jihwan Moon","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we study covert communications strategies in a compress-and-forward (CF) relay system. Along with a public message to a destination node via a CF relay, a source node attempts to transmit a covert message while evading the surveillance of the CF relay. We identify the optimal power distribution between the public and covert messages and the optimal amount of compression that maximize the covert rate subject to the minimum detection error probability requirement. Our provided solutions also reveal that both the power distribution and the achievable covert rate are identical to that of an equivalent amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system if an adequate quantization codebook with the optimal compression is employed. The numerical results verify the effectiveness of the optimal solutions and confirm our analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 412-417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240595952300098X/pdfft?md5=a513fe5ed5c0cd6e58daf7815dc8abd2&pid=1-s2.0-S240595952300098X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83507969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Golay decoding method using auto-encoder and OSD 使用自动编码器和 OSD 的新戈莱解码方法
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.006
Hyun Woo Cho, Young Joon Song
{"title":"New Golay decoding method using auto-encoder and OSD","authors":"Hyun Woo Cho,&nbsp;Young Joon Song","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we explore the potential of leveraging machine learning techniques, specifically auto-encoders (AE), for the decoding of linear block codes. Our findings suggest that this approach can outperform the conventional ordered statistics decoding (OSD) method, especially in a Rayleigh fading channel environment. We have rigorously trained the AE under both additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading channel conditions to ensure robustness in its performance. The output of the AE is combined with the received vector in a suitable manner to perform OSD. Through our experiments, we demonstrate that this proposed decoding approach yields better results than the conventional OSD method in Rayleigh fading channel when we used (23,12) Golay code.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 393-399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959524000195/pdfft?md5=145d2eda60e498b89dc0d544f4bd38b2&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959524000195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metaverse in advanced manufacturing: Background, applications, limitations, open issues & future directions 先进制造业中的 Metaverse：背景、应用、局限性、未决问题和未来方向
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.010
Gabriel Chukwunonso Amaizu, Judith Nkechinyere Njoku, Jae-Min Lee, Dong-Seong Kim
{"title":"Metaverse in advanced manufacturing: Background, applications, limitations, open issues & future directions","authors":"Gabriel Chukwunonso Amaizu,&nbsp;Judith Nkechinyere Njoku,&nbsp;Jae-Min Lee,&nbsp;Dong-Seong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The metaverse promises to revolutionize the internet by introducing a new era of three-dimensional objects. The advancements in artificial intelligence and immersive technologies have made the metaverse a trending topic in various industries, including manufacturing. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the metaverse, its underlying technologies, and the current trends shaping its development. By delving into the concept and potential applications of the metaverse in manufacturing, we seek to uncover its transformative benefits for the industry. Through an exploration of existing use cases, we aim to highlight the practical implications of the metaverse. Recognizing the need for further research, this study also addresses the limitations, privacy concerns, and security implications associated with the metaverse. By examining these aspects, we hope to motivate further investigation and contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding this emerging paradigm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 233-255"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959524000237/pdfft?md5=aa54afdc330f61cf9a1c1da88960706e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959524000237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A channel estimation method using denoising autoencoder for large-scale asymmetric backscatter systems 使用去噪自动编码器的大规模非对称反向散射系统信道估计方法
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.09.002
Chae Yoon Jung, Jae-Mo Kang, Dong In Kim
{"title":"A channel estimation method using denoising autoencoder for large-scale asymmetric backscatter systems","authors":"Chae Yoon Jung,&nbsp;Jae-Mo Kang,&nbsp;Dong In Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel channel estimation method based on deep learning algorithm is proposed for large-scale IoT networks. We consider <em>asymmetric</em> backscatter communication system to maintain low-power at sensor nodes. In order to obtain channel data, we design denoising autoencoder which consists of encoder with Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) and decoder with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Finally, the channel estimation error is minimized, while the pilots are optimized. Especially, we adopt beamforming technique that relies only on cascaded channel data to reduce complexity in multi-sensor system. It is shown that the accuracy is slightly degraded while the complexity is greatly reduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 400-405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001169/pdfft?md5=625496ec7316cebbd67a439db4431a5a&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001169-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metaverse search system: Architecture, challenges, and potential applications 元搜索系统：架构、挑战和潜在应用
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.12.006
Soorim Yang, Hyeong-jun Joo, Jaeho Kim
{"title":"Metaverse search system: Architecture, challenges, and potential applications","authors":"Soorim Yang,&nbsp;Hyeong-jun Joo,&nbsp;Jaeho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Like numerous new websites created globally every day on the web, new spaces are constantly produced in the metaverse and interconnected to each other through the Internet. The continuous expansion of the metaverse space requires a search system that supports efficiently navigating and retrieving globally distributed spaces. Current metaverse search systems are limited to text-based retrieval within local platforms, and web search systems have critical limitations to apply to the metaverse. In this study, we propose an architecture for a metaverse search system that overcomes these limitations, enabling global space search across the distributed metaverse. We analyze the gaps between the web and the metaverse, identify challenges and technologies in developing a metaverse search system, and explore potential applications from different user perspectives. This study sets the foundation for a seamless browsing experience in the metaverse, enabling users to navigate three-dimensional spaces easily and freely, similar to surfing the traditional web.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 431-441"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001649/pdfft?md5=fd634ac2ea1dac7299970eaeba342a5a&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001649-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bayesian Stackelberg game approach for cyber mission impact assessment 网络任务影响评估的贝叶斯-斯塔克尔伯格博弈方法
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.003
Donghwan Lee, Donghwa Kim, Myung Kil Ahn, Seongkee Lee
{"title":"Bayesian Stackelberg game approach for cyber mission impact assessment","authors":"Donghwan Lee,&nbsp;Donghwa Kim,&nbsp;Myung Kil Ahn,&nbsp;Seongkee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyber threats increasingly target mission-critical systems in the military and private sectors. CMIA has emerged to mitigate such cyber threats and assure the resilience of critical missions. Existing approaches merely provide partial, manual analysis methods to support CMIA and lack the ability to provide optimal defense measures. In this paper, we propose a novel CMIA framework enabling a streamlined, automated CMIA procedure, based on the Bayesian Stackelburg game. Unlike conventional approaches, our framework provides the most probable cyber threat and the optimal defense, i.e., countermeasures against the cyber threat in a given mission environment, securing the resilience of mission-critical systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001467/pdfft?md5=d933ea3811e8e768564d1f3be7d664ab&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001467-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135671428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of re-configurable intelligent surface-assisted underwater and free-space wireless optical communication in the skip-zones 可重新配置的智能水面辅助水下和自由空间无线光通信跳区性能评估
IF 5.4 3区 计算机科学
ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.08.004
Prasad Naik Ramavath , Wan-Young Chung
{"title":"Performance evaluation of re-configurable intelligent surface-assisted underwater and free-space wireless optical communication in the skip-zones","authors":"Prasad Naik Ramavath ,&nbsp;Wan-Young Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Note that 40% of the world’s population, <span><math><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>e</mi><mo>.</mo><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> three billion people, live within 100 km of the ocean or seashore surfaces. To explore and experience marine life, human activities in ocean-based environments are increasing day-by-day. To make human activities safer and stronger, highly efficient and reliable wireless communication is crucial for conveying any unnatural things that occur in oceans. Exploring the vast environment is difficult because of its rapidly changing characteristics, which creates various levels of skip-zone, resulting in the loss of information. A re-configurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted optical link is employed to mitigate the effects of skip-zones and enable high-speed and efficient communication links. In addition to this, it is also necessary to convey information to the coastal line through a RIS-assisted free-space optical (FSO) link. In this study, we propose a RIS-assisted dual-hop underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC)-FSO communication system. For the proposed RIS-based dual-hop UWOC-FSO system, closed-form expressions for the outage probability (OP), bit error rate (BER) for coherent and non-coherent type binary phase-shift keying, binary frequency shift keying modulation schemes are derived and results are corroborated with the Monte-Carlo simulations and asymptotic analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 320-329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523000978/pdfft?md5=386779693ebbbf34148555fd972addb2&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523000978-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78239118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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