{"title":"Fusion of bidirectional neural networks decision for a high accuracy breast cancer detection based on DNA biomarker","authors":"Roslidar Roslidar , Qurrata A’yuni , M. Zulhamsyah , Fitri Arnia , Afnan Afnan , Essy Harnelly","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of deep learning-based sequence modeling for breast cancer classification using DNA biomarker data. A decision fusion method Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Unit is proposed to distinguish between normal and cancer-related protein sequences. A total of 1217 sequences were collected from the Protein Data Bank, pre-processed using multiple alignment of fast Fourier transform and basic local alignment search tool for similarity analysis, and transformed into numerical representations using integer and label encoding. The results demonstrate that the rule-based decision fusion approach has effectively classified DNA biomarkers with an accuracy rate of 99.18%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 559-565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.011
Sooyeob Jung , Pansoo Kim , Song Noh , Junse Lee
{"title":"Connectivity and stability analysis for UAVs in urban networks","authors":"Sooyeob Jung , Pansoo Kim , Song Noh , Junse Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-altitude UAVs are frequently blocked by obstacles (or buildings) in urban networks. So, the link stability is as critical as coverage probability. In this paper, we analyze the dynamic connectivity of a UAV-to-Ground link using stochastic geometry. We model buildings as a marked homogeneous Poisson Point Process. Using this model, we obtain analytical expressions for the mean total connection time and the expected number of interruptions. We reveal a fundamental trade-off between improving connection time and interruptions. We provide the existence of an optimal flight altitude numerically, which balances the connectivity and stability of a UAV-to-ground link.</div><div>2018 The Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences. Publishing Services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (<span><span>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 571-575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gradient Boosting Classifier with Zebra optimization algorithm for pregnancy risk prediction","authors":"Proshenjit Sarker , Abdullah-Al Nahid , Md Abdus Samad , Kwonhue Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-risk pregnancy endangers both mother and baby, with one maternal death every two minutes in 2023. This study has proposed three Gradient Boosting models — GB-Base, GB-SMOTE, and ZOA-GB — using the West Lombok Pregnancy Risk Prediction Dataset. GB-Base and GB-SMOTE have achieved 90.46% and 90.28% accuracy, while ZOA-GB, using 10 selected features, has reached 88.89%. GB-SMOTE has shown the best performance with an F-score of 84.41%. SHAP has identified Maternal Age, Hemoglobin, and Parity as key features, and DiCE has validated feature-driven prediction control. The study is limited by a single-source dataset, the absence of external-validation, and unexplored optimizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 693-700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.004
Dharani Sabari Samudrala, Rajiv Senapati
{"title":"Advanced temporal attention mechanism based traffic prediction model for 5G and beyond cellular networks","authors":"Dharani Sabari Samudrala, Rajiv Senapati","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of cellular networks depends heavily on accurate traffic prediction, as it is essential for smooth service delivery and effective resource management. However, the unpredictable and constantly changing patterns of network activity make this task highly challenging. Traditional forecasting approaches often fall short in representing these complex dependencies, leading to reduced prediction accuracy and inefficiency. To address this issue, the objective of this work is to design a prediction model that is both accurate and computationally efficient. In this paper, we have proposed a lightweight hybrid prediction model integrated with an Advanced Temporal model with Attention Mechanism (ATAM). The temporal attention mechanism enhances the model’s ability to focus on relevant sequential patterns, while the hybrid architecture ensures computational efficiency and scalability for real-time deployment. The model’s performance is evaluated through Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and paired t-test demonstrating significant improvements over traditional forecasting approaches. These findings highlight that combining temporal attention with lightweight architecture enhances predictive performance while maintaining efficiency. In conclusion, the ATAM-based framework offers a reliable solution for traffic prediction in 5G and beyond cellular networks. Further our proposed model can be extended to support adaptive resource allocation strategies, thereby enabling operators to optimize network quality of service while reducing computational overhead.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 537-544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.002
Raksha Naravi Pai, Sheikh Mohammed Shuhood, Ajitha Shenoy, Poornalatha G.
{"title":"Image restoration using deep learning techniques: A comprehensive review","authors":"Raksha Naravi Pai, Sheikh Mohammed Shuhood, Ajitha Shenoy, Poornalatha G.","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Image restoration plays a vital role in computer vision by enhancing degraded images. Deep learning techniques, including convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial networks, have significantly advanced this field. The key tasks include deblurring, inpainting, denoising, and super-resolution. This study reviews current restoration methods and compares their strengths and limitations across various applications. It identifies areas for improvement and recommends suitable techniques for specific tasks. The applications span healthcare, underwater imaging, and the preservation of old photographs. Enhanced restoration enables better interpretation, storage, and usability of visual data across diverse domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 593-609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.011
Antoine Hitayezu, Jui-Tang Wang, Tang Chen Chia
{"title":"From 2G to 6G: A comprehensive survey on the evolution and enhancement of AKA protocols for next-generation wireless networks","authors":"Antoine Hitayezu, Jui-Tang Wang, Tang Chen Chia","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocols are essential for secure communication in mobile networks, evolving from basic 2G mechanisms to advanced 5G systems. This survey reviews the development of AKA protocols, including single-user, group-based, aggregated, and PUF-based variants. We assess security challenges such as replay attacks, signaling overload, and authentication latency. The paper also explores how emerging technologies-AI, edge computing, blockchain, and post-quantum cryptography-support future-proof authentication. Consideration is given to application contexts like smart cities, industrial IoT, and disaster recovery. The study aims to guide optimized AKA design as networks transition toward 6G and ultra-dense, low-latency environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 630-640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.012
Young Jae Moon, Yeon Ho Chung
{"title":"A hybrid mode intensity multiplexing method for OAM communications with crosstalk-bounded waists","authors":"Young Jae Moon, Yeon Ho Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based multiplexing enables high-capacity optical communication. However, conventional fixed-waist OAM multiplexing systems have limited channel constellations due to beam divergence and finite-aperture truncation. We propose a hybrid mode intensity multiplexing (MIM) framework that jointly varies beam waist, amplitude, and wavelength for efficient high-capacity OAM communications. Beam waists are selected to meet a pre-calibrated crosstalk bound using spacing rules that account for the Gouy phase, and the OAM states are combined with wavelength-division multiplexing to enhance the capacity. We demonstrate that a well-conditioned channel matrix with pre-calibrated beam waists shows stable capacity scaling. This results in a threefold increase in aggregate spectral efficiency and a 2.5-fold improvement in capacity over (i) fixed-waist OAM multiplexing systems and (ii) an OAM–MIMO spatial multiplexing baseline under identical aperture, power, and misalignment settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 641-645"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.021
Deok-Woong Kim, Seung-Hwan Bae
{"title":"Improving data-free quantization with confidence-guided data synthesis","authors":"Deok-Woong Kim, Seung-Hwan Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data-Free Quantization (DFQ) enables model quantization without real data. Therefore, the accuracy of DFQ is largely affected by generated samples. However, we find that confidence distributions predicted from full-precision model over real and synthetic samples are significantly dissimilar, and this distribution discrepancy undermines quantization accuracy. To resolve this, we present an entropy regularization during synthetic data generation to make it resemble to real one much more. Furthermore, we propose Scaled Logit Alignment during quantization-aware training to bridge the representational gap between models. Our method achieves superior performance compared to the recent DFQ methods on ViT, CNN, and object detector architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 707-713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ICT ExpressPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-09DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.004
Kichang Lee , Beomseok Seo , JaeYeon Park
{"title":"FedUNet: A lightweight additive U-Net module for federated learning with heterogeneous models","authors":"Kichang Lee , Beomseok Seo , JaeYeon Park","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2026.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Federated learning (FL) enables decentralized model training without sharing data, but most existing methods assume homogeneous model architectures across clients, limiting applicability in heterogeneous real-world environments. We propose <strong><em>FedUNet</em></strong>, a lightweight and architecture-agnostic FL framework that introduces an additive U-Net-inspired module attached to each client’s backbone. By sharing only the compact bottleneck of the U-Net, <strong><em>FedUNet</em></strong> enables efficient knowledge transfer without architectural alignment, shared data, or costly distillation. The encoder–decoder structure with skip connections integrates multi-scale features into a shared latent space, promoting client-invariant representation alignment across heterogeneous models. Experimental results on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 with VGG and ResNet backbones show that <strong><em>FedUNet</em></strong> achieves high accuracy with significantly reduced communication and computational overhead. Notably, a full U-Net attains 93.92% accuracy while requiring only 0.89 MB of communication per round, highlighting its practicality for resource-constrained FL systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 610-614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}