International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials最新文献_第2页

Failure mechanisms in flexible electronics 柔性电子的失效机制

3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2261775

Zhehui Zhao, Haoran Fu, Ruitao Tang, Bocheng Zhang, Yunmin Chen, Jianqun Jiang

{"title":"Failure mechanisms in flexible electronics","authors":"Zhehui Zhao, Haoran Fu, Ruitao Tang, Bocheng Zhang, Yunmin Chen, Jianqun Jiang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2261775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2261775","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of flexible electronic devices promises to revolutionize numerous fields by expanding the applications of smart devices. Nevertheless, despite this vast potential, the reliability of these innovative devices currently falls short, especially in light of demanding operation environment and the intrinsic challenges associated with their fabrication techniques. The heterogeneity in these processes and environments gives rise to unique failure modes throughout the devices’ lifespan. To significantly enhance the reliability of these devices and assure long-term performance, it is paramount to comprehend the underpinning failure mechanisms thoroughly, thereby enabling optimal design solutions. A myriad of investigative efforts have been dedicated to unravel these failure mechanisms, utilizing a spectrum of tools from analytical models, numerical methods, to advanced characterization methods. This review delves into the root causes of device failure, scrutinizing both the fabrication process and the operation environment. Next, We subsequently address the failure mechanisms across four commonly observed modes: strength failure, fatigue failure, interfacial failure, and electrical failure, followed by an overview of targeted characterization methods associated with each mechanism. Concluding with an outlook, we spotlight ongoing challenges and promising directions for future research in our pursuit of highly resilient flexible electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-sensing magnetic actuators of bilayer hydrogels 双层水凝胶的自传感磁致动器

3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2257616

Shengyuan Zhang, Huangsan Wei, Jingda Tang

{"title":"Self-sensing magnetic actuators of bilayer hydrogels","authors":"Shengyuan Zhang, Huangsan Wei, Jingda Tang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2257616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2257616","url":null,"abstract":"Hard magnetic soft robots have been widely used in biomedical engineering. In these applications, it is crucial to sense the movement of soft robots and their interaction with target objects. Here, we propose a strategy to fabricate a self-sensing bilayer actuator by combining magnetic and ionic conductive hydrogels. The magnetic hydrogel containing NdFeB particles exhibits rapid response to magnetic field and achieve bending deformation. Meanwhile, the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel with lithium chloride (LiCl) allows for the sensing of deformation. The bending behavior of the bilayer under magnetic field is well captured by theoretical and simulated models. Additionally, the bilayer strain sensor shows good sensitivity, stability and can endure a wide-range cyclic stretching (0–300%). These merits qualify the self-sensing actuator to monitor the motion signals, such as bending of fingers and grasping process of an intelligent gripper. When subject to an external magnetic field, the gripper can grab a cube and sense the resistance change simultaneously to detect the object size. This work may provide a versatile strategy to integrate actuating and self-sensing ability in soft robots.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel reprocessable chloroprene rubber based on dynamic disulfide metathesis 一种基于动态二硫化物复分解的新型可再加工氯丁橡胶

3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2258830

Jianliang Jiang, Junxue Zhai, Yanqing Chen, Dongqi Zhao, Yakai Feng

{"title":"A novel reprocessable chloroprene rubber based on dynamic disulfide metathesis","authors":"Jianliang Jiang, Junxue Zhai, Yanqing Chen, Dongqi Zhao, Yakai Feng","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2258830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2258830","url":null,"abstract":"For sustainable application of chloroprene rubber (CR), a new technology is developed by the vulcanization of CR using 2,2’-dithiodipyridine (DPD) as a cross-linking agent with the reprocessing performance owing to disulfide metathesis. When DPD was incorporated into CR vulcanization, the Menschutkin reaction between allyl chloride group and pyridine group occurred with a maximum exothermic peak at 184°C. The number of effective cross-linking bond at 0.5 phr DPD vulcanizate was higher than that at high DPD content. This vulcanizate showed high tensile strength (11.12 MPa) and elongation at break (1253 ± 120%) owing to the exchangeable disulfide bond in the system. Under the catalysis of triphenylphosphine, the metathesis of disulfide compound was improved obviously, which endowed CR/DPD vulcanizates with good recyclability performance. Disulfide cross-linkage maintains its stability at low temperature, thus ensuring the mechanical stability of CR/DPD vulcanizate under the ambient conditions. Vulcanization and reprocessing of CR/DPD vulcanizate can be conducted with common industrial rubber processing equipment. Such reprocessable chloroprene rubber could have potential application in CR industry, also serve to significantly improve environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136308493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time-dependent mechanical behavior of tough hydrogels under multiaxial stretching 韧性水凝胶在多轴拉伸下随时间变化的力学行为

3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2255554

Yong Liu, Yang Chen, Jie Zhu, Mengze Lu, Chuanxia Jiang, Zhiwei Fan, Taolin Sun

{"title":"Time-dependent mechanical behavior of tough hydrogels under multiaxial stretching","authors":"Yong Liu, Yang Chen, Jie Zhu, Mengze Lu, Chuanxia Jiang, Zhiwei Fan, Taolin Sun","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2255554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2255554","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the time-dependent mechanical behavior of tough and viscoelastic hydrogels under complex external loading is crucial. In this study, we utilized tough and viscoelastic hydrogels synthesized through the copolymerization of methacrylic acid and methacrylamide as a model system to investigate their mechanical behavior under multiaxial stretching across a wide range of strain rates. Three stretching modes examined were uniaxial, pure shear, and equal biaxial stretching. Our findings show that under equal biaxial stretching, the hydrogels exhibit higher mechanical properties and energy dissipation compared to uniaxial and pure shear stretching, owing to the greater contribution of hydrogen bonds to energy dissipation in the former stretching mode. Additionally, employing the time-elongation separability method during the stretching process, we observed that the relaxation of dynamic hydrogen bonds in the hydrogels only depends on stretching time, independent of the elongation ratio and stretching modes. We anticipate that this study will yield valuable contributions to the design of durable load-bearing soft materials, particularly in dealing with complex deformation and strain rate responses.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Liquid crystal elastomer composites for soft actuators 软致动器用液晶弹性体复合材料

IF 3.9 3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2251926

Jianbo Sun, Chao Wang, Yongjiao Liu, Xudong Liang, Zhijian Wang

引用次数: 0

Mechanical design and analysis of bio-inspired reentrant negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterials with rigid-flexible distinction 具有刚柔特性的仿生可重入负泊松比超材料的力学设计与分析

IF 3.9 3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2246928

Xinchun Zhang, Junyu Wang, Qidong Sun, Jingyang Li, Sheng Zhou, Junfeng Qi, Ran Tao

引用次数: 1

Specimen size effect on the fracture energy of architected stretchable materials 试件尺寸对结构拉伸材料断裂能的影响

IF 3.9 3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2246420

Xiao Li, Libo Men, Yicong Yu, Zhaoyang Hou, Zhengjing Wang

{"title":"Specimen size effect on the fracture energy of architected stretchable materials","authors":"Xiao Li, Libo Men, Yicong Yu, Zhaoyang Hou, Zhengjing Wang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2246420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2246420","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Architected stretchable materials with well-organized micro-architectures evolve very rapidly due to their potential in customizing mechanical properties and achieving exotic functions. In many applications, the architected stretchable materials are required to sustain large deformation, and their fracture is size-dependent. However, the size effect on the fracture of architected stretchable materials is still elusive. Here, we study this issue by experiment and finite element calculation. It is found that the fracture energy of architected stretchable materials increases with the specimen size ratio, H/h, within a range. When H/h reaches a transition ratio, R t , the fracture energy approaches a plateau. This transition ratio differentiates the size-dependent and size-independent fracture behavior of architected stretchable materials. The mechanical properties of constituent material only have a minor effect on the transition ratio. The degree of constraint and stress concentration at the node, which are affected by the geometry of the unit-cell, dominate the specimen size effect. The result gives a practical guidance in choosing the specimen size to measure the steady state fracture energy of this class of materials. This work provides insights into the fracture of architected stretchable materials and design for fracture-resistant architected stretchable devices. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41495156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thin, soft, skin-integrated electronics for real-time and wireless detection of uric acid in sweat 薄，软，皮肤集成电子实时和无线检测汗液中的尿酸

IF 3.9 3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2236997

Yue Hu, Lan Wang, Jian Li, Yawen Yang, G. Zhao, Yiming Liu, Xingcan Huang, Pengcheng Wu, Binbin Zhang, Yanli Jiao, Mengge Wu, Shengxin Jia, Qiang Zhang, Guoqiang Xu, Rui Shi, Dengfeng Li, Yingchun Li, Zhengchun Peng, Xinge Yu

{"title":"Thin, soft, skin-integrated electronics for real-time and wireless detection of uric acid in sweat","authors":"Yue Hu, Lan Wang, Jian Li, Yawen Yang, G. Zhao, Yiming Liu, Xingcan Huang, Pengcheng Wu, Binbin Zhang, Yanli Jiao, Mengge Wu, Shengxin Jia, Qiang Zhang, Guoqiang Xu, Rui Shi, Dengfeng Li, Yingchun Li, Zhengchun Peng, Xinge Yu","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2236997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2236997","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wearable sweat sensors are gaining significant attention due to their unparalleled potential for noninvasive health monitoring. Sweat, as a kind of body fluid, contains informative physiological indicators that are related to personalized health status. Advances in wearable sweat sampling and routing technologies, flexible, and stretchable materials, and wireless digital technologies have led to the development of integrated sweat sensors that are comfortable, flexible, light, and intelligent. Herein, we report a flexible and integrated wearable device via incorporating a microfluidic system and a sensing chip with skin-integrated electronic format toward in-situ monitoring of uric acid (UA) in sweat that associates with gout, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. The microfluidic system validly realizes the real-time capture perspiration from human skin. The obtained detection range is 5–200 μM and the detection limit is 1.79 μM, which offers an importance diagnostic method for clinical relevant lab test. The soft and flexible features of the constructed device allows it to be mounted onto nearly anywhere on the body. We tested the sweat UA in diverse subjects and various body locations during exercise, and similar trends were also observed by using a commercial UA assay kit. undefined","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Antimicrobial silicone skin adhesives facilitated by controlled octenidine release from glycerol compartments 通过控制辛尼丁从甘油室的释放促进抗菌有机硅皮肤粘合剂

IF 3.9 3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2240743

V. Chiaula, J. Jeppe Madsen, F. B. Madsen, P. Mazurek, A. C. Nielsen, A. Skov

{"title":"Antimicrobial silicone skin adhesives facilitated by controlled octenidine release from glycerol compartments","authors":"V. Chiaula, J. Jeppe Madsen, F. B. Madsen, P. Mazurek, A. C. Nielsen, A. Skov","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2240743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2240743","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For improved wound healing, antimicrobial adhesives are one path forward. However, with the current challenge of bacterial resistance, it is essential to choose the included drug carefully. Octenidine is an obvious choice due to its broad antimicrobial efficacy and no reported bacterial resistance. In its pure form, octenidine complexes efficiently with the platinum catalyst in the silicone composition, inhibiting the targeted hydrosilylation reaction and hindering curing. This obstacle is overcome by screening octenidine with cyclodextrins in homogeneously dispersed glycerol droplets, suppressing Pt inhibition in the silicone phase. Curing efficiency is demonstrated using rheology, which shows that it is possible to incorporate one wt% of octenidine into glycerol–silicone adhesives in the presence of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin without affecting the adhesives’ mechanical properties. The interaction between octenidine and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin through an inclusion complex is confirmed by ROESY spectroscopy. Despite this screening, octenidine is still released efficiently from the glycerol–silicone adhesives upon contact with water, and the resulting antimicrobial action is subsequently demonstrated. This new technology constitutes a simple and efficient method for preparing wound care adhesives that actively inhibit the growth of four bacteria strains and one fungus. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"369 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46775722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sinusoidally architected helicoidal composites inspired by the dactyl club of mantis shrimp 正弦结构的螺旋复合材料，灵感来自于螳螂虾的dactyl俱乐部

IF 3.9 3区材料科学

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2236572

Ruiheng Yang, Huitian Wang, Bing Wang, Sheng Zhang, Zhiping Huang, Shan Yin

{"title":"Sinusoidally architected helicoidal composites inspired by the dactyl club of mantis shrimp","authors":"Ruiheng Yang, Huitian Wang, Bing Wang, Sheng Zhang, Zhiping Huang, Shan Yin","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2236572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2236572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The impact region of the dactyl club of mantis shrimp features a rare sinusoidally helicoidal architecture, contributing to its efficient impact-resistant characteristics. This study aims to attain bioinspired sinusoidally architected composites from a practical engineering way. Morphological features of plain-woven fabric were characterized, which demonstrated that the interweaving warp and weft yarns exhibited a sinusoidal architecture. Interconnected woven composites were thus employed and helicoidally stacked to achieve the desired structure. Quasi-static three-point bending and low-velocity impact tests were subsequently performed to evaluate their mechanical performance. Under three-point bending condition, the dominant failure mode gradually changed from fiber breakage to delamination with the increase in the pitch angle. Failure displacement and energy absorption of the helicoidal woven composites were, respectively, 43.89% and 141.90% greater than the unidirectional ones. Under low-velocity impact condition, the damage area of the helicoidal woven composites decreased by 49.66% while the residual strength increased by 10.10% compared with those of the unidirectional ones, exhibiting better damage resistance and tolerance. Also, effects of fiber architecture on mechanical properties were examined. This work will shed light on future design of the next-generation impact-resistant architected composites. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"321 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48204884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0