Yan Qi, Ould el Moctar, Changqing Jiang, Wei Zhang
{"title":"An efficient finite-difference approach for optimizing sloshing dampers to minimize tank waves excited by ship motions","authors":"Yan Qi, Ould el Moctar, Changqing Jiang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2026.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2026.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating sloshing in shipboard tanks, such as swimming pools, is critical for passenger safety and comfort, as excessive waves induced by ship roll motions pose significant risks. Traditional experimental and numerical methods for evaluating mitigation strategies are often impractical due to high cost and computational demand. To address this challenge, this study proposes a computationally efficient linear finite-difference method (FDM) to optimize active sloshing dampers that minimize tank waves excited by ship motions. Active suppression is achieved using piston-type actuators installed at the ends of rectangular tanks subjected to periodic excitation. The developed approach predicts wave behavior and determines optimal actuator amplitudes, enabling parametric studies of tank geometry, fill level, and excitation frequency. Results obtained from the efficient approach are validated against high-fidelity simulations based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, demonstrating strong agreement. The comparisons further delineate the practical validity range, with strongest agreement observed for long waves, while deviations increase as the wavelength decreases and under excitation conditions close to resonance, where nonlinear effects become more pronounced. The findings confirm that piston-type actuators effectively mitigate wave amplitudes across a broad range of conditions, and a functional relationship between the optimal actuator amplitude and key tank parameters is established. Overall, the proposed method provides a fast and reliable predictive tool, offering significant advantages for rapid evaluation and early-stage design of active wave mitigation systems in shipboard applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 1347-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148806844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heming Han, Fusheng Zha, Zhihao Meng, Bo Kang, Long Xu, Guangqing Wei, Bin Shi
{"title":"Research on deformation evolution mechanism of monopile-seabed system in offshore wind farm based on UWFBG","authors":"Heming Han, Fusheng Zha, Zhihao Meng, Bo Kang, Long Xu, Guangqing Wei, Bin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2026.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2026.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deformation behavior of offshore wind turbine monopiles under long-term environmental loading remains insufficiently understood, largely due to the absence of continuous in-situ measurements capable of resolving depth-dependent pile–soil interaction. This study addresses this gap by investigating whether distributed strain monitoring can capture the progressive deformation mechanisms and instability characteristics of monopile–seabed systems. Long-term in-situ field monitoring was conducted on two full-scale offshore wind turbine monopiles in an offshore wind farm in the Yellow Sea using ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG). The results demonstrate that the monopile–seabed system exhibits a systematic and staged deformation evolution, which can be consistently classified into four representative stages, reflecting a progressive transition in pile–soil interaction regimes. In particular, the gradual rightward migration of the strain–depth profile within the embedded section is identified as a distinctive precursor to pull-out–type instability, providing a deformation-based indicator that complements conventional rotation-based criteria. These findings provide new field-based observational evidence for staged monopile deformation and contribute to a more mechanistically grounded evaluation of monopile stability under long-term environmental loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 1201-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148806853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperative control for automatic towing operation by multiple DP tugboats with fully unknown model parameters","authors":"Xu Jiang , Yiming Zhu , Lei Wang , Yiting Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a cooperative consensus control scheme for multiple unmanned dynamic positioning (DP) tugboats to transport an unactuated floating object through cables, aiming to promote the automation and intelligence of marine towing operation. The scheme implements a leader-follower formation strategy among distributed tugboats, maneuvering the object by adjusting the position of the virtual leader in a reasonable manner. To ensure the formation configuration, a cooperative consensus controller is integrated into the feedback controller of each tugboat local DP system. In addition, a customized model parameter-free DP system is proposed to enhance the tracking performance of a single tugboat, addressing the challenges of full unknown model parameters and large cable tension disturbances. The proposed automatic towing control scheme is verified through full-scale nonlinear time domain simulations under variable environmental conditions and formation configurations, demonstrating its effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 711-725"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An innovative approach to predicting vessel traffic flow and visualizing traffic density in multiple-bridge inland waterways","authors":"Jie Man , Bing Wu , Tsz Leung Yip , Xinping Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-bridge inland waterways constitute some of the most constrained and high-risk navigation environments. The dense spacing of bridges and the resulting fragmentation of navigable channels create complex spatiotemporal variability that existing prediction models struggle to capture, which limits their applicability in such areas. This study proposes a spatiotemporal variational model, Spatio-Temporal Variational Autoencoder (ST-VAE), for multi-step vessel traffic and density prediction in multi-bridge inland waterways. The framework integrates an embedded graph-enhanced Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) encoder, which exploits bridge-to-bridge connectivity, with a variational latent space and a distributed sampling network to represent uncertainty in traffic evolution. Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data from 13 consecutive bridge areas in Wuhan, two datasets are constructed for high-flow (V-high) and low-flow (V-low) seasons, and 12∼48-h prediction tasks are evaluated against ten baseline models. On the V-high dataset with a 24-h horizon, ST-VAE achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.57 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.83%, which are 24% and 61% lower than the best baseline, respectively, and reaches a Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of 98.0%. For 48-h forecasts, MAE and MAPE are reduced by 34% and 50% compared with the strongest competitor. One-week rolling experiments further show that ST-VAE maintains a PCC above 90% while achieving approximately 38% lower MAE than the best ablation model. Finally, K-means clustering is applied to convert predicted flows into three density levels, revealing persistent bottlenecks near key bridges and providing actionable support for congestion monitoring and traffic management in bridge-dense inland waterways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 939-959"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A photothermal synergistic energy recovery model and simulation for underwater vehicles","authors":"Chengyu Gu , Song Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2026.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2026.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated photovoltaic–phase change material–thermoelectric generator (PV–PCM–TEG) hybrid system designed for long-endurance underwater gliders performing cyclic dive–ascent missions. The system couples solar harvesting, latent-heat buffering, and thermoelectric conversion to maintain continuous power generation across varying depths. A coupled thermal–electrical model incorporating realistic irradiance attenuation and ocean temperature stratification reveals a three-stage energy evolution: a high-power surface zone (81.1 W m⁻²), a thermocline transition with polarity reversal, and a deep-sea steady regime (2.5–7.5 W m⁻²). Over a four-hour cycle, the hybrid system generates 8.53 Wh of recoverable electrical energy—5.1 times the consumption of a conventional glider—thus significantly extending mission endurance. Depth-Coupling Factor (DCF) analysis shows that the configuration maintains power output above operational thresholds across 92 % of the total depth range, demonstrating strong adaptability and reliability. These results confirm that coupling photovoltaic and thermoelectric mechanisms via latent-heat buffering enables robust, full-depth energy harvesting, offering a pathway toward self-sustaining, high-efficiency underwater missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 972-985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical simulation of the aerodynamic characteristics of an HAWT with a circular hole at the blade tip","authors":"Shengbing Yang, Zhiyuan Liu, Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tip vortex formed during horizontal-axis wind turbine operation significantly impacts the aerodynamic performance of both the turbines themselves and downstream turbines. To mitigate these adverse effects, this study introduces a novel horizontal-axis wind turbine design incorporating openings at the hub and blade tips, interconnected by internal flow-guiding ducts. Leveraging the centrifugal force generated by rotor rotation and the pressure differential between the hub and blade tips, high-pressure airflow from the hub region is directed toward the blade tip area, thereby weakening the tip vortex intensity. A systematic series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations was performed to evaluate and compare the aerodynamic performance and wake characteristics between the original and modified turbine designs across varying rotor speeds. The results indicate that at low rotational speeds (<600 rpm), the aerodynamic performance differences between the original and new models are minor, with similar wake decay distances downstream. However, at high rotational speeds (≥600 rpm), the aerodynamic performance of the new model improves significantly. Particularly at 900 rpm, the rotor power of the new model increased by 6.4 % compared with that of the original model, and the downstream wake propagation distance was reduced by 50 %. With respect to the wake diffusion characteristics, the new model consistently accelerates lateral wake diffusion throughout the operating range, and this effect has a weak dependence on the rotor speed. Moreover, the new design reduces both axial and tangential induction factors, thereby optimizing the overall aerodynamic load distribution on the rotor. This study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed novel design in suppressing tip vortex, offering a viable technical solution for improving aerodynamic performance and mitigating wake interference in wind turbine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 804-817"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148571449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate storm surge prediction in hurricane area of the Atlantic Ocean using a new multi-recursive neural network based on gate recursive unit","authors":"Xiao-Chen Feng, Hang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an enhanced storm surge forecasting approach utilizing novel neural networks, specifically a model based on gated recurrent units (GRUs), and incorporates a distortion loss function known as Distortion Loss Including Shape and Time (DILATE) for improved prediction accuracy and reliability. Historical data from four stations in the hurricane-prone region of the Atlantic Ocean are utilized for both training and testing purposes. Various models are employed to predict storm surges with lead times of 3, 6, and 12 hours, and their performance is evaluated by comparing the predicted values with the observed ones. Furthermore, the influence of various physical factors on storm surge formation is examined. The findings indicate that the GRU-DILATE model is more suitable for storm surge prediction, particularly for longer lead times. This model effectively reduces prediction delays and accurately captures the trends in wave height associated with storm surges. Among the physical factors studied, wind speed and atmospheric pressure emerge as the most important variables influencing storm surges. Additionally, the significance of wind direction is highlighted, as it plays a crucial role in determining whether the sea level rises or falls during the initial stages of a storm surge. It is expected that the proposed model has the potential to enhance response and preparedness measures in hurricane-prone areas, finding applications in coastal planning, infrastructure design, disaster management, and other aspects of ocean engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 726-739"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139637678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical and experimental study on pressure resistant and vibro-acoustic characteristics of an optimized lightweight SRE ZPR sandwich cylindrical shell","authors":"Qing Li, Ding-Yi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a lightweight cylindrical sandwich structure with a semi re-entrant zero Poisson’s ratio (SRE ZPR) core, designed to simultaneously address pressure resistance and vibro-acoustic attenuation for underwater applications. A micro-structural optimization is applied based on periodic boundary conditions (PBCs), and a ZPR sandwich cylindrical shell with a mass density of 0.56 g/cm³ is then designed. Numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate pressure-resistant behavior to demonstrate the efficiency of microstructural optimization. A static experiment is then carried out on a 3D-printed titanium alloy specimen. In addition, both numerical and experimental investigations are performed to study its vibro-acoustic behavior. Results demonstrate that the designed sandwich cylindrical shell can withstand a 10 MPa hydrostatic pressure (1000 m seawater depth) without failure or buckling. It also yields greater vibro-acoustic performance than a comparative positive Poisson's ratio (PPR) shell structure especially in the mass-controlled frequency region, which mainly stems from reduced acoustic impedance of the ZPR sandwiched core.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 818-831"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148571450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qun Cao, Zhengshun Cheng, Longfei Xiao, Mingyue Liu
{"title":"Influence mechanism and numerical reconstruction method of complex wind field acting on a large-MW floating wind turbine","authors":"Qun Cao, Zhengshun Cheng, Longfei Xiao, Mingyue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The large-scale wind fields show a series of complex characteristics, including wind shear, turbulence intensity, and spatial coherence, which could significantly affect the coupled dynamic responses of floating wind turbines (FWTs). During numerical simulation, to obtain the coupled dynamic responses of large-scale FWTs more accurately, it is necessary to provide a more accurate simulation of the time scale and spatial scale characteristics of actual measured large-scale wind fields. This study investigated the influence mechanism and numerical reconstruction method of a complex wind field acting on a large-MW floating wind turbine. The influence mechanisms were concluded as follows: Wind shear was found to decrease the mean power generation and increase responses at 1P and 3P frequencies. Turbulent winds could significantly decrease the mean response and increase the low-frequency and 3P responses. The difference in spatial coherent structures between different wind fields was clarified by analyzing the proper orthogonal decomposition mode. As spatial coherence strengthened, the mean responses became smaller, the low-frequency responses became larger, and the 1P and 3P responses became smaller. On this basis, a numerical reconstruction method was proposed in this study to reconstruct large-scale numerical wind fields using wind speeds measured at finite spatial points in model tests or offshore measurements. This method accurately simulates the wind profile characteristics, turbulence intensity distribution along the vertical direction, and spatial coherence parameters of the wind field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 757-771"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of reflected and incident waves for breakwater tests in a 2D wave flume in regular waves","authors":"Jing-Ping Wu, Hong-Ye Luo, Zao-Jian Zou, Chang-Zhe Chen, Xi Yi, Peng Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a method using one wave probe fixed ahead of breakwater to separate reflected wave is proposed, which is conducive for a primary breakwater to estimate its hydrodynamic performance. The reflected wave can be achieved by subtracting incident wave from composite wave in the 2D regular wave tests whether linear or nonlinear waves. The proposed method is introduced through one physical test of a U-shaped flexible-membrane breakwater, and subsequently, is applied to calculate the hydrodynamic coefficients of three U-shaped flexible-membrane breakwaters successfully, and giving the wave absorbing mechanism of the breakwaters a reasonable explanation. But the accuracy of reflection coefficient can be disturbed by the re-reflected wave of the wavemaker. Conveniently, a CFD-based flume is established with five recording points to simulate the full reflection whose reflection coefficient is known. The reflection coefficients are computed and compared with an existing method, and the precision is quite satisfactory. And the acquiring point is recommended to locate at a distance bigger than 2-3 times of the wavelength away from the wavemaker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 772-783"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148543315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}