Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science最新文献

{"title":"Comparative risk assessment of gaseous and liquid hydrogen fuel gas supply systems for hydrogen-fueled vessels","authors":"Jinyeong Jeong ,&nbsp;Minsoo Choi ,&nbsp;Hwalong You ,&nbsp;Daejun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares qualitative risk analyses of compressed hydrogen gas (GH₂) and liquid hydrogen (LH₂) fuel gas supply systems (FGSSs) for eco-friendly marine vessels. Using hazard identification (HAZID) and hazard and operability (HAZOP) methodologies, the study systematically identifies and compares the unique risks and safety strategies for GH₂ and LH₂ FGSS. For GH₂-FGSS, HAZID identifies 22 hazards, with one unacceptable risk related to potential explosions from high-pressure hydrogen accumulation due to ventilation failure. HAZOP identifies 27 hazards, all categorized as acceptable or ALARP. Recommended safety measures include pressure protection devices, real-time alarms, and enhanced piping durability. For LH₂-FGSS, HAZID identifies 38 hazards without any unacceptable risks, though cryogenic icing and overpressure remain significant concerns. HAZOP reveals 43 hazards, with one unacceptable risk involving thermal contraction and piping damage from repeated operations, posing fire hazards. Suggested mitigations include improved cooling and purge gas procedures, along with rigorous insulation management. Primary differences in safety management focus on high explosion risk of GH₂-FGSS from high-pressure storage and the piping damage risk of LH₂-FGSS from icing and thermal contraction. To enhance risk management for each system, future research implements an operational simulation-based quantitative risk assessment. This study provides foundational safety strategies and guidelines for future vessels, supporting the adoption of eco-friendly fuels in the maritime industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1070-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced intelligent reconstruction study on wind wave height field in the South China Sea","authors":"Chenglin Li ,&nbsp;Hang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Feng ,&nbsp;Qiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the challenge of scarcity and discontinuity in spatio-temporal observation data within oceanographic research. The primary goal is to develop a robust model capable of generating missing wave height data and enhancing the understanding of ocean wave behavior. We propose an end-to-end spatio-temporal sequence generation network based on convolutional U-Net, utilizing reanalyzed atmospheric datasets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The model incorporates input features such as wind wave height, wave direction, mean wave period, and wind speed to generate significant wind wave heights in the South China Sea at specified times. Data smoothing was applied at intervals of 12, 24, and 36 h under both moderate and extreme wave conditions, resulting in wave height data at 6-hour intervals. The findings demonstrate that the model effectively captures areas with high wave heights, outperforming traditional interpolation-based methods, especially as input data time intervals increase and wave conditions intensify. This approach offers a novel solution for generating missing spatio-temporal data, providing valuable insights into ocean wave behavior and supporting applications in ocean engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 897-915"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of state-of-the-art technologies for monitoring plastic seafloor litter","authors":"Matthias Sandra ,&nbsp;Lisa I. Devriese ,&nbsp;Andy M. Booth ,&nbsp;Bavo De Witte ,&nbsp;Gert Everaert ,&nbsp;Jesus Gago ,&nbsp;Francois Galgani ,&nbsp;Kobus Langedock ,&nbsp;Amy Lusher ,&nbsp;Thomas Maes ,&nbsp;Hans Pirlet ,&nbsp;Josie Russell ,&nbsp;Christopher K. Pham","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic litter has been widely documented in our oceans, leading to growing worldwide concerns regarding its potential impact on the marine environment. A large proportion of this plastic accumulates at the bottom of the ocean, resulting in a need to monitor and quantify seafloor litter. Seafloor litter monitoring is mostly performed using benthic beam trawls, which have several limitations and environmental implications. New innovative ways to document and address seafloor litter are therefore necessary and requested by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14.1.1b), the Oslo Paris Convention (OSPAR) and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). This systematic review gives an overview of the state-of-the-art of 14 current underwater technologies that are eligible for future in situ detection of plastic litter on the seafloor based on 101 publications. A set of objectives and a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) scale were used to benchmark the technologies and revealed that the most suitable system is often very scenario-specific and, therefore, demands investments in more than one specific group of technologies. A decision tool was established to determine the most suitable technique for a range of different situations. This review indicates that most of these technologies are currently at low-middle TRLs, requiring several more development, testing and commercialization steps before they can be applied effectively in marine field conditions. However, these technologies, alone or in combination, have the potential to contribute to the establishment of more robust global environmental indicators and monitoring programs for plastic pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 879-896"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48437503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating hydrothermal degradation of GFRP composites under sustained loading using explainable machine learning","authors":"Mudassir Iqbal ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ling Zhao ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Daxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Pei-Fu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Congshui Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The understanding of GFRP composites under hydrothermal conditions and sustained loading offers valuable insights into their performance in challenging environments such as coastal areas, deep-sea structures, and environmentally friendly and long-lasting infrastructure solutions. This study examined the mechanical response of GFRP composites subjected to synergic sustained loading and hydrothermal degradation. A prediction application based on the XGBoost machine learning model was developed to estimate the residual mechanical response. The developed model was used to calculate the conversion factor accounting for moisture and temperature-based degradation in FRP composites. The SHAP analysis corroborated the experimental findings such that GFRP-based composites experience an initial rapid decline in mechanical properties when exposed to harsh environments, followed by a slower degradation rate over time. The pultruded vinyl ester-based GFRP composites depict less degradation than polyester-based composites and composites made via vacuum infusion. It was inferred that sustained loading below 30 % has no negative impact on the mechanical characteristics of hydrothermal-aged GFRP composites. The degradation became worse for the sustained loading beyond 30% of the ultimate strength of the GFRP composite. Comments are also made on the current recommendations in technical specifications by the European Committee for Standardization CEN/TS 19101 related to moisture and temperature conversion factors. The current work is limited to the mechanical investigation of GFRP composites subjected to hydrothermal degradation. It needs to be extended to other composites such as CFRP and BFRP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 982-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive flow control technique for enhancing power efficiency of vertical-axis wind turbines: Leading-edge slot structure","authors":"Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingyu Zhan ,&nbsp;Limin Kuang ,&nbsp;Redili Yushan ,&nbsp;Yu Tu ,&nbsp;Hongbo Zhu ,&nbsp;Jie Su ,&nbsp;Zhaolong Han ,&nbsp;Dai Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are receiving growing interest in offshore wind energy exploitation. However, they often exhibit suboptimal energy conversion efficiency, particularly at low tip speed ratios (TSRs). One critical challenge is suppressing flow separation and dynamic stall on the blades. Passive flow control techniques have shown potential in improving blade aerodynamics, yet a simple and effective approach is still desired. This study proposes a novel leading-edge slot structure aimed at enhancing the power efficiency of VAWTs without additional energy input. The structure facilitates natural suction and blowing flows on the suction side of the blades. High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations incorporating a transition shear stress transport model are employed to examine turbine aerodynamics. The power performance and aerodynamic loads of VAWTs with various slotted blade designs (different start locations, 0.02<em>c</em> ≤ <em>x_I</em> ≤ 0.31<em>c</em>, and end locations, 0.1<em>c</em> ≤ <em>x_II</em> ≤ 0.35<em>c</em>, where <em>c</em> denotes the blade chord length) are compared to identify the relatively optimal slot configuration. The analysis of blade boundary layer phenomena and flow state in the slot further elucidates the flow control mechanism. Results indicate that the leading-edge slot structure significantly enhances the power efficiency of the VAWT at low TSRs. The relatively optimal slot configuration (<em>x_I</em> = 0.16<em>c, x_II</em> = 0.2<em>c</em>) yields an average power increase of 38.33 % under studied operating conditions. Laminar separation bubble bursting is delayed or even eliminated for slotted blades at low and moderate TSRs. The leading-edge slot structure also delays trailing-edge separation, suppresses dynamic stall vortex formation, and reduces shedding vortex strength, thereby increasing the blade lift-to-drag ratio. This study would facilitate the blade design of VAWTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 945-959"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of methods for the localization and reconstruction of the wave impact on a floating wind turbine pontoon","authors":"Zhou Yang ,&nbsp;Yuwang Xu ,&nbsp;Liying Shi ,&nbsp;Chaochao Zhu ,&nbsp;Yichen Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wave impact under extreme sea conditions poses significant risks to offshore structures, such as the pontoons of floating wind turbines. Monitoring the structures and inverting the impact loads are crucial for structural safety design. In this study, an indirect approach is proposed for the localization and reconstruction of waves impacting flat plates, curved plates and floating wind turbine pontoons. For impact load localization, the correlation dimension method and the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network method are employed. The correlation dimension method achieves accurate localization results only for flat plates, whereas the LSTM method shows good performance for all structures. For load time history reconstruction, the Tikhonov regularization method is applied. Reconstruction is achieved with very high accuracy. This work can provide guidelines for inverse estimation of environmental loads acting on offshore structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1103-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D CNN‐based multi‐feature fusion detection method for the magnetic anomaly generated by submarine wake","authors":"Ran Hui ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Liang ,&nbsp;Chao Zuo ,&nbsp;Zuoshuai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Two-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (2D-CNN)-based multi-feature fusion detection method is proposed to improve the detection performance of the submarine wake magnetic anomaly in view of its characteristics of low frequency and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The method involves pre-processing the original signal by using the Savitzky-Golay (S–G) filter, followed by Residual Structure processing to extract the time-domain information, FFT to extract the frequency domain information and Minimum-Entropy Filter (MEF) for noise analysis. The 2D-CNN model with three processing branches is utilised for further feature extraction and signal judgement. To train the method, Simulated target signal dataset is obtained through the submarine wake magnetic anomaly simulation model, and the simulated original signal is acquired by stacking measured noise. The proposed method exhibits great detection performance for signals with different Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) and various types of noise, achieving a recognition accuracy of 90% for signals with SNRs above -10dB. The theoretical detection range of the submarine has been increased to over 1 km, outperforming similar neural networks based on magnetic dipole models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1139-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135509793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Torsional failure analysis of steel strip reinforced flexible pipes connected with end fittings","authors":"Yuteng Zhang,&nbsp;Pan Fang,&nbsp;Mohsen Saneian,&nbsp;Wenshu Liu,&nbsp;Yong Bai,&nbsp;Liang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible pipes function effectively in practical applications only when they are securely connected to specific components using specially designed end fittings. These end fittings must be precisely manufactured to ensure a tight connection, preventing any potential leakage. Otherwise, even perfectly manufactured flexible pipes will fail to perform their intended function. Although extensive research exists on the mechanical analysis of flexible pipes, studies on pipes connected to end fittings are scarce. The primary challenge in investigating this combined structure lies in the complex interaction between flexible pipes and end fittings after assembly, in addition to the already intricate structural behavior of flexible pipes. This paper presents both experimental and numerical analyses. Experimentally, we conducted comprehensive torsion tests on steel strip reinforced flexible pipes connected to commonly used end fittings, observing various torsional failure modes. On the numerical side, we developed a method to model the interaction between flexible pipes and end fittings. The proposed approach enables the prediction of torsional failure modes in practical applications and lays the groundwork for further failure analysis under different loading conditions and for various end fitting designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1086-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of nodule particles in multi-field coupling during the Coandă-effect-based hydraulic collection","authors":"Zihan Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Guocheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Longfei Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Coandă-effect-based hydraulic collection, celebrated for its high pick-up efficiency, has become a focus in deep-sea mining. However, prevailing research mainly focused on the performance in clear water environments, overlooking the impact of seabed sediments. This experimental study aims to examine the dynamic characteristics of nodule particles within the \"fluid-solid-soil\" multi-field under Coandă-effect-based hydraulic collection. The sediments were simulated in the laboratory by mixing the bentonite and water in specific proportions to replicate the physical and mechanical properties of in-situ sediments. A detailed analysis was conducted on the mechanical and motion characteristics of particles under various jet parameters and sediment shear strengths. The results illuminated that the shear strength of the sediment predominantly influenced the soil adhesion force, exhibiting an approximately linear correlation. Subsequent to assessing the collection performance, a criterion for particle incipient motion was proposed, and an empirical formula was established for predicting the maximum lifting force and experimentally confirmed to possess a maximum error below 20%. The pick-up efficiency experiments further demonstrated that when the jet parameters aligned with the critical conditions delineated by using the empirical formula, there was a significant increase to nearly 100% in pick-up efficiency, underscoring the practicality and accuracy of the predictive model. The results can offer theoretical guidance for selecting optimal jet parameters, to ensure efficient collection while minimizing potential environmental impacts due to excessive hydrodynamic forces and sediment erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 916-928"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of drag embedment anchors applying multi-objective evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II","authors":"Kacper Cerek,&nbsp;Elnaz Hadjiloo,&nbsp;Jürgen Grabe,&nbsp;Duy Anh Dao","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Establishing renewables on a floating platform in the deep sea needs secure anchoring to the seabed, commonly achieved with drag embedment anchors (DEAs). The conventional design process relies heavily on empirical testing and is often time and resource-intensive, potentially leading to suboptimal designs. This research aims to overcome these limitations by applying an evolutionary optimization algorithm to existing analytical solutions for DEAs, identifying optimal anchor fluke and shank lengths. By leveraging an optimization strategy, we aim to enhance the design process while diminishing the dependency on exhaustive physical testing and high computational cost. We employ the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to optimize anchor shapes, with a focus on three key objectives: maximizing embedment depth and bearing capacity, and minimizing anchor volume. The methodology presents a Pareto front, encompassing all optimal solutions based on the formulated objectives, and demonstrates the efficiency of NSGA-II as a tool for optimizing anchor shapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1019-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}