{"title":"Sea trials vs prediction by numerical models—Uncertainties in the measurements and prediction of WASP performance","authors":"Fabian Thies, Jonas W. Ringsberg","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting the power saving from wind-assisted ship propulsion is one of the most discussed topics in alternative and complementary propulsion methods. Aero- and hydrodynamic interactions between the sails and the ship increase the difficulty of modelling the propulsion contribution theoretically, but the sensibility of sail performance on the wind conditions increases the demands on measurement accuracy if the performance is to be measured in sea trials. This paper analyses and compares the uncertainties of sea trial tests and model predictions by means of parameter variation and Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that sea trials have an uncertainty of 23 %, well above 100 % of the measured savings, if performed using normal onboard equipment. Model uncertainties were found to be between 6 % and 17 % of the predicted savings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 239-245"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141032096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac Slaughter , Jagir Laxmichand Charla , Martin Siderius , John Lipor
{"title":"Vessel trajectory prediction with recurrent neural networks: An evaluation of datasets, features, and architectures","authors":"Isaac Slaughter , Jagir Laxmichand Charla , Martin Siderius , John Lipor","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maritime situational awareness tasks such as port management, collision avoidance, and search-and-rescue missions rely on accurate knowledge of vessel locations. The availability of historical vessel trajectory data through the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has enabled the development of prediction methods, with a recent focus on trajectory prediction via recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and other deep learning architectures. While these methods have shown promising performance benefits over kinematic and clustering-based models, comparing among RNN-based models remains difficult due to variations in evaluation datasets, region sizes, vessel types, and numerous other design choices. As a result, it is not clear whether recent methods based on highly-sophisticated network architectures are necessary to achieve strong prediction performance. In this work, we present a simple fusion-based RNN approach to vessel trajectory prediction that allows for easy incorporation of exogenous variables. We perform an extensive ablation study to measure the impact of various modeling choices, including preprocessing, loss functions, and the choice of features, as well as the first usage of surface current information in vessel trajectory prediction. We demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on three large regions off the United States coast, obtaining an improvement of up to 0.88 km over competing methods when predicting three hours into the future. We conclude that our simple architecture can outperform more complicated architectures while incurring a lower memory cost. Further, we show that the choice of loss function and the inclusion of surface current information both have significant impact on prediction performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139637147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics of optical pulses in birefringent fibers without four-wave mixing effect via efficient computational techniques","authors":"Usman Younas , Hadi Rezazadeh , Jingli Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2022.06.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2022.06.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this manuscript, we discuss the dynamical behavior of Chen-Lee-Liu (CLL) equation in birefringent fibers which is modeled by two-component nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) without four-wave mixing effect. In optical fibers and other wave-guide mediums this system models the propagation of soliton flow using group velocity dispersion (GVD) and self-steeping coefficients. In the realms of maritime transport, motion, and energy, the dynamics of deep-sea waves is one of oceanography’s greatest challenges. A mathematical model of the dynamics of solitary waves in the deep ocean under a two-layer stratification yields the NLSE, and resultantly, the interaction between the two can be described by a coupled NLSE. Using two recently developed integration tools, namely the generalized exponential rational function method (GERFM) and the new extended direct algebraic method (NEDAM), the various optical pulses in the forms of bright, dark, combined, and complex solitons are extracted. Moreover, the hyperbolic, exponential, and trigonometric function solutions are recovered. In addition, a comparison is made between our results and those that are well-known, and the study concludes that the solutions we’ve reached are novel. By choosing appropriate parameter values for numerical simulation and physical explanations, the significance of the results is demonstrated. The results of this paper can enhance the nonlinear dynamical behavior of a given system and demonstrate the suitability of the methodology employed. This research, in our opinion, will be beneficial to a wide variety of engineering model specialists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 181-196"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41413443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deyu Li , Handi Wei , Longfei Xiao , Ruiwen Zhang , Yan Li
{"title":"Stereo vision-based measurement of wave evolution around square column in laboratory","authors":"Deyu Li , Handi Wei , Longfei Xiao , Ruiwen Zhang , Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatial-temporal measurement of complex wave evolution is significant in studying wave-structure interactions. Current methods, such as that using wave probes, have shown limitations in measuring the wave evolution around structures in laboratories. In this study, an improved stereo imaging method is proposed for measuring the wave evolution around a fixed structure. Regular wave tests were conducted on a fixed surface-piercing square column in a wave flume to validate the reliability and accuracy of the proposed method. A flexible marker-net made of foam particles was arranged around the column to provide Lambertian features for the water surface. Two synchronized stereo imaging systems covered all the surrounding areas of the column and provided stereo pair sequences for wave evolution. Subsequently, image segmentation techniques were used to mask the low-confidence disparities in stereo matching, and finally, three-dimensional (3D) wave surfaces were reconstructed in the time sequence. The time histories of the wave elevations at particular locations were extracted and agreed well with the measurements of wave probes with an average bias of 2.4 %. Subsequently, the reconstructed 3D wave field was sliced, exhibiting the instantaneous profiles that agreed with the measurements of wave probes. Moreover, the wave run-up height ratios were consistent with those of a previous study, thereby verifying the method's accuracy from the perspective of spatial evolution. The results demonstrated that the proposed method was capable of precisely measuring the spatial-temporal evolution of the wave field around the square column and displayed potential for application in more studies on wave-structure interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 281-294"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135708005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Idora Mohd Sukarnoor , Lee Kee Quen , Aminudin Abu , Kang Hooi Siang , Noriyuki Kuwano , Safari Mat Desa
{"title":"An investigation of the dynamic behaviour of two rigid cylinders in a tandem arrangement under vortex-induced vibration","authors":"Noor Idora Mohd Sukarnoor , Lee Kee Quen , Aminudin Abu , Kang Hooi Siang , Noriyuki Kuwano , Safari Mat Desa","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2022.05.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2022.05.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flow interference of multiple cylinders subjected to vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is a complex response that is not fully understood. This paper investigates the fluid-dynamic behaviour of elastically mounted rigid cylinders where both cylinders were free to oscillate in the cross-flow direction. The cylinders were subjected to uniform water flow at various separation distances of 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5<em>D</em> (<em>D</em> is the diameter of the cylinder) in a tandem arrangement. Based on the observation, the interference between the cylinders and the unsteady wake from the leading cylinder caused a continuous vibration with no lower branch in amplitude response. While as found in the cases of the single cylinder, there was a lower branch in amplitude response. The results also revealed that the cylinders experienced the VIV and wake-induced vibration (WIV) at each separation distance. Moreover, the leading cylinder oscillated at a larger amplitude at a separation distance of 3.5<em>D</em>, indicating a critical distance for cylinders in the tandem arrangement due to the existence of a bistable regime. Hence, it is reasonable to conclude that the flow interference between the leading and trailing cylinders significantly impacts the cylinders’ dynamic behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 246-257"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42906513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanism analysis and prediction of longitudinal cut wave pattern resistance based on CFD simulation","authors":"Xiaocong Wang, Renchuan Zhu, Dekang Xu, Hui Wang, Yue Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by ITTC 2021 (International Towing Tank Conference), this paper implements the Longitudinal Cut Method (LCM), a methodology to predict wave pattern resistance (<em>R<sub>wp</sub></em>), within Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to explore its mechanism and feasibility in predicting wave resistance (<em>R<sub>w</sub></em>). To accurately predict the free surface, a validation study, including the grid convergence index (<em>GCI</em>), wave profile, and wave pattern, is conducted for a Series 60 ship model. Next, <em>R<sub>wp</sub></em> is appropriately evaluated and compared with the experiment. The influence of the transverse wave component on the LCM analysis is also discussed. Furthermore, a comparison between the EFD (Experimental Fluid Dynamics) and CFD-based LCM is made through the analysis of the Wigley Catamaran, highlighting the advantages of the present approach. Finally, the limitations of the LCM theory are systematically discussed with the nonlinear bow wave analysis of a wall-sided ship model by introducing the local adaptive mesh refinement (LAMR) approach. For the fine hull form, LCM has been validated as a suitable methodology for directly predicting <em>R<sub>w</sub></em> and consequently the other primary resistance components (frictional resistance <em>R<sub>f</sub></em> and viscous pressure resistance <em>R<sub>pv</sub></em>) by one simulation. In contrast, due to energy dissipation of the non-negligible nonlinear local field wave component in the downstream wake region, <em>R<sub>w</sub></em> could be underestimated for the full hull form.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 258-273"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48516165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shangzhe Xin , Yiting Wang , Lei Wang , Xiaodong Zhu , Shihai Chen , Dongrong Zhou
{"title":"A novel multi-module coupled algorithm for the wreck off-bottom simulation","authors":"Shangzhe Xin , Yiting Wang , Lei Wang , Xiaodong Zhu , Shihai Chen , Dongrong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel multi-module coupled algorithm for the wreck off-bottom simulation (MCAWOS), involving several structures, multiple mediums, and three modules: the wreck-soil interaction module, the lifting-buffering module, and the barge-cable coupled module. In the present algorithm, the finite element method, the potential flow method and the lumped mass method are integrated and used to simulate the off-bottom process. The dynamic response characteristics of a typical salvage case with rated lifting tensions are investigated. It is found that the salvage system in waves exhibits a special breakout phenomenon, where the wreck displacements increase abruptly, and uneven distributions of the lifting tensions are observed. Case studies are conducted to further ascertain the mechanism of the breakout. As the rated lifting tension increases, the salvage efficiency rises, while the maximum roll and pitch amplitudes of the wreck decrease. Meanwhile, larger rated tension may result in more waste in equipment lifting capacity, thus 229 ton is finally selected as the appropriate preset lifting tension. In addition, when the wave direction angle increases from 90<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></math></span> to 180<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></math></span>, the maximum roll value of the wreck shows a roughly decreasing trend and the planar deflection of the salvage barge relative to the wreck decreases. However, the maximum values of pitch, yaw, lifting tension and Mises seabed soil stress show irregular fluctuations. Taking all dynamic indicators into account, the wave heading interval of 150<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></math></span> to 180<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></math></span> is expected to be an ideal operating window. Conversely the 105<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></math></span> case is a dangerous state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 197-212"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liwen Tan , Jun Fan , Bin Wang , Kaiqi Zhao , Bing Li
{"title":"Backscattering enhancements by partially exposed cylindrical shells due to reflected flexural waves at air–water interfaces","authors":"Liwen Tan , Jun Fan , Bin Wang , Kaiqi Zhao , Bing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For smooth curved objects in contact with a flat interface, the propagation paths of supported surface elastic waves can be altered by the interface, thereby enhancing the characteristics of the backscattered echo returns. In this study, backscattering experiments are conducted on an empty stainless steel cylindrical shell that breaks through an air–water interface and is insonified from below at grazing incidence. The shell has a thickness-to-radius ratio of 5%. The frequencies of interest fall within the vicinity of and below the coincidence frequency, which corresponds to a <em>ka</em> range of 13.8–20.1. The experimental results demonstrate that, for the partially exposed cylindrical shell, the flexural waves can traverse the interface and circumnavigate the shell multiple times. The flexural waves experience mode transitions upon passing through the interface, existing as <em>a</em><sub>0−</sub> waves below the interface and <em>a</em><sub>0</sub> waves above the interface. Simultaneously, the flexural waves undergo partial reflection each time they pass through the interface, guiding them to follow a reverse path and generating a periodic series of echo returns, which leads to the enhancement of backscattering. The shift in resonance frequency in relation to the changing exposure is analyzed and predicted using the phase matching theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 274-280"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41950798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xu Li , Handi Wei , Longfei Xiao , Ziyang Zhu , Yufeng Kou , Mingyue Liu
{"title":"Predicting motions of deepwater platform based on the inverse reconstruction of environmental loads","authors":"Xu Li , Handi Wei , Longfei Xiao , Ziyang Zhu , Yufeng Kou , Mingyue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In hybrid model testing technique, model tests are primarily used to verify numerical models which is used to predict the responses of full-depth systems. However, hybrid model testing method based on potential flow theory highly rely on the accuracy of mathematical model, facing challenges in accurately predicting full-depth responses with viscous effects, such as flow-induced motion. To solve the problem, a method for predicting motions of full-depth system is proposed based on the inverse reconstruction of the environmental loads from the truncated model test, considering viscous and nonlinear effects on platform. To validate the method, a series of model tests were conducted for a semi-submersible platform in head seas using both truncated and full-depth mooring systems to validate the method. The environmental loads could be extracted accurately via the inverse reconstruction method under different environmental conditions, including 100-year-return-period wave-only, current-only, coupled wave, wind, and current conditions. The results of time history, statistics, and power distribution show that the proposed method has better performance than conventional method of hybrid model test in situations where viscous effects are obvious.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 213-228"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48425636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A spectral coupled boundary element method for the simulation of nonlinear surface gravity waves","authors":"Kaiyuan Shi, Renchuan Zhu, Dekang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The challenge of simulating the broad open sea with limited computational resources has long been of interest in ocean engineering research. In view of this issue, this paper proposes a fully nonlinear potential flow method named the spectral coupled boundary element method (SCBEM). By leveraging the approach of domain decomposition, SCBEM achieves significantly reduced computational cost and an order of magnitude increase in computational domain compared to the conventional boundary element method (BEM). The SCBEM encompasses the marine structure with only a tiny BEM domain and employs a high-order spectral layer to simulate the broad water outside the BEM domain. The performance of the SCBEM is evaluated through comparison with the wave damping approach and literature results for regular waves, modulated wave trains, focused waves, and diffraction of a vertical cylinder. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the SCBEM in simulating a wide range of wavelengths and nonlinear wave interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 123-135"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45436015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}