Underground Space最新文献

{"title":"Multiscale method for identifying and marking the multiform fractures from visible-light rock-mass images","authors":"Yongbo Pan ,&nbsp;Junzhi Cui ,&nbsp;Zhenhao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiform fractures have a direct impact on the mechanical performance of rock masses. To accurately identify multiform fractures, the distribution patterns of grayscale and the differential features of fractures in their neighborhoods are summarized. Based on this, a multiscale processing algorithm is proposed. The multiscale process is as follows. On the neighborhood of pixels, a grayscale continuous function is constructed using bilinear interpolation, the smoothing of the grayscale function is realized by Gaussian local filtering, and the grayscale gradient and Hessian matrix are calculated with high accuracy. On small-scale blocks, the pixels are classified by adaptively setting the grayscale threshold to identify potential line segments and mini-fillings. On the global image, potential line segments and mini-fillings are spliced together by progressing the block frontier layer-by-layer to identify and mark multiform fractures. The accuracy of identifying multiform fractures is improved by constructing a grayscale continuous function and adaptively setting the grayscale thresholds on small-scale blocks. And the layer-by-layer splicing algorithm is performed only on the domain of the 2-layer small-scale blocks, reducing the complexity. By using rock mass images with different fracture types as examples, the identification results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately identify the multiform fractures, which lays the foundation for calculating the mechanical parameters of rock masses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246796742300168X/pdfft?md5=2847a3cee181189ba2b30a37cdbd9dc8&pid=1-s2.0-S246796742300168X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139020612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic collapse characteristics of the tunnel face induced by the shutdown of earth pressure balance shields (EPB): A 3D material point method study","authors":"Shuying Wang ,&nbsp;Tingyu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangcou Zheng ,&nbsp;Junsheng Yang ,&nbsp;Feng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The collapse of the tunnel face is a prevalent geological disaster in tunnelling. This study employs a three-dimensional (3D) material point method (MPM) to simulate the dynamic collapse process and post-failure mechanisms of the tunnel face. The specific focus is on the scenario where the auxiliary air pressure balanced shield with a partially filled chamber is shut down. To assess the suitability of the 3D MPM, numerical solutions are compared with the results from small-scale experimental tests. Subsequently, a series of large-scale numerical simulations is conducted to explore the dynamic collapse characteristics of the tunnel face induced by the shutdown of the EPB shield under various support air pressures and cutter head conditions. The temporal evolution of the accumulated soil masses in the soil chamber and ground responses under different support air pressures, cutter head types and opening ratios are discussed. In particular, the associated surface subsidence due to the tunnel face collapse is determined and compared with empirical solutions. Numerical results confirm the applicability of the 3D MPM for simulating the large-scale tunnel face collapse scenarios, spanning from small to large deformation analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967423001678/pdfft?md5=54e3cfb376ea496c273aef31cdefac37&pid=1-s2.0-S2467967423001678-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on out-of-plane seismic performance of precast composite sidewalls of utility tunnel with grouting-sleeve joints","authors":"Zilan Zhong,&nbsp;Guangfan Li,&nbsp;Jinqiang Li,&nbsp;Jiaxu Shen,&nbsp;Mi Zhao,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The precast composite reinforced concrete wall with the advantages of fewer joints, superior impermeability and rapid construction provides an efficient and environmental friendly alternative in the construction of underground utility tunnels in the last few years. To investigate the seismic performance of precast concrete composite walls of utility tunnels with grouting-sleeve connection under out-of-plane loads, a series of quasi-static cyclic tests were performed on the full-scale sidewall specimens with different axial compression ratios in this study. The experimental results including the failure modes, crack distributions, and the influence of different connections on the out-of-plane seismic performance of precast concrete composite wall were carefully examined and compared with those from the cyclic tests of the cast-in-place sidewalls of the utility tunnel. The test results show that the seismic performance of the precast concrete composite sidewall specimen, such as the hysteresis curves, the ultimate bearing capacity, stiffness degradation pattern and the ductility ratio, is basically the same as that of the cast-in-place specimen, indicating that the seismic performance of the prefabricated structure is equivalent to that of the cast-in-place structure. Moreover, the grouting-sleeves of the joints can effectively transfer the reinforcement stress until the failure of the precast concrete composite sidewall specimens, which exhibits excellent out-of-plane ductility and serviceability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967423001642/pdfft?md5=690fc3bf4dfc33162145b2dff8ee2e73&pid=1-s2.0-S2467967423001642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139024677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrifuge study on behavior of raft foundation after tunnelling in soft clay","authors":"Jian Yu ,&nbsp;Jiaming Liu ,&nbsp;Chun Fai Leung ,&nbsp;Maosong Huang ,&nbsp;Qi Wen Jorgin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ground losses due to tunneling would induce settlement of nearby raft foundations. To study the change in behavior of the raft foundations over time due to tunnel excavation in soft clay, a series of centrifuge model tests were conducted. The results reveal that the raft stiffness has a significant influence on the development of the gap between the raft and the ground. The width of the gap beneath the flexible foundation would increase over time, leading to a further increase in tensile strain after excavation, whereas the gap for raft foundations with a large stiffness would reduce with time, causing a gradual decrease in tensile strain. The modification factor (MF) design approach is also evaluated with the test results and demonstrates that the MF design approach would underestimate the tensile strain of the flexible raft and provide a relatively conservative prediction for larger stiffnesses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967423001654/pdfft?md5=dea21da88c2dcf9e969e6b5d614d535b&pid=1-s2.0-S2467967423001654-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of geological uncertainties from limited boreholes using copula-based coupled Markov chains for underground construction","authors":"Fan Wang ,&nbsp;Heng Li ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Zheng-Jun You ,&nbsp;Elton J. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes an efficient method for quantifying the stratigraphic uncertainties and modeling the geological formations based on boreholes. Two Markov chains are used to describe the soil transitions along different directions, and the transition probability matrices (TPMs) of the Markov chains are analytically expressed by copulas. This copula expression is efficient since it can represent a large TPM by a few unknown parameters. Due to the analytical expression of the TPMs, the likelihood function of the Markov chain model is given in an explicit form. The estimation of the TPMs is then re-casted as a multi-objective constrained optimization problem that aims to maximize the likelihoods of two independent Markov chains subject to a set of parameter constraints. Unlike the method which determines the TPMs by counting the number of transitions between soil types, the proposed method is more statistically sound. Moreover, a random path sampling method is presented to avoid the directional effect problem in simulations. The soil type at a location is inferred from its nearest known neighbors along the cardinal directions. A general form of the conditional probability, based on Pickard's theorem and Bayes rule, is presented for the soil type generation. The proposed stratigraphic characterization and simulation method is applied to real borehole data collected from a construction site in Wuhan, China. It is illustrated that the proposed method is accurate in prediction and does not show an inclination during simulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967423001666/pdfft?md5=779aa96c134b9071cb8fd80bc83a45d3&pid=1-s2.0-S2467967423001666-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-initiated static-dynamic state transition behavior and triggering mechanism of strain rockburst using three-dimensional discrete element method","authors":"Yuan Qian ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Rui Wei ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Huang ,&nbsp;Huiguan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accurate understanding of rockburst mechanism poses a global challenge in the field of rock mechanics. Particularly for strain rockburst, achieving self-initiated static-dynamic state transition is a crucial step in the formation of catastrophic events. However, the state transition behavior and its impact on rockburst have not received sufficient attention, and are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study specifically focuses on the state transition behavior, aiming to investigate its abrupt transition process and formation mechanism, and triggering effects on rockburst. To facilitate the study, a novel burst rock-surrounding rock combined laboratory test model is proposed and its effectiveness is validated through experiment verification. Subsequently, corresponding numerical models are established using the three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM), enabling successful simulation of static brittle failure and rockbursts of varying intensities under quasi-static displacement loading conditions. Moreover, through secondary development, comprehensive recording of the mechanical and energy information pertaining to the combined specimen system and its subsystems is achieved. As a result of numerical investigation studies, the elastic rebound dynamic behavior of the surrounding rock was discovered and identified as the key factor triggering rockburst and controlling its intensity. The impact loading on the burst rock, induced by elastic rebound, directly initiates the dynamic processes of rockburst, serving as the direct cause. Additionally, the transient work and energy convergence towards the burst rock resulting from elastic rebound are recognized as the inherent cause of rockburst. Moreover, it has been observed that a larger extent of surrounding rock leads to a stronger elastic rebound, thereby directly contributing to a more intense rockburst. The findings can provide novel theoretical insights for the exploring of rockburst mechanism and the development of monitoring and prevention techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967423001630/pdfft?md5=b725e34d160f4756f3af7557caa2139d&pid=1-s2.0-S2467967423001630-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thickness regression for backfill grouting of shield tunnels based on GPR data and CatBoost & BO-TPE: A full-scale model test study","authors":"Kang Li ,&nbsp;Xiongyao Xie ,&nbsp;Biao Zhou ,&nbsp;Changfu Huang ,&nbsp;Wei Lin ,&nbsp;Yihan Zhou ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a vital non-destructive testing (NDT) technology that can be employed for detecting the backfill grouting of shield tunnels. To achieve intelligent analysis of GPR data and overcome the subjectivity of traditional data processing methods, the CatBoost &amp; BO-TPE model was constructed for regressing the grouting thickness based on GPR waveforms. A full-scale model test and corresponding numerical simulations were carried out to collect GPR data at 400 and 900 MHz, with known backfill grouting thickness. The model test helps address the limitation of not knowing the grout body condition in actual field detection. The data were then used to create machine learning datasets. The method of feature selection was proposed based on the analysis of feature importance and the electromagnetic (EM) propagation law in mediums. The research shows that: (1) the CatBoost &amp; BO-TPE model exhibited outstanding performance in both experimental and numerical data, achieving <em>R</em>² values of 0.9760, 0.8971, 0.8808, and 0.5437 for numerical data and test data at 400 and 900 MHz. It outperformed extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) in terms of performance in the backfill grouting thickness regression; (2) compared with the full-waveform GPR data, the feature selection method proposed in this paper can promote the performance of the model. The selected features within the 5–30 ns of the A-scan can yield the best performance for the model; (3) compared to GPR data at 900 MHz, GPR data at 400 MHz exhibited better performance in the CatBoost &amp; BO-TPE model. This indicates that the results of the machine learning model can provide feedback for the selection of GPR parameters; (4) the application results of the trained CatBoost &amp; BO-TPE model in engineering are in line with the patterns observed through traditional processing methods, yet they demonstrate a more quantitative and objective nature compared to the traditional method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967423001629/pdfft?md5=3f13390db5001a16416cbfc0f4594585&pid=1-s2.0-S2467967423001629-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the failure mechanism and theoretical model of bolt-reinforced shallow tunnel faces with different bolt lengths","authors":"Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Yu ,&nbsp;Mingnian Wang ,&nbsp;Henghong Yang ,&nbsp;Ming Lu ,&nbsp;Zexing Li ,&nbsp;Langzhou Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using fiberglass bolts to reinforce a tunnel face is a practical auxiliary technology for ensuring tunnel face stability in soft ground. The reinforcing effect and the economics of this technology are significantly affected by bolt length. However, to date, the failure mechanism of bolt-reinforced tunnel faces with different bolt lengths has rarely been investigated. To reveal the failure mechanism of bolt-reinforced shallow tunnel faces, in this study, the stability of bolt-reinforced tunnel faces with different bolt lengths was investigated by using laboratory tests and numerical simulations, and a simplified theoretical model for practical engineering was proposed. The face support pressure and failure pattern for different bolt lengths during the face collapse process were obtained, and the influence of bolt length on face stability was clearly revealed. More specifically, the results show that face stability increases with increasing bolt length, and the reinforcing effect of face bolts is governed by the shear failure at the soil-grout interface first in the stable zone of the tunnel face and then in the failure zone. Once the bolt length in the stable zone is larger than that in the failure zone, face stability will not be improved with increasing bolt length; thus, this bolt length is referred to as the optimal bolt length <em>L</em>_opt. The <em>L</em>_opt value is slightly larger than the initial failure range (in the unreinforced condition) and can be approximately calculated by <em>L</em>_opt = (1 − 0.0133<em>φ</em>)<em>D</em> (<em>φ</em> is the friction angle of the soil, and <em>D</em> is the tunnel diameter) in practical engineering. Finally, a simplified theoretical model was established to analyse the stability of reinforced tunnel faces, and the results are in good agreement with both laboratory tests and numerical simulations. The proposed model can be used as an efficient tool for the design of face bolts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246796742300154X/pdfft?md5=162a6bfc05f226d6aaf4df831fa5cddf&pid=1-s2.0-S246796742300154X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139300430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation characteristics of ultra-deep circular shaft in soft soil: A case study","authors":"Yafei Qiao ,&nbsp;Feng Xie ,&nbsp;Zhanwei Bai ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Lu ,&nbsp;Wenqi Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A circular shaft is often used to access a working well for deep underground space utilization. As the depth of underground space increases, the excavation depth of the shaft increases. In this study, the deformation characteristics of a circular shaft with a depth of 56.3 m were presented and analysed. The main monitoring contents included: (1) wall deflection; (2) vertical wall movement; (3) horizontal soil movement; (4) vertical surface movement; and (5) basal heave. Horizontally, the maximum wall deflection was only 7.7 mm. Compared with the wall deflection data collected for another 29 circular excavations, the ratio of maximum wall deflection to excavation depth of this shaft was smaller due to a smaller ratio of diameter to excavation depth. The wall deflection underwent two stages of deformation: the first stage was mainly circumferential compression caused by the mutual extrusion of joints between walls, and the second stage was typical vertical deflection deformation. The horizontal soil movement outside the shaft was greater than the wall deflection and the deep soil caused great horizontal movement because of dewatering at confined water layers. Vertically, a basal heave of 203.8 mm occurred in the pit centre near the bottom. Meanwhile, the shaft was uplifted over time and showed 3 stages of vertical movement. The surface outside the shaft exhibited settlement and uplift deformation at different locations due to different effects. The basal heave caused by excavation was the dominant factor, driving the vertical movement of the shaft as well as the surrounding surface. The correlation between the wall deflection and the surface settlement outside the shaft was weak.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967423001538/pdfft?md5=27e8f96a2cee41db88e9613eec2a3aab&pid=1-s2.0-S2467967423001538-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139303951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of surface settlement caused by synchronous grouting during shield tunneling in coarse-grained soils: A combined FEM and machine learning approach","authors":"Chao Liu ,&nbsp;Zepan Wang ,&nbsp;Hai Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Cui ,&nbsp;Xiangyun Huang ,&nbsp;Lixing Ma ,&nbsp;Shuang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a surrogate modeling approach for predicting ground surface settlement caused by synchronous grouting during shield tunneling process. The proposed method combines finite element simulations with machine learning algorithms and introduces an intelligent optimization algorithm to invert geological parameters and synchronous grouting variables, thereby predicting ground surface settlement without conducting numerous finite element analyses. Two surrogate models based on the random forest algorithm are established. The first is a parameter inversion surrogate model that combines an artificial fish swarm algorithm with random forest, taking into account the actual number and distribution of complex soil layers. The second model predicts surface settlement during synchronous grouting by employing actual cover-diameter ratio, inverted soil parameters, and grouting variables. To avoid changes to input parameters caused by the number of overlying soil layers, the dataset of this model is generated by the finite element model of the homogeneous soil layer. The surrogate modeling approach is validated by the case history of a large-diameter shield tunnel in Beijing, providing an alternative to numerical computation that can efficiently predict surface settlement with acceptable accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967423001526/pdfft?md5=dc0db386a3297e40751729128cd455ac&pid=1-s2.0-S2467967423001526-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}