American Psychologist最新文献

{"title":"From myth to model: Representation of \"the Jew\" in generative AI.","authors":"Gal Gutman, Michael Gilead","doi":"10.1037/amp0001668","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antisemitism, a persistent form of prejudice, is increasingly manifesting in subtle and modernized forms within contemporary society. This study examined how cultural representations of Jews are encoded in large language models (LLMs), which absorb societal discourse through training on vast corpora of human-generated text. To investigate these representations, we developed an indirect methodology: generating character biographies using Jewish and non-Jewish names, removing overt identity markers, and prompting the LLM to evaluate a range of psychological and sociocultural traits. Characters associated with Jewish (vs. non-Jewish) names were consistently rated as more competent, privileged, dominant, self-controlled, future-oriented, hierarchical, and obsessive, and as less likable and less collectivistic. When these trait profiles were mapped onto fictional characters, they aligned with archetypes historically associated with antisemitic tropes. These findings demonstrate how latent antisemitic stereotypes can persist in AI systems despite explicit bias mitigation, highlighting the adaptability of prejudice and the structural embedding of cultural archetypes in contemporary technologies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"81 4","pages":"490-502"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emulation versus envy: Jewish managerial stereotypes in China.","authors":"Joshua Keller, Wen Shan","doi":"10.1037/amp0001712","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Does the perception of Jewish financial success trigger antisemitism? In three studies using both qualitative and quantitative methods, we found that the answer in China was no. In Study 1, we examined Chinese popular discourse on Jewish businesses and found that Jewish managers were seen as models to emulate for both instrumental success and ethical conduct. In Study 2, a survey of Chinese white-collar workers showed a similar pattern: Managerial behaviors perceived as Jewish were rated as more profitable and ethical than those perceived as more Chinese. In Study 3, through an investment-scenario experiment, Chinese participants rated businesses with managers described as adhering to Chinese views of Jewish managerial behavior as more profitable and ethical, and these evaluations were mediated by the extent to which participants perceived the behavior as \"Jewish.\" These results offer insights into how cultural context shapes perceptions of Jewish financial success as either a source of envy or of emulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"81 4","pages":"503-515"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perils of perceived power: The dual-threat model of antisemitism.","authors":"Britt Hadar, Nir Halevy, Taya R Cohen, Evan P Apfelbaum, Lauren Chan","doi":"10.1037/amp0001693","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antisemitism, characterized by prejudice, discrimination, and hostility toward Jews, is marked by two enduring paradoxes. First, although people typically defer to powerholders, perceptions of Jews as powerful are associated with disdain rather than deference among antisemites. Second, antisemitism emerges among individuals with opposing ideological worldviews, those who strongly support societal hierarchies and those who vehemently oppose them. To explain these paradoxes, we introduce the dual-threat model of antisemitism, which highlights the central role of perceived Jewish power in fueling antisemitism. The model posits that perceived Jewish power-defined as perceived control over valuable resources-elicits two distinct types of threat. For proponents of hierarchy, perceived Jewish power threatens ingroup dominance, challenging their desire to maintain group superiority. For opponents of hierarchy, perceived Jewish power threatens egalitarian ideals, undermining their vision of a fair and equal society. Evidence from the United States, Mexico, Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Poland lends cross-cultural support to the model. We discuss the implications of the model and the empirical evidence for designing interventions aimed at curbing antisemitism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"81 4","pages":"516-530"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antisemitism and psychology: A long-overdue reengagement.","authors":"Michał Bilewicz, Florette Cohen, Ayal Feinberg","doi":"10.1037/amp0001734","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews the historical contributions of psychological scholarship on antisemitism, identifies theoretical traditions that emerged directly from this work, and analyzes the social, methodological, and conceptual factors that contributed to its temporary marginalization. We then synthesize contemporary research that has revitalized the field, including work on memory-defensive antisemitism, conspiracy mentality, intergroup threat, and the psychological dynamics underlying anti-Zionist expressions of antisemitism. By integrating classical and contemporary perspectives, the article argues that antisemitism constitutes a theoretically distinctive form of prejudice that challenges standard models of stereotyping, power, and minority status. The introduction concludes by outlining the aims of the present special issue and highlighting key directions for future psychological research on antisemitism in an era of democratic fragility, digital misinformation, and renewed intergroup violence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"81 4","pages":"437-448"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From praise to prejudice: How positive stereotypes reinforce antisemitism.","authors":"Bella Qing Dong, Margaret Shih, Todd Pittinsky","doi":"10.1037/amp0001701","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antisemitism-defined as prejudice and hostility toward Jews-is traditionally studied by examining explicit negative stereotypes and historical discriminatory actions against Jewish communities. However, this article explores an often overlooked and understudied dimension: how positive stereotypes about Jewish people paradoxically reinforce antisemitism and contribute to their marginalization. While negative stereotypes about Jews are widely recognized as harmful and unwelcomed, positive stereotypes-such as perception of high intelligence and financial achievements-are frequently misunderstood as benign. We investigate how these seemingly positive traits could facilitate and reinforce negative outcomes for Jewish people. We propose, analogous to the framework built on the model minority myth literature in Asian American Studies literature, that positive stereotypes also perpetuate antisemitism through three psychological mechanisms: (a) othering, social alienation, and eroded social solidarity; (b) fostering resentment and neglecting diversity of ingroup experiences; and (c) enabling scapegoating and conspiracy narratives. We explore their consequences at the individual, group, and societal levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"81 4","pages":"531-543"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justifying antisemitism: Political liberalism and perceptions of prejudices.","authors":"Jordan W Moon, Michael Barlev, Steven L Neuberg","doi":"10.1037/amp0001702","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antisemitism has surged in the United States since the onset of the Israel-Hamas War. Yet, responses from liberals-who generally vigorously defend marginalized groups against prejudice and discrimination-have been tepid, leading some to suggest that liberals tolerate antisemitism. In three preregistered experiments (N = 979), we investigate how Americans-liberals and conservatives-perceive antisemitism and whether their perceptions depend on how the antisemitism is justified. We find that, absent justifications, individuals expressing antisemitism (and other prejudices) are generally disliked and more so by liberals than by conservatives. However, when these individuals justify their antisemitism by disapproval of Israel and the war in Gaza or violations by Israel of the human rights of Palestinians, they are liked more by liberals (but not conservatives). We find support for two group-based explanations for this \"licensing\" effect of justifications: Liberals evaluate individuals who express antisemitism and other prejudices more positively to the extent that the justifications they express (a) identify them as liberals (ingroup favoritism) and (b) suggest that they are not generally bigoted and are therefore less of a threat to their political alliances (alliance politics). A fuller understanding of why antisemitism is presently not more broadly condemned requires considering how it is expressed, the social information contained in the expression, and the implications of this information for perceivers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"81 4","pages":"449-462"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systems of survivance: Reimagining indigenous suicide through the lens of culturo-behavior systems science.","authors":"Louis Busch,Traci M Cihon,Joseph P Gone","doi":"10.1037/amp0001721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001721","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous suicide prevention continues to be dominated by individual-focused interventions that neglect historical, cultural, and structural contexts. This article reviews culturo-behavior systems science (CBSS) as a complementary analytic approach that extends the transactional-ecological model proposed by Alcántara and Gone (2007). CBSS concepts, including macrocontingency, metacontingency, elaborated metacontingency, culturo-behavioral hypercycle, and matrix analysis, are introduced and applied to Indigenous life-promotion initiatives. Using illustrative examples, we show how CBSS can clarify multilevel contingencies, feedback systems, and systemic selectors that shape the organization and sustainability of life-promoting practices. CBSS aligns with Indigenous relational worldviews and offers analytic tools for examining culturally grounded, community-led approaches to life promotion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Assessing the safety and efficacy of prescribing psychologists in New Mexico and Louisiana\" by Hughes et al. (2025).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/amp0001733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001733","url":null,"abstract":"Reports an error in \"Assessing the safety and efficacy of prescribing psychologists in New Mexico and Louisiana\" by Phillip M. Hughes, Joshua D. Niznik, Robert E. McGrath, Casey R. Tak, Robert B. Christian, Betsy L. Sleath and Kathleen C. Thomas (American Psychologist, 2025[Oct], Vol 80[7], 1019-1031; see record 2025-07510-001). In the article, the subheadings and N (%) values under \"Psychologists versus psychiatrists\" and \"Psychologists versus primary care physicians\" headings were transposed. The correct placements of headings and N (%) values are shown in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2025-07510-001). This study aimed to compare patient outcomes between prescribing psychologists, psychiatrists, and primary care physicians (PCPs). Private insurance claims (2005-2021; n = 307,478) were used to conduct an active comparator, new user longitudinal cohort study developed using target trial emulation. Inverse propensity for treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences in a range of sociodemographic, clinical, and contextual patient factors. Differences in the 1-year rate of health care visits for adverse drug events (ADEs), psychiatric emergency department (ED) utilization, medication adherence, and psychotropic polypharmacy were identified between prescribing psychologists and the other provider types using doubly robust Cox proportional hazards models. Compared to patients of psychiatrists, patients of prescribing psychologists had a 24% lower rate of ADEs (95% CI [0.60, 0.96]), a 20% lower rate of psychotropic polypharmacy (95% CI [0.74, 0.86]), and similar rates of psychiatric ED utilization and medication nonadherence. Compared to patients of PCPs, patients of prescribing psychologists had 138% higher rates of psychiatric ED utilization (95% CI [1.67, 3.39]), 175% higher rates of psychotropic polypharmacy (95% CI [2.53, 2.99]), 28% lower rates of medication nonadherence (95% CI [0.66, 0.78]), and similar rates of ADEs. Using robust pharmacoepidemiological methods, we noted that among mental health specialists, prescribing psychologists appear to be as safe and efficacious as psychiatrists in a large sample of privately insured patients. Notable differences in safety and efficacy when compared to PCPs may be attributable to differences between specialty and primary care. Future research on prescribing psychologists should move toward studies of care quality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Systems of Survivance: Reimagining Indigenous Suicide Through the Lens of Culturo-Behavior Systems Science","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/amp0001721.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001721.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"David A. Washburn (1961–2025).","authors":"Michael J. Beran","doi":"10.1037/amp0001728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}