Łukasz Jach , Mariola Paruzel-Czachura , Peter K. Jonason
{"title":"Individual differences in moral choices: Insights from two ipsative methods","authors":"Łukasz Jach , Mariola Paruzel-Czachura , Peter K. Jonason","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most research on individual differences in moral values or foundations relies on normative assessments (e.g., Likert) which may have some limitations. To complement these methods, we present two studies on moral choices relying on forced-choice (Study 1) and budget allocation (Study 2) questionnaires (i.e., two ipsative methods) to understand individual differences in the moral foundations of avoiding harm, maximizing fairness, loyalty to one's ingroup, respect for authority, and purity. Furthermore, to understand individual differences in moral choices, we examined sex differences and the role of the Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism). Maximizing fairness was chosen the most whereas in respect for authority and purity were chosen the least regardless of specific ipsative method. In addition, those who chose authority over care and fairness scored higher on all the Dark Triad traits (Study 1), men who were more narcissistic and psychopathic allocated a larger portion of their budgets to authority and purity and less to fairness and loyalty (Study 2), and women who were more Machiavellian invested more in purity. We emphasize the utility of ipsative measurement techniques to complement normative ones when trying to understand moral choices and more.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elżbieta Plucińska , Małgorzata Sobol , Paweł Wrona , Magdalena Boczarska-Jedynak , Joanna Piotrowska , Przemysław Bąbel , Jeremy Howick , Nasim Maleki
{"title":"A balanced time perspective as a migraine-relieving factor","authors":"Elżbieta Plucińska , Małgorzata Sobol , Paweł Wrona , Magdalena Boczarska-Jedynak , Joanna Piotrowska , Przemysław Bąbel , Jeremy Howick , Nasim Maleki","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmacological treatments for migraines are inadequate for a large proportion of sufferers because of intolerance to adverse events, dependence, or treatment resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the association of perceived stress and balanced time perspective (BTP) with migraine frequency, severity, and migraine-related disability. Participants (<em>n</em> = 91) were migraine patients diagnosed with migraines by a physician. They completed a set of questionnaires, including the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Carpe Diem Scale, Dark Future Scale, Migraine Disability Assessment Score questionnaire, and Perceived Stress Scale. They also underwent migraine diaries for 4 weeks. Moderation analyses were conducted for individual migraine indicators. BTP moderated the association between perceived stress and retrospectively assessed migraine frequency and migraine-related disability. No associations were found between BTP and migraine indicators recorded in the migraine diaries. The results indicate that BTP may act as a buffer, helping to mitigate the negative consequences of stress, particularly migraine pain. Moreover, the results suggest that time perspective may influence the perception and recollection of migraine symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of psychological flexibility and a positive temporal outlook in coping with migraines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Malas , Angel Blanch , Mirko Duradoni , Jerome Rossier
{"title":"Does psychological distress weaken belief in a just world? A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis of BJW and psychological well-being","authors":"Olga Malas , Angel Blanch , Mirko Duradoni , Jerome Rossier","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Belief in a Just World (BJW) is traditionally conceptualized as a stable cognitive framework that contributes to well-being. However, emerging evidence suggests that BJW may not be entirely static but susceptible to fluctuations in response to psychological distress. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between BJW-Self and BJW-Others with distress and social dysfunction in a Swiss adult sample (<em>N</em> = 1304) at two time points over one year. A cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the associations between belief in a just world (BJW) and well-being. Specifically, we evaluated whether BJW showed a stronger association with subsequent well-being, or conversely, whether well-being was a stronger association with subsequent BJW. As result, BJW demonstrated greater consistency over time compared to well-being. However, distress was also significantly associated with a decline in both BJW dimensions over time, suggesting that BJW is not merely a consistent resilience factor, but may also be influenced by individuals' emotional states. Social dysfunction was unrelated to BJW. These findings challenge the assumption that BJW remains psychologically immutable, highlighting its dynamic interplay with distress. Understanding BJW's variability could refine cognitive interventions by acknowledging how distress modulates just-world beliefs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emotion regulation, moral disengagement, and gaming disorder in Turkish young adults","authors":"Oya Onat Kocabıyık","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Moral Disengagement (MD) have emerged as important psychological constructs linked to problematic digital behaviors. This study examined whether maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (ER) strategies, particularly self-blame, are associated with MD through the mediating role of IGD, and whether this relationship contributes to the use of other-blame as an additional ER strategy. A sample of 256 young adults in Turkey (SD = 2.705; age range = 18–28) participated. Structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized serial mediation model, indicating that self-blame was positively associated with IGD, which in turn was related to higher levels of MD, ultimately contributing to the use of other-blame. The model demonstrated acceptable fit indices. However, due to the cross-sectional design, these associations are correlational, and no causal inferences can be drawn. While the findings align with theoretical expectations, alternative or bidirectional explanations may also be plausible. These results highlight the role of maladaptive ER strategies in the development of problematic gaming behaviors and MD. Promoting adaptive ER and self-regulation skills may be beneficial in digital settings. Future longitudinal and experimental research is encouraged to explore these pathways further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time perspective and depressive symptoms: mediating role of chronotype","authors":"Konrad S. Jankowski","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time perspective has been associated with indicators of well-being and mental health, including depressive symptoms. Chronotype has also been linked to depressive symptoms. Research consistently shows associations between a future orientation and morningness, likely because future orientation fosters planning for next-day activities, thereby promoting alignment with daily schedules dictated by social obligations. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of chronotype in the relationship between time perspective and depressive symptoms. A sample of adults completed self-report measures assessing time perspective, chronotype, and depressive symptoms. Analyses revealed that higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with greater eveningness, a more negative view of the past, a less positive view of the past, a more fatalistic present perspective, a lower future orientation, and a less balanced time perspective profile. Furthermore, eveningness was linked to lower future and lower past positive orientations and to less balanced time perspective. Mediation analyses indicated that the associations between lower future and lower past positive dimensions with depressive symptoms were partly mediated by eveningness. These findings may help to elucidate the mechanisms through which certain psychological traits contribute to the development of depressive symptoms—particularly those traits that also influence sleep–wake behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The dark side of personality and its somatic expression: Relationship between the Dark Triad, psychosomatic symptoms and somatosensory amplification","authors":"Violeta Tadić , Boris Kordić","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dark Triad is characterized by emotional dysregulation, deficits in self-understanding and interpersonal functioning, as well as maladaptive defense mechanisms. While these traits have been linked to diverse health outcomes, their role in the psychosomatic domain remains limited, and the relationships explored remain unclear. This research examines the associations between the Dark Triad traits, psychosomatic symptoms, and somatosensory amplification in a student population (<em>N</em> = 296). While all Dark Triad traits were associated with somatosensory amplification, only psychopathy and Machiavellianism were linked to psychosomatic symptoms. Among the Dark Triad traits, Machiavellianism was the most prominent predictor in both cases. Somatosensory amplification emerged as a significant predictor of psychosomatic symptoms. Finally, the Sobel test indicated that somatosensory amplification mediates the association between Machiavellianism and psychopathy with psychosomatic symptoms. The results showed that the Dark Triad traits may play a significant role in predicting heightened somatic sensitivity and psychosomatic symptoms, with narcissism being excluded from the latter association; therefore, further research in this regard is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-assessed intelligence is a self-esteem variable, not a test proxy measure: The relationship between personality, self-estimated and test-derived intelligence","authors":"Adrian Furnham , David S. Semmelink","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the relationship between personality traits, self-estimated and test-derived intelligence. Participants completed two personality tests and an intelligence test. They were also asked to estimate their intelligence. Correlations indicate that there was no relationship between test-derived IQ at both subscale and total level but that it was related to many personality traits. The regression suggests few associations of demographic, test-derived IQ, or personality trait scores. This paper discusses what IQ estimates are a function of, and limitations are acknowledged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seeing emotions clearly: Emotional intelligence and the categorization of emotional pictures","authors":"Tehila Nadav , Ilona Glebov-Russinov , Avishai Henik","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emotional intelligence (EI) and emotional clarity (EC) are conceptualized as critical facets of emotional competence, yet their behavioral correlates remain underexplored. This study examined whether behavioral indicators derived from an emotional categorization task are associated with trait EI and EC. Participants (N = 154) categorized emotional pictures varying in valence and provided confidence ratings. Reaction time variability (sdRT), confidence level, and the probability of choosing a second emotion (PSE) were extracted, alongside the percent dominant response (PDR), reflecting clarity in emotional labeling. Participants also completed self-report measures of EI and EC. Structural models revealed that sdRT, PSE, and confidence were significantly associated with PDR, which was also associated with EI and EC, but only for positive stimuli. Notably, confidence was associated with EI. Greater performance consistency and confidence were observed for positive relative to negative stimuli. These findings the advance understanding of how performance-based indicators of momentary EC relates to trait-level emotional competencies, emphasizing the centrality of emotional labeling in emotional functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}