Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

{"title":"Not beautiful enough to be myself: The impact of exposure to ideal appearance photos on women's state authenticity","authors":"Dominik Borawski,&nbsp;Sandra Klimczak,&nbsp;Katarzyna Lipska","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of exposure to ideal appearance photos on women's sense of authenticity, testing the discrepancy between current and ideal body image as a potential mediator of this effect. The sample included 276 women aged 18 to 45 years (<em>M</em> = 26.05, <em>SD</em> = 7.00). They were randomly assigned to view either idealized or realistic appearance photos and then rated body image discrepancy and state authenticity. The results indicated that exposure to ideal appearance photos increased current-ideal body image discrepancy and decreased state authenticity. Mediation analysis revealed that the discrepancy between current and ideal body image partially mediated the relationship between photo exposure and authenticity. These findings suggest that even brief exposure to idealized beauty standards can threaten women's sense of being their true selves. The results align with the State Authenticity as Fit to Environment (SAFE) model, highlighting the importance of environmental fit for experiencing authenticity. The study underscores the significant role of physical attractiveness in women's self-concept and suggests that idealized beauty standards may undermine women's authenticity by increasing cognitive discrepancies between their actual and ideal self-images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of attachment on the trajectory of celebrity worship: The mediating role of self-concept clarity","authors":"Xiaohan Gong ,&nbsp;Sicong Lin ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Ding ,&nbsp;Wenwen Zhao ,&nbsp;Xi Hu ,&nbsp;Depeng Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Giving rise to problems such as online violence, celebrity worship has become an important social issue in the Internet era, which urgently needs to be explored. This study aimed to explore the trajectory of celebrity worship and its mechanism. A sample of 662 Chinese college freshmen (535 female, <em>M</em>_<em>age</em> = 18.56 ± 1.75) was recruited to complete the questionnaire with a short-term longitudinal research design across four waves at intervals of one month. The results indicated that celebrity worship declined with a linear trajectory. Additionally, a mediation model was constructed to examine the effect of attachment styles on celebrity worship, as well as the mediating role of self-concept clarity. Insecure attachment styles increase the initial level of celebrity worship and accelerate the decline rate of celebrity worship by decreasing self-concept clarity. However, anxious attachment can also directly mitigate the decline rate of celebrity worship. This finding indicated that anxious attachment had a suppression effect on the decline rate of celebrity worship. This study confirmed the decline in the level of celebrity worship during the transitional period of college enrollment, as well as the complex roles played by attachment styles and self-concept clarity in this decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the links between rejection sensitivity, vulnerable narcissism, and hostile attributions in inmates and non-incarcerated individuals","authors":"Katarzyna Czajkowska-Łukasiewicz ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Iwon ,&nbsp;Anna Zajenkowska ,&nbsp;Sebastian Smoleń","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relationship between vulnerable narcissism, rejection sensitivity, and hostile attributions, comparing 125 inmates in Poland to 183 non-inmates from the general population (<em>N</em> = 308). It was hypothesized that vulnerable narcissism would be positively associated with hostile attributions, with rejection sensitivity independently predicting hostile attributions after accounting for shared variance. Additionally, the study explored whether the relationship between rejection sensitivity and hostile attributions would differ between inmates and non-inmates. Results revealed that vulnerable narcissism was positively associated with hostile attributions, and rejection sensitivity mediated this relationship. Among non-inmates, rejection sensitivity had a significant indirect effect on hostile attributions, but this effect was not observed in the inmate group. These results suggest that rejection sensitivity may help explain why individuals with high levels of vulnerable narcissism are more likely to perceive hostility in others; however, this relationship did not hold as expected within the inmate population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Big Five personality traits and university students' academic performance: A meta-analysis","authors":"Shuzhen Chen ,&nbsp;Alan Chi Keung Cheung ,&nbsp;Zhaobing Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meta-analytical evidence on the linkage between university students' academic performance and personality traits, considering cultural and contextual factors, remains limited. This meta-analysis reports comprehensive assessment of the relationships between personality traits and academic performance, incorporating 84 studies published between 1995 and 2024. A total of 370 correlations with a combined sample size of 46,729 were analyzed. Academic performance was found to correlate significantly with Agreeableness (<em>r</em> = 0.082), Conscientiousness (<em>r</em> = 0.206), and Openness (<em>r</em> = 0.081), although two of the correlations are relatively weak. As expected, Conscientiousness was the most noteworthy predictor of academic performance. It is worth noting that extraversion is sensitive to moderating variables. There was a good degree of consistency among the measurement tools except when measuring Extraversion. Extraversion shows a negative association with academic performance in individualistic contexts (<em>r</em> = −0.036). Extraversion is a significant and positive factor for education majors (<em>r</em> = 0.046). Proportion of females weakens the influence of Extraversion. In addition, Neuroticism exhibites a significant positive association with performance among freshmen and sophomores (<em>r</em> = 0.042). These moderators deepen the understanding of critical role of Big Five theory in explaining academic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of narcissistic personality traits in bullying behavior in adolescence – A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Laura Schunck,&nbsp;Ute von Düring,&nbsp;Jessica Wilke","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the association between narcissistic personality traits in adolescents and their roles in the bullying process. The aim is to summarize the current state of research to gain insights into the bullying process. Search terms were entered into the database Web of Science. Based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant empirical studies were identified and analyzed as part of a meta-analysis. Therefore, the studies needed to examine the relationship between narcissistic personality traits and bullying. Included studies must focus on adolescents aged 12 to 18 (± two years). Furthermore, they should include empirical primary data, be published within the last 20 years, and be peer-reviewed publications. 25 studies were included into the narrative synthesis and 24 in the meta-analysis. The results reveal that narcissistic characteristics, in particular grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, are associated with increased involvement in bullying behavior. Grandiose narcissism is often associated with the role of the perpetrator, while vulnerable narcissism is also connected to the role of the victim and cyberbullying. Meta-analysis revealed a small positive effect between narcissism and bullying behavior. Further research is necessary to distinguish between vulnerable and grandiose narcissism in adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beauty and riches: People who think they are attractive are more materialistic, the mediating role of social comparison orientation and the buffering role of self-affirmation","authors":"Xiaoyue Zhao ,&nbsp;Baoyan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-perceived physical attractiveness, as a pivotal variable influencing an individual's self-cognition and evaluation. Investigating its impact on materialism via social comparison orientation and the buffering effect of self-affirmation in this relationship can elucidate the psychological mechanisms through which individuals employ material consumption to construct and present their self-image in social interactions. Study 1 utilized a recall writing paradigm to manipulate participants' self-perceived physical attractiveness, thereby examining its effects on both explicit and implicit materialism, as well as the mediating role of social comparison orientation. Study 2 adopted a scale measurement approach to select participants with high self-perceived physical attractiveness and randomly assigned them to either a self-affirmation group or a control group, to investigate the buffering effect of self-affirmation in the process where high self-perceived physical attractiveness influences explicit and implicit materialism through social comparison orientation. The results indicate that: (1) Self-perceived physical attractiveness significantly and positively predicts both explicit and implicit materialism; (2) Social comparison orientation mediates the impact of self-perceived physical attractiveness on explicit and implicit materialism; (3) Self-affirmation buffers the mediating process through which high self-perceived physical attractiveness influences explicit and implicit materialism via social comparison orientation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lies in the dark: An analysis of dark personality traits and dishonesty","authors":"Peyton G. Yarbrough,&nbsp;Christian L. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research examining the link between dishonesty and malevolent personality traits has focused on the dark triad of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism (<span><span>Jonason et al., 2014</span></span>; <span><span>Paulhus &amp; Williams, 2002</span></span>). Recent research has proposed a broader model of dark traits, the dark core of personality (<span><span>Moshagen et al., 2018</span></span>). This correlational study aimed to investigate the connection between various types of lying behavior and the dark core of personality including the Lying Profile Questionnaire (<span><span>Makowski et al., 2023</span></span>), the 24-Hour Lie Question (<span><span>Hart et al., 2019</span></span>), the Revised Lie Acceptability Scale (<span><span>Oliveira &amp; Levine, 2008</span></span>), the Three Factor Lying Scale (<span><span>Hart et al., 2020</span></span>), the D70 (<span><span>Moshagen et al., 2020</span></span>), the honesty-humility scale from the HEXACO-60 (<span><span>Ashton &amp; Lee, 2009</span></span>), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability short form (<span><span>Crowne &amp; Marlowe, 1960</span></span>; <span><span>Reynolds, 1982</span></span>). 537 participants completed questionnaires about lying behaviors and dark core personality trait measures. Results indicated that those with dark personality traits tend to lie more often and accept lying in everyday situations. Additionally, dark traits were correlated with an increased frequency of telling self-serving and vindictive lies but not altruistic lies. Specific themes within the dark core also had predictive power for specific types of lies. The results of this study suggest that dark traits are not universal predictors of lying; they are associated with a greater tendency to lie malevolently, but not benevolently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belief in a just world fosters the pursuit of eudaimonia and tolerance of pain through future orientation","authors":"Hezhi Chen ,&nbsp;Zhijia Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pursuing hedonia (the seeking of pleasure and the avoidance of pain) and eudaimonia (a meaningful life) are the two fundamental motives for happiness. Prior research has shown that happiness motives critically affect well-being. However, their antecedents remain unclear. This research investigates whether and how belief in a just world (the perception that the world is fundamentally fair and individuals generally receive what they deserve) affects happiness motives. Both trait (Study 1) and experimentally manipulated (Study 2) belief in a just world positively predicted motives for eudaimonia and negatively predicted motives to avoid painful experiences, but did not affect motives to seek pleasant experiences. Moreover, future orientation, defined as a general tendency to plan for the future and prioritize long-term outcomes, mediated the relationship between belief in a just world and happiness motives (Studies 1–3). Our findings indicate that the endorsement of different approaches to achieving happiness is partly a response to the perceived environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between maternal caregivers' self-control, attachment and preschool children's self-control in Chinese urban three-generation families: Test of actor, partner, and indirect effects","authors":"Xiumin Cui ,&nbsp;Yuxin Tan ,&nbsp;Shanshan Xu ,&nbsp;Xiuyun Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In China, mother-grandmother co-parenting has emerged as one of the predominant parenting styles. Surprisingly, less is known about the impacts of dynamic interaction among subsystems on children in three-generation households. The current study examined how maternal caregivers' self-control specifically correlates with preschoolers' self-control and how caregiver-child attachment functions as a mediator in a mother-grandmother dyadic situation. A final sample of 495 mother-grandmother dyads in Southern China was recruited in this study. Mothers and grandmothers completed measures assessing caregivers' self-control, caregiver-child attachment, children's self-control and sociodemographic characteristics. The findings showed that both mothers' and grandmothers' self-control were indirectly linked to the child's self-control via the child's attachment to them and to their co-parents, implying that caregiver-child attachment played a major role in the intergenerational transfer of maternal caregivers' self-control. Significant actor and partner effects were obtained between mothers' and grandmothers' self-control and their children’ attachment to them. Additionally, the relationship between grandmother-child attachment and the grandmother's report of child self-control was stronger than that between mother-child attachment and the mother's report of child self-control. By extending the intergenerational transmission model of self-regulation and self-control theory to three-generation families, the present results illustrated the mechanism of intergenerational transmission of self-control in mother-grandmother co-parenting families and the differences in influence modes of mothers and grandmothers on children. Further, the novel findings uncovered in this paper emphasize the importance of considering the family as an interdependent dynamic system and including dyadic interactions between intergenerational caregivers in studies of preschool children's development in three-generation households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of self-esteem and self-compassion on daily psychological health: Insights from the experience sampling method","authors":"Hiroki Hirano,&nbsp;Keiko Ishii,&nbsp;Maaya Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study explored the influence of trait-level self-esteem and self-compassion on day-to-day positive and negative affect, levels of stress, and coping styles using the experience sampling method (ESM). The results of both Study 1 (American participants) and Study 2 (Japanese participants) demonstrated that individuals with higher self-esteem and self-compassion experienced greater positive affect, lower negative affect and stress, and were more likely to rely on adaptive coping strategies (e.g., problem-focused coping). The mediating role of coping also shed light on the underlying mechanisms linking self-esteem and self-compassion to better psychological functioning. However, the utility of each construct varied between the two nations, with both self-esteem and self-compassion being beneficial for American participants, whereas self-compassion played a more significant role among Japanese participants. Overall, the current findings suggest that although both self-esteem and self-compassion are conducive to better psychological health, their relative effectiveness may vary depending on cultural context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}